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The Laws of Relationships
(A Work In Progress)
Ian Glazer
Senior Director, Identity
salesforce.com
@iglazer
What’s the problem?
firstName
lastName
email
mobile
ou
nickname
title
…
firstName
lastName
email
mobile
ou
nickname
title
…
firstName
lastName
email
mobile
ou
nickname
title
…
firstName
lastName
email
mobile
ou
nickname
title
…
Reasonably large
number of identities
with a reasonable
number of attributes
deviceID
firmware
deviceID
firmware
deviceID
firmware
deviceID
firmware
Unreasonably large
number of identities
with a few attributes?
Reports To
Reports To
Reports To
Works with
Reports To
Reports To
Reports To
Owns
Owns
Owns
Works with
Reports To
Reports To
Reports To
Owns
Owns
Owns
Paired
Owns
Gets data
from
Sends
data to
Uses
Controls
Works with
Reports To
Reports To
Reports To
Owns
Owns
Owns
Paired
Owns
Gets data
from
Sends
data to
Uses
Controls
Works with
Drives
Uses
Constrains
Choice Of
Uses
Reports To
Reports To
Reports To
Owns
Owns
Owns
Paired
Owns
Gets data
from
Sends
data to
Uses
Controls
Works with
Drives
Uses
Constrains
Choice Of
Uses
Can send
data to
Riden In
Riden In
Unreasonably large number
of relationships between
unreasonably large numbers
of people and things, each
with attributes?
Why build laws in
the first place?
• Inform our designs
• Test existing solutions
• Identify gaps
Laws of Identity (2004)
1. User Control and Consent
2. Minimal Disclosure for a
Constrained Use
3. Justifiable Parties
4. Directed Identity
5. Pluralism of Operators and
Technologies
6. Human Integration
7. Consistent Experience Across
Contexts
The Laws* Of
Relationships
(A Work In Progress)
• Axioms
• Types
• Laws
Axioms
Attributes in support of 

pre-existing natural state or
requirements
1. Scalable
2. Actionable
Scalable
• Number of actors
• Number of relationships
• Number of attributes
• Number of actors
• Number of relationships
• Number of attributes
• Administration
Actionable
Relationships must be able
to carry authorization data
Can perform
actions X, Y,
and Z
Can perform
actions Q, W,
and E
Can perform
actions X, Y,
and Z
Can perform
actions Q, W,
and E
Can perform
actions X, Y,
and Z
Can perform
actions Q, W,
and E
?
?
But relationships do not
have to carry authZ data
Types
Informs the greater context
1. Immutable
2. Contextual
3. Transferrable
Immutable
Built by
Built by
Contextual
Relationship is active
when conditions are met
Inactive relationships
• None of the parties “use” the
relationship until a condition is
satisfied.
• The set of driver, car, insurer
relationships isn’t “used” until there is
a claim.
• Inert, inactive relationships are
still important because they
provide context
• This widget was made by Yoyodyne.
Inactive relationships
• None of the parties “use” the
relationship until a condition is
satisfied.
• The set of driver, car, insurer
relationships isn’t “used” until there is
a claim.
• Inert, inactive relationships are
still important because they
provide context
• This widget was made by Yoyodyne.
Drives
Inactive relationships
• None of the parties “use” the
relationship until a condition is
satisfied.
• The set of driver, car, insurer
relationships isn’t “used” until there is
a claim.
• Inert, inactive relationships are
still important because they
provide context
• This widget was made by Yoyodyne.
Drives Insures
Inactive relationships
• None of the parties “use” the
relationship until a condition is
satisfied.
• The set of driver, car, insurer
relationships isn’t “used” until there is
a claim.
• Inert, inactive relationships are
still important because they
provide context
• This widget was made by Yoyodyne.
Drives Insures
Manufactured by
Active Relationships
• Context toggles a relationship
into a usable state
Active Relationships
• Context toggles a relationship
into a usable state
Active Relationships
• Context toggles a relationship
into a usable state
Customer
Active Relationships
• Context toggles a relationship
into a usable state
Customer
Possesses
Active Relationships
• Context toggles a relationship
into a usable state
Customer
Owns
Possesses
Active Relationships
• Context toggles a relationship
into a usable state
Customer
Owns
Owns
Possesses
Active Relationships
• Context toggles a relationship
into a usable state
Customer
Owns
Owns
Possesses
Active Relationships
• Context toggles a relationship
into a usable state
Customer
Owns
Owns
Possesses
Context is a requirement
• Related Research:
– Death of authentication and rise of recognition
– Relationship context metadata and the need for durable metadata
Transferable
Client
Temporary Transference
Client
Temporary Transference
Delegate
Client
Temporary Transference
Delegate
Acts on behalf
of client
Client
Temporary Transference
Delegate
Acts on behalf
of client
Client
Temporary Transference
Acts on behalf
of client
Client
Temporary Transference
Permanent Transference
Owns
Permanent Transference
Owns
Customer Of
Permanent Transference
Owns
Customer Of
State of transference
• Do we need a system of record for transference state?
• Who would maintain such a system of record?
• Can/should the relationship carry history?
Laws
If a thing cannot be X,
then it is not a relationship
1. Provable
2. Acknowledgeable
3. Revocable
4. Constrainable
Provable
Mechanism to prove
that a relationship
exists between parties
• Single-party asserted
• Multi-party asserted
• 3rd-party asserted
Single Party Asserted:
X relates to Y because X says so
I work
for her
Multi-Party Asserted:
X relates to Y because X and Y say so
I work
for her
She
works
for me
3rd-Party Asserted:
X relates to Y because Z says so
Sally
works
for Mary
HR
3rd-Party Asserted:
Does this require other relationships?
HR
Acknowledgeable
All parties must be able
to acknowledge they are
in a relationship
I acknowledge
my relationship
with Twitter
I acknowledge
my relationship
with Twitter
I acknowledge
my relationship
with Twitter Do I
acknowledge
my followers?
They will
acknowledge
their relationship
with me
They will
acknowledge
their relationship
with me
But can I
acknowledge my
relationship with
them?
Is this really a Law or a
feature request from the
VRM/PDE/Privacy-types?
Revocable
Real-world revocation
Real-world revocation
Real-world revocation
Owns
Owns
Real-world revocation
Owns
Owns
Built By
Real-world revocation
Owns
Owns
Paired
Built By
Acts on behalf
of
Real-world revocation
Owns
Owns
Paired
Built By
Acts on behalf
of
Real-world revocation
Owns
Owns
Paired
Built By
Acts on behalf
of
Real-world revocation
Owns
Paired
Built By
Acts on behalf
of
Real-world revocation
Owns
Paired
Built By
Acts on behalf
of
Questions that need answers
• Can either party revoke a relationship?
• If I sever a relationship should any party who was part of the
relationship still have access and use of what was shared in the
course of the relationship?
• Does this imply the idea of cascading delete?
Constrainable
With my
permission,
it can report
its location
With my
permission,
it can report
its location
It can
constantly
report energy
use to my
power
company
With my
permission,
it can report
its location
It can
constantly
report energy
use to my
power
company
It can only
used by
customers
with active
licenses
Consent
It can
constantly
report energy
use to my
power
company
It can only
used by
customers
with active
licenses
Consent
Consent
It can only
used by
customers
with active
licenses
Consent
Consent
DRM
Now what?
Laws, Types, and Axioms
Laws Types Axioms
• Provable
• Acknowledgeable
• Revocable
• Constrainable
• Immutable
• Contextual
• Transferrable
• Scalable
• Actionable
Join the Kantara WG!
Send me comments :
https://www.tuesdaynight.org/
2014/05/28/the-laws-of-
relationships-a-work-in-
progress.html
Go test this!
Where should we try and test relationship
management?
• IoT is a natural case
– Industrial settings (factories, planes, etc)
– Citizen (smart homes, sensors in public)
• Familial Relationships
– Insurance
– Healthcare
• Finance
– Complex authorization models
– Regulatory influence
Where else can we test this?
• Product architecture
• User stories
• Random strangers on the bus
Reports To
Reports To
Reports To
Owns
Owns
Owns
Paired
Owns
Gets data
from
Sends
data to
Uses
Controls
Works with
Drives
Uses
Constrains
Choice Of
Uses
Can send
data to
Riden In
Riden In
The Laws Of
Relationships
Laws of Relationships

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Laws of Relationships