Bangladesh Maternal Mortality and Health Care Survey 2016MEASURE Evaluation
Presentation from the dissemination of the Bangladesh Maternal Mortality and health Care Survey 2016. Dhaka, Bangladesh, November 22, 2017. United States Agency for International Development; UKaid; MEASURE Evaluation, the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh; Bangladesh Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, and the Bangladesh National Institute of Population Research and Training
Maternal mortality and morbidity are serious issues globally. Maternal mortality is defined as the death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination from any cause related to the pregnancy. Maternal deaths are classified as direct, indirect, or fortuitous. Direct deaths result from obstetric complications while indirect deaths result from pre-existing or pregnancy-aggravated conditions. Major causes of maternal mortality include obstetric complications like hemorrhage and infections as well as social factors like poverty, illiteracy, and lack of access to medical care. Preventive measures include antenatal care, treatment of medical conditions, institutional deliveries, and promotion of family planning. Nurses play an important role in providing anten
The document contains information about reproductive health and childbearing, including definitions of key terms like fecundity, fertility, sterility, and infertility. It also discusses factors that influence reproductive capacity such as heredity, health, age, the ovulation cycle, lactation, and pregnancy wastage through conditions like miscarriage and stillbirth. The document aims to educate about reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and human rights.
This document summarizes the findings of an online survey on obesity prevalence and factors. The survey received poor response with only 53 entries. After excluding pregnant women, there were 50 observations from people in India and other countries. 62% of participants were either overweight or obese according to BMI standards. Multiple regression analysis found that age and disease condition were significantly associated with higher BMI, while disease lowered BMI. Stress, diet, and exercise habits may also contribute to the high rates of overweight and obesity seen in the sample, though larger studies are needed to verify these relationships.
This study examined the prevalence of overweight and obesity among 1,189 secondary school children aged 12-14 in Mashhad, Iran. The overall prevalence of overweight was 17.2% and obesity was 11.9%. A higher proportion of male (30.7%) than female (27.4%) children were overweight or obese. The children's BMI was significantly associated with parental BMI, gender, birth order, parents' education level, father's employment status, and family income. Multiple regression analysis showed that the father's BMI was significantly associated with male and female BMI, while the mother's BMI was significantly associated with only female BMI. The high prevalence of overweight/obesity found in this study compared to previous studies in Iran may
This document presents a gender analysis of health and nutrition. It discusses how gender refers to socially constructed roles and relationships between the sexes. It outlines the nutritional needs of women at different life stages including pregnancy, lactation, adolescence, and old age. It also discusses common deficiency diseases that affect women and girls. The document concludes that women are often victims of food discrimination which compromises their nutritional status and health as well as that of female family members.
This document discusses reproductive health and a life cycle approach. It defines reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being in all matters related to the reproductive system. The document outlines areas of concern for reproductive health, including bearing children safely, avoiding unwanted pregnancy, and maintaining a healthy reproductive system. It then explains the concept of a human life cycle, dividing it into stages of infancy/childhood, adolescence, reproductive age, and post-reproductive age. For each stage, the document lists some specific reproductive health issues and concerns.
This study examined how adverse childhood experiences (ACES) and current life stressors during pregnancy affect maternal health. 45 pregnant women were assessed for ACES, current stressors, and health conditions. ACES were significantly correlated with current health conditions, while current stressors were not. Even after accounting for current stressors, ACES had a trend-level relationship with poorer maternal health. The findings suggest childhood trauma continues to impact maternal health in pregnancy, demonstrating the importance of addressing ACES for pregnant women's well-being.
Bangladesh Maternal Mortality and Health Care Survey 2016MEASURE Evaluation
Presentation from the dissemination of the Bangladesh Maternal Mortality and health Care Survey 2016. Dhaka, Bangladesh, November 22, 2017. United States Agency for International Development; UKaid; MEASURE Evaluation, the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh; Bangladesh Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, and the Bangladesh National Institute of Population Research and Training
Maternal mortality and morbidity are serious issues globally. Maternal mortality is defined as the death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination from any cause related to the pregnancy. Maternal deaths are classified as direct, indirect, or fortuitous. Direct deaths result from obstetric complications while indirect deaths result from pre-existing or pregnancy-aggravated conditions. Major causes of maternal mortality include obstetric complications like hemorrhage and infections as well as social factors like poverty, illiteracy, and lack of access to medical care. Preventive measures include antenatal care, treatment of medical conditions, institutional deliveries, and promotion of family planning. Nurses play an important role in providing anten
The document contains information about reproductive health and childbearing, including definitions of key terms like fecundity, fertility, sterility, and infertility. It also discusses factors that influence reproductive capacity such as heredity, health, age, the ovulation cycle, lactation, and pregnancy wastage through conditions like miscarriage and stillbirth. The document aims to educate about reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and human rights.
This document summarizes the findings of an online survey on obesity prevalence and factors. The survey received poor response with only 53 entries. After excluding pregnant women, there were 50 observations from people in India and other countries. 62% of participants were either overweight or obese according to BMI standards. Multiple regression analysis found that age and disease condition were significantly associated with higher BMI, while disease lowered BMI. Stress, diet, and exercise habits may also contribute to the high rates of overweight and obesity seen in the sample, though larger studies are needed to verify these relationships.
This study examined the prevalence of overweight and obesity among 1,189 secondary school children aged 12-14 in Mashhad, Iran. The overall prevalence of overweight was 17.2% and obesity was 11.9%. A higher proportion of male (30.7%) than female (27.4%) children were overweight or obese. The children's BMI was significantly associated with parental BMI, gender, birth order, parents' education level, father's employment status, and family income. Multiple regression analysis showed that the father's BMI was significantly associated with male and female BMI, while the mother's BMI was significantly associated with only female BMI. The high prevalence of overweight/obesity found in this study compared to previous studies in Iran may
This document presents a gender analysis of health and nutrition. It discusses how gender refers to socially constructed roles and relationships between the sexes. It outlines the nutritional needs of women at different life stages including pregnancy, lactation, adolescence, and old age. It also discusses common deficiency diseases that affect women and girls. The document concludes that women are often victims of food discrimination which compromises their nutritional status and health as well as that of female family members.
This document discusses reproductive health and a life cycle approach. It defines reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being in all matters related to the reproductive system. The document outlines areas of concern for reproductive health, including bearing children safely, avoiding unwanted pregnancy, and maintaining a healthy reproductive system. It then explains the concept of a human life cycle, dividing it into stages of infancy/childhood, adolescence, reproductive age, and post-reproductive age. For each stage, the document lists some specific reproductive health issues and concerns.
This study examined how adverse childhood experiences (ACES) and current life stressors during pregnancy affect maternal health. 45 pregnant women were assessed for ACES, current stressors, and health conditions. ACES were significantly correlated with current health conditions, while current stressors were not. Even after accounting for current stressors, ACES had a trend-level relationship with poorer maternal health. The findings suggest childhood trauma continues to impact maternal health in pregnancy, demonstrating the importance of addressing ACES for pregnant women's well-being.
This document outlines the topics and schedule for a research seminar on reproductive health and family planning. Students will make presentations on their research projects, literature reviews, or country reports. Topics discussed include reproductive health, family planning methods, maternal mortality, adolescents, gender inequality, and population health policies. Data sources provided include national statistics, UN agencies, surveys. The instructor discusses limitations of data, heterogeneity of data, and importance of demography and HIV/AIDS for understanding reproductive health trends. Demographic measures like sex ratios, ages, intervals are introduced. The demographic transition and changes in fertility are also covered.
The document summarizes a study that examines the persistent effects of in utero exposure to Ramadan fasting in Indonesia. The key findings are:
1) Exposure to Ramadan fasting in utero is associated with working fewer hours (4.5% less) and higher rates of self-employment (3.2% more likely) in adulthood.
2) Ramadan exposure is also linked to lower cognitive test scores (5.9% lower) and math scores (7.8% lower) for children aged 7-15, as well as less schooling (3.3% more child labor, 3.4% fewer study hours).
3) The effects are strongest for
Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes. Reproductive health implies that people are able to have a satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so.
Reproductive health
Birth Control
Contraceptives and their types
Various Characteristics of Contraceptive
Natural Method , Surgical Method , Chemical methods explained
Maternal mortality is defined as the death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy from pregnancy-related causes. The three main causes of maternal death globally are hemorrhage, sepsis, and hypertensive disorders. In India, maternal mortality rates are highest in rural areas where access to healthcare is limited. The three delay model explains that maternal deaths are often due to delays in seeking care, reaching care, and receiving adequate care. Reducing maternal mortality requires improving access to emergency obstetric care, family planning services, and addressing social determinants like gender inequality and poverty.
The South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS) was initiated in 2009 to study the nutritional status of children in Southeast Asia. SEANUTS involved large surveys of over 16,000 children aged 6 months to 12 years in Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia. The surveys assessed the children's health, food intake, biochemical status, and growth. The Malaysian SEANUTS found a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among children, as well as a high proportion of vitamin D insufficiency, reflecting Malaysia's dual burden of malnutrition.
This document discusses reproductive and maternal health issues. It defines reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being in all matters relating to the reproductive system. Common maternal health problems mentioned include reproductive tract infections, malnutrition, anemia, complications during delivery, puerperal sepsis, abortions, infertility, uterine prolapse, and cervical cancer. Causes, effects, and methods of prevention are described for each issue. Overall the document emphasizes the importance of access to healthcare, nutrition, hygiene, and women's empowerment for ensuring reproductive and maternal health.
This document discusses reproductive health and related topics. Reproductive health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in relation to reproductive processes, not just the absence of disease. The objectives of reproductive health are to ensure access to comprehensive information and services for family planning and responsible voluntary decisions about childbearing. Reproductive health care includes family planning, counseling, infertility treatment, abortion services, and prevention/treatment of infections and other reproductive health conditions. Traditional harmful practices that violate women's sexual and reproductive rights are also reviewed, such as female genital mutilation, early and forced marriage, female disinheritance, gender inequality and women trafficking.
A powerpoint presentation on maternal mortality during a resident's presentation at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, obstetrics and gynecology directorate.
definitions, causes, prevention and way forward for maternal mortality in Ghana
Low birthweight delivery prevalence and associated factors as seen at a terti...Michael Olafusi
This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with low birth weight (LBW) deliveries at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria over 4 years. The key findings were:
- The prevalence of LBW deliveries was 8.3%. Most LBW babies were preterm (68.4%) or small for gestational age (53.6%).
- The predominant factors associated with LBW delivery were nulliparity, low parity (1-2), maternal age 25-35 years, hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, and short birth spacing (1-2 years).
- Effective family planning and antenatal services, particularly targeting low parity women aged 25-35 years with short inter-pregn
Reproductive health refers to a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in relation to reproductive functions. It involves preventing and treating reproductive health problems through family planning services, counseling, education and other methods. Ensuring access to comprehensive and factual reproductive health information and services helps enable responsible decisions about family planning and meeting changing needs over one's life cycle.
This document outlines the causes and impacts of maternal and perinatal mortality as well as interventions to reduce mortality rates. It defines key terms like maternal mortality ratio and discusses how Botswana conducts maternal death audits. The major causes of maternal mortality are bleeding, infection, high blood pressure during pregnancy and delivery complications, while fetal defects and placental issues are leading causes of perinatal mortality. Reducing mortality rates has economic, health, and psychological benefits for children, families, and communities. Interventions include improving prenatal care, access to health facilities, and community education.
4. reproductive health problems and strategiesInderjit Singh
Reproductive health refers to physical, emotional, behavioral, and social well-being related to reproduction. The World Health Organization defines it as a complete state of well-being in all matters relating to the reproductive system and its functions and processes. India was one of the first countries to initiate family planning programs in 1951 to promote total reproductive health as a social goal. These programs, now called Reproductive and Child Health Care Programs, aim to create awareness about reproductive health issues and provide support and facilities to build a healthier society. The government has taken measures such as using media to raise awareness, introducing sex education in schools, and providing medical facilities and care related to pregnancy, childbirth, sexually transmitted diseases, and other reproductive health issues
This document discusses various topics related to reproductive health, including definitions of reproductive health, population explosion and its causes in India, different contraception methods, sexually transmitted diseases, infertility, and assisted reproductive technologies. It provides an overview of India's family planning programs from the 1950s and current reproductive and child health care programs that aim to improve awareness and access to services.
Prospective study of infertility in humans due to life style changesAsma Afreen
This study assessed infertility treatment in humans in Kerala, India. It compared infertility prevalence in northern and southern Kerala and examined the impact of environmental factors. The study reviewed charts and interviewed patients aged 20-50 at three hospitals over three months. It found infertility was more common in males, increased with age and urban living, and was influenced by alcohol consumption and smoking. Long term treatment and patient education can improve infertility treatment outcomes.
This document discusses maternal mortality in Malaysia and Sarawak. It defines maternal death and classifications like direct, indirect, and fortuitous causes. The maternal mortality ratio is used to measure maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. The national MMR has plateaued between 28-30 in recent years, though one state achieved the MDG 5 target of 11.08 in 2013. Confidential enquiries from 2009-2011 found the leading causes were medical disorders during pregnancy, hypertensive disorders, and obstetric complications. Over 60% of deaths occurred postnatally. Key recommendations include improving prenatal care, early intervention for high-risk women, strengthening referral systems, and addressing substandard care issues.
The document discusses reproductive health, defining it as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being related to reproduction. It outlines key issues at different life stages from perinatal to post-menopausal. Statistics on Pakistan show high maternal and infant mortality rates. Ensuring reproductive health requires universal access to services, investing in health systems, and empowering women. Reproductive health issues affect both men and women and must be addressed at all levels of society.
This document provides information on reproductive health and family planning programs in India. It begins with definitions of reproductive health by WHO and discusses key programs like the Family Planning Programme and Reproductive and Child Health Care Programme. It describes various family planning methods like barrier methods (condoms, IUDs), chemical methods (pills, implants), surgical methods (sterilization), and natural methods. Issues related to reproductive health in India like myths, infertility, population growth are covered. The document emphasizes the importance of reproductive health education and availability of family planning services.
A reproductive healthy society has members with physically and emotionally healthy reproductive organs and interactions. The document discusses reproductive health topics like medical termination of pregnancy (MTP), which is the intentional termination of pregnancy under certain legal conditions in India. It notes the significance and drawbacks of MTP, including illegal terminations leading to death. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) that can be transmitted during intercourse are also explained, listing common STDs, effects, and prevention methods. Infertility, which is the inability to conceive children, can be caused by physical or psychological factors and may be treatable through assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF) or gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT).
Adolescent Pregnancy and Maternal Morbidity PSY 625 Bio.docxnettletondevon
Adolescent Pregnancy and Maternal Morbidity
PSY 625: Biological Bases of Behavior
Professor John Cosma
04/01/2018
Adolescent Pregnancy and Maternal Morbidity
Introduction
In the process of migration, the demographic and background characteristics of migrants in Bangladesh play a major role. In this research proposal, it will provide the social demographics of frequency and percent distribution, and economic characteristics of migrants before and after migration in Bangladesh. Background characteristics including age and sex of respondents, family type and size, marital status, and educational attainment of respondents before and after migration are included in social-demographic characteristics. Occupation, income food consumption, and health seeking behaviors are also included in the economic characteristics of Bangladesh.
Background
After marriage, pregnancy is accepted in our country. In many countries, such as Bangladesh, marriage is universal. Typically, in an early marriage there is an early pregnancy. Adolescent marriage can make maternal life troubling in early pregnancy. Early pregnancy can produce maternal and child death. According to the World Health Organization (2012), related to pregnancy and childbirth, approximately 800 women die from preventable causes. Countries such as Bangladesh, 99% of maternal deaths occur. Due to the high rates of early marriage and early pregnancies, countries such as Bangladesh, maternal pregnancy and maternal morbidity is slightly higher than other countries in the world. In Bangladesh, maternal morbidity is increasing due to illnesses and injuries (WHO, 2012). Health practitioners exclaims that adolescent girls are not developed enough to bear a child, which can produce maternal deaths or complications.
Justification
Statement of problem and research issue
In related to childbirth, adolescents' physical development is not fully capable to overcome health complications. For example, a mother who is petite in size and young, is more than likely to deliver a baby that is small, weak, may have possible mental delays, and chances of survival are slim to none. Birth complications, still births, and higher incident rates of low birth weights can happen to children who have adolescent mothers. The percentage of underweight children is about 41.5% of births in Bangladesh. Due to adolescent pregnancy, there is a good number of maternal mortality. According to WHO (2012), women living in Bangladesh, the surrounding rural areas, and poor developing communities, have a higher maternal mortality due to morbidity. It is argued that in young adolescent births, there are higher risks of complications and death than older women who conceive. Maternal mortality is unacceptably high around the world. Around the world, more than 800 women experience death from pregnancy and or child-related birth complications. According to BBS (2007), approximately, 728,000 women died during pregnancy and childbirth and.
Assessment and Analysis of the Overall Situation of Women and Children: Bangl...Premier Publishers
This document provides an overview of the situation of women and children in Bangladesh. It discusses several issues they face such as high maternal mortality, malnutrition, domestic violence, lack of access to healthcare and education, child marriage, and poverty. Several organizations are working to address these challenges. The government and UNICEF are working to increase access to education for girls and provide maternal healthcare. Programs also aim to reduce child marriage and malnutrition. While progress has been made, many women and children in Bangladesh still face significant hardships. More efforts are needed to promote their rights and improve overall living conditions.
This document outlines the topics and schedule for a research seminar on reproductive health and family planning. Students will make presentations on their research projects, literature reviews, or country reports. Topics discussed include reproductive health, family planning methods, maternal mortality, adolescents, gender inequality, and population health policies. Data sources provided include national statistics, UN agencies, surveys. The instructor discusses limitations of data, heterogeneity of data, and importance of demography and HIV/AIDS for understanding reproductive health trends. Demographic measures like sex ratios, ages, intervals are introduced. The demographic transition and changes in fertility are also covered.
The document summarizes a study that examines the persistent effects of in utero exposure to Ramadan fasting in Indonesia. The key findings are:
1) Exposure to Ramadan fasting in utero is associated with working fewer hours (4.5% less) and higher rates of self-employment (3.2% more likely) in adulthood.
2) Ramadan exposure is also linked to lower cognitive test scores (5.9% lower) and math scores (7.8% lower) for children aged 7-15, as well as less schooling (3.3% more child labor, 3.4% fewer study hours).
3) The effects are strongest for
Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes. Reproductive health implies that people are able to have a satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so.
Reproductive health
Birth Control
Contraceptives and their types
Various Characteristics of Contraceptive
Natural Method , Surgical Method , Chemical methods explained
Maternal mortality is defined as the death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy from pregnancy-related causes. The three main causes of maternal death globally are hemorrhage, sepsis, and hypertensive disorders. In India, maternal mortality rates are highest in rural areas where access to healthcare is limited. The three delay model explains that maternal deaths are often due to delays in seeking care, reaching care, and receiving adequate care. Reducing maternal mortality requires improving access to emergency obstetric care, family planning services, and addressing social determinants like gender inequality and poverty.
The South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS) was initiated in 2009 to study the nutritional status of children in Southeast Asia. SEANUTS involved large surveys of over 16,000 children aged 6 months to 12 years in Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia. The surveys assessed the children's health, food intake, biochemical status, and growth. The Malaysian SEANUTS found a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among children, as well as a high proportion of vitamin D insufficiency, reflecting Malaysia's dual burden of malnutrition.
This document discusses reproductive and maternal health issues. It defines reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being in all matters relating to the reproductive system. Common maternal health problems mentioned include reproductive tract infections, malnutrition, anemia, complications during delivery, puerperal sepsis, abortions, infertility, uterine prolapse, and cervical cancer. Causes, effects, and methods of prevention are described for each issue. Overall the document emphasizes the importance of access to healthcare, nutrition, hygiene, and women's empowerment for ensuring reproductive and maternal health.
This document discusses reproductive health and related topics. Reproductive health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in relation to reproductive processes, not just the absence of disease. The objectives of reproductive health are to ensure access to comprehensive information and services for family planning and responsible voluntary decisions about childbearing. Reproductive health care includes family planning, counseling, infertility treatment, abortion services, and prevention/treatment of infections and other reproductive health conditions. Traditional harmful practices that violate women's sexual and reproductive rights are also reviewed, such as female genital mutilation, early and forced marriage, female disinheritance, gender inequality and women trafficking.
A powerpoint presentation on maternal mortality during a resident's presentation at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, obstetrics and gynecology directorate.
definitions, causes, prevention and way forward for maternal mortality in Ghana
Low birthweight delivery prevalence and associated factors as seen at a terti...Michael Olafusi
This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with low birth weight (LBW) deliveries at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria over 4 years. The key findings were:
- The prevalence of LBW deliveries was 8.3%. Most LBW babies were preterm (68.4%) or small for gestational age (53.6%).
- The predominant factors associated with LBW delivery were nulliparity, low parity (1-2), maternal age 25-35 years, hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, and short birth spacing (1-2 years).
- Effective family planning and antenatal services, particularly targeting low parity women aged 25-35 years with short inter-pregn
Reproductive health refers to a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in relation to reproductive functions. It involves preventing and treating reproductive health problems through family planning services, counseling, education and other methods. Ensuring access to comprehensive and factual reproductive health information and services helps enable responsible decisions about family planning and meeting changing needs over one's life cycle.
This document outlines the causes and impacts of maternal and perinatal mortality as well as interventions to reduce mortality rates. It defines key terms like maternal mortality ratio and discusses how Botswana conducts maternal death audits. The major causes of maternal mortality are bleeding, infection, high blood pressure during pregnancy and delivery complications, while fetal defects and placental issues are leading causes of perinatal mortality. Reducing mortality rates has economic, health, and psychological benefits for children, families, and communities. Interventions include improving prenatal care, access to health facilities, and community education.
4. reproductive health problems and strategiesInderjit Singh
Reproductive health refers to physical, emotional, behavioral, and social well-being related to reproduction. The World Health Organization defines it as a complete state of well-being in all matters relating to the reproductive system and its functions and processes. India was one of the first countries to initiate family planning programs in 1951 to promote total reproductive health as a social goal. These programs, now called Reproductive and Child Health Care Programs, aim to create awareness about reproductive health issues and provide support and facilities to build a healthier society. The government has taken measures such as using media to raise awareness, introducing sex education in schools, and providing medical facilities and care related to pregnancy, childbirth, sexually transmitted diseases, and other reproductive health issues
This document discusses various topics related to reproductive health, including definitions of reproductive health, population explosion and its causes in India, different contraception methods, sexually transmitted diseases, infertility, and assisted reproductive technologies. It provides an overview of India's family planning programs from the 1950s and current reproductive and child health care programs that aim to improve awareness and access to services.
Prospective study of infertility in humans due to life style changesAsma Afreen
This study assessed infertility treatment in humans in Kerala, India. It compared infertility prevalence in northern and southern Kerala and examined the impact of environmental factors. The study reviewed charts and interviewed patients aged 20-50 at three hospitals over three months. It found infertility was more common in males, increased with age and urban living, and was influenced by alcohol consumption and smoking. Long term treatment and patient education can improve infertility treatment outcomes.
This document discusses maternal mortality in Malaysia and Sarawak. It defines maternal death and classifications like direct, indirect, and fortuitous causes. The maternal mortality ratio is used to measure maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. The national MMR has plateaued between 28-30 in recent years, though one state achieved the MDG 5 target of 11.08 in 2013. Confidential enquiries from 2009-2011 found the leading causes were medical disorders during pregnancy, hypertensive disorders, and obstetric complications. Over 60% of deaths occurred postnatally. Key recommendations include improving prenatal care, early intervention for high-risk women, strengthening referral systems, and addressing substandard care issues.
The document discusses reproductive health, defining it as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being related to reproduction. It outlines key issues at different life stages from perinatal to post-menopausal. Statistics on Pakistan show high maternal and infant mortality rates. Ensuring reproductive health requires universal access to services, investing in health systems, and empowering women. Reproductive health issues affect both men and women and must be addressed at all levels of society.
This document provides information on reproductive health and family planning programs in India. It begins with definitions of reproductive health by WHO and discusses key programs like the Family Planning Programme and Reproductive and Child Health Care Programme. It describes various family planning methods like barrier methods (condoms, IUDs), chemical methods (pills, implants), surgical methods (sterilization), and natural methods. Issues related to reproductive health in India like myths, infertility, population growth are covered. The document emphasizes the importance of reproductive health education and availability of family planning services.
A reproductive healthy society has members with physically and emotionally healthy reproductive organs and interactions. The document discusses reproductive health topics like medical termination of pregnancy (MTP), which is the intentional termination of pregnancy under certain legal conditions in India. It notes the significance and drawbacks of MTP, including illegal terminations leading to death. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) that can be transmitted during intercourse are also explained, listing common STDs, effects, and prevention methods. Infertility, which is the inability to conceive children, can be caused by physical or psychological factors and may be treatable through assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF) or gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT).
Adolescent Pregnancy and Maternal Morbidity PSY 625 Bio.docxnettletondevon
Adolescent Pregnancy and Maternal Morbidity
PSY 625: Biological Bases of Behavior
Professor John Cosma
04/01/2018
Adolescent Pregnancy and Maternal Morbidity
Introduction
In the process of migration, the demographic and background characteristics of migrants in Bangladesh play a major role. In this research proposal, it will provide the social demographics of frequency and percent distribution, and economic characteristics of migrants before and after migration in Bangladesh. Background characteristics including age and sex of respondents, family type and size, marital status, and educational attainment of respondents before and after migration are included in social-demographic characteristics. Occupation, income food consumption, and health seeking behaviors are also included in the economic characteristics of Bangladesh.
Background
After marriage, pregnancy is accepted in our country. In many countries, such as Bangladesh, marriage is universal. Typically, in an early marriage there is an early pregnancy. Adolescent marriage can make maternal life troubling in early pregnancy. Early pregnancy can produce maternal and child death. According to the World Health Organization (2012), related to pregnancy and childbirth, approximately 800 women die from preventable causes. Countries such as Bangladesh, 99% of maternal deaths occur. Due to the high rates of early marriage and early pregnancies, countries such as Bangladesh, maternal pregnancy and maternal morbidity is slightly higher than other countries in the world. In Bangladesh, maternal morbidity is increasing due to illnesses and injuries (WHO, 2012). Health practitioners exclaims that adolescent girls are not developed enough to bear a child, which can produce maternal deaths or complications.
Justification
Statement of problem and research issue
In related to childbirth, adolescents' physical development is not fully capable to overcome health complications. For example, a mother who is petite in size and young, is more than likely to deliver a baby that is small, weak, may have possible mental delays, and chances of survival are slim to none. Birth complications, still births, and higher incident rates of low birth weights can happen to children who have adolescent mothers. The percentage of underweight children is about 41.5% of births in Bangladesh. Due to adolescent pregnancy, there is a good number of maternal mortality. According to WHO (2012), women living in Bangladesh, the surrounding rural areas, and poor developing communities, have a higher maternal mortality due to morbidity. It is argued that in young adolescent births, there are higher risks of complications and death than older women who conceive. Maternal mortality is unacceptably high around the world. Around the world, more than 800 women experience death from pregnancy and or child-related birth complications. According to BBS (2007), approximately, 728,000 women died during pregnancy and childbirth and.
Assessment and Analysis of the Overall Situation of Women and Children: Bangl...Premier Publishers
This document provides an overview of the situation of women and children in Bangladesh. It discusses several issues they face such as high maternal mortality, malnutrition, domestic violence, lack of access to healthcare and education, child marriage, and poverty. Several organizations are working to address these challenges. The government and UNICEF are working to increase access to education for girls and provide maternal healthcare. Programs also aim to reduce child marriage and malnutrition. While progress has been made, many women and children in Bangladesh still face significant hardships. More efforts are needed to promote their rights and improve overall living conditions.
The main purpose of this research was to investigate the women pregnancy healthy status and behaviors in Eastern-Azerbaijan province referred to the treatment health centers in 2012. The present study was a cross-section study. So 30
married women between 15-49 years old have been taken up randomly for family adjustment and mother health and pregnancy care. A questionnaire including the demographic features and other questions about the status and behavior of the
pregnancy health affairs were used to collect the results. The obtained data of these questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS software. The results that showed 63.8% had itching or the vaginal stimuli and 34.9% (52 ones) had bad-smelling secretions and
36.9% (55 ones) had intense pain around the abdominal area. The investigation of these infectious diseases through sexual path showed that about 0.5% (3 ones) are challenging with these mentioned disorders. The results of the barrenness showed that about 8.7% (52 ones) tried to get pregnant but they did not get pregnant.
"About 34 million adolescents aged 10-19 constitute 21% of total population of Bangladesh. Early marriage is a social norm in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is second only to Niger in having the highest percentage of adolescent brides in the world.[1]. Early pregnancy is common in Bangladesh. An estimated 2 million births (17% of total births) were attributed to adolescents between the age 15 and 19 in a period of 2005-20101.The fertility rate among the 15-19 years old age group is one of the highest rates, in the world. One of the major challenges in achieving MDG 4 is the slow progress in preventing neonatal deaths, which now account for 57 percent of all under-five deaths and 70 percent of infant deaths. There is strong evidence linking early childbearing with higher perinatal and neonatal death rates", states WHO. therefore now it is the prime time to reduce these incidents of dangerous social behaviours to save future generation- Dr Syeda Zerin Imam. (revised in 2020)
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
A Study on the Attitude of Tribal Woman towards Re Productive Healthijtsrd
Reproductive health covers all matters relating to the reproductive system, at all stages of life. Good reproductive health for women begins in childhood and the teen years. Things such as nutrition, environment, education, income level, and cultural practices influence your reproductive health. Good reproductive health benefits the health and well being of our family. It can improve the social and economic situation of you and our family. And most importantly, it can help make sure that every infant is wanted, loved and has a chance to grow up healthy. The present study concludes that 1 4th 59 of the respondents attitude are neutral, 21percent of the respondent’s attitude are positive, and 19percent of the respondent attitude is negative towards sexual and reproductive health. Dr. Agnes Febiola. X | Saranya. S "A Study on the Attitude of Tribal Woman towards Re-Productive Health" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56237.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/medicine/other/56237/a-study-on-the-attitude-of-tribal-woman-towards-reproductive-health/dr-agnes-febiola-x
The purpose of this research was to investigate the students' attitude and consciousness degree regarding the pregnancy health in 2013 in Eastern-Azerbaijan Province. So, 300 students in different semesters have been taken up as accidentally from Tabriz, Marand, Bonab, Maragheh and Ahar have been taken up in this study. The WHO illustrative questionnaire for interview-questionnaire designed by John Cleland surveys with young people has been applied in this study. The statistical data has been completed by the help of SPSS software and descriptive and t-test statistical cases. The results showed the attitude score from the family adjustment is significantly higher than the determined degree positively. The results showed the sexual diseases are significantly higher than the fixed determined degree positively. Also it showed there is no observed any significant difference between the degree of the conscious and the students' attitude based on their marital status The results did not show any significant difference regarding the degree of the attitude among students.
A STUDY OF EFFECT OF MATERNAL FACTORS INFLUENCING.pptxMeghaAirao
This study examined the effects of various maternal factors on birth weight using data from 653 mother-newborn pairs at a hospital in Ahmedabad, India. The study found that 63% of newborns had a normal birth weight while 37% had low birth weight (<2.5 kg). Maternal age younger than 30, pre-pregnancy BMI lower than 25, anemia, higher birth order, and lower family income were associated with higher rates of low birth weight. The study concluded that improving prenatal care, nutrition, and socioeconomic conditions could help reduce the public health problem of low birth weight.
The document discusses a study that assessed mothers' knowledge regarding the health benefits of birth spacing for mothers and children. The study used a descriptive survey design with 100 mother participants. Most participants were aged 33-39, educated up to higher secondary level, housewives, and had monthly incomes over Rs. 5,001. Most had two children, with birth spacings of 18-24 months and did not use birth spacing methods. Participants received information from doctors, nurses, and mass media. The findings showed that 41% had average knowledge, 33% had good knowledge, and 17% had excellent knowledge regarding birth spacing benefits.
This document summarizes the findings of a youth survey conducted in Sri Lanka. It discusses several key topics:
- Nutrition habits of youth, including that 34% knew benefits of fruits/veggies but many school youth do not have regular breakfast.
- Physical activity levels are low, with under half of males and three quarters of females not doing manual work in the past week.
- Reproductive health issues like teenage pregnancies and knowledge of STIs is a concern, though rates are declining. Substance use like smoking is also an issue.
- Accidents, violence, oral diseases and mental health problems impact many youth as well. Nutrition remains a challenge due to diet choices and pressures
Teenage pregnancy is defined as any pregnancy in girls aged 10-19 by the WHO. This developmental period prepares girls for motherhood. Teenage pregnancy is more accepted in developing countries where girls often marry and get pregnant young. Causes of teenage pregnancy include increased sexuality due to media influences, lack of supervision, and peer pressure to have sex. Many teens also have unprotected sex due to difficulties accessing and using contraception as well as misconceptions about fertility. This can lead to complications for both mother and child such as poor prenatal care, nutritional deficiencies, anemia, preterm birth, low birthweight, maternal and infant mortality. Early motherhood can negatively impact education and psychological development for both mother and child
This will provide mortality pattern of Uttar Pradesh an evidence from NFHS data. And also you will get to learn the basic technical methods on calculating various mortality rate.
Association between obesity and eating patternZack DZ
This study aims to assess obesity rates and eating patterns among office workers and non-office workers at Management & Science University in Shah Alam, Malaysia. It will examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI), eating patterns, and socio-demographic factors like socioeconomic status, education level, and gender. A cross-sectional study will survey 200 respondents, measuring their height, weight, and administering a questionnaire on eating behaviors and socioeconomic characteristics. The study hypothesizes that BMI status and eating patterns will be more strongly associated with socio-demographic factors in office workers compared to non-office workers.
PPT DISCUSSION ON ISSUES OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH.pptxSANCHAYEETA2
The document discusses several key issues related to maternal and child health in India. It notes that while India has experienced rapid economic growth, healthcare remains neglected, especially in rural areas where 50% of villagers lack access to providers. Key health issues include high infant and maternal mortality rates, malnutrition, and lack of access to toilets. The document outlines India's progress in reducing maternal mortality but notes 47,000 mothers still die each year during childbirth largely due to preventable causes like hemorrhage and sepsis. Issues related to maternal age, teenage pregnancy, advanced maternal pregnancy, multigravidas, gender, and gender identity are also discussed in relation to maternal and child health outcomes.
This study aimed to determine factors influencing postnatal monitoring in the Bafang Health District of Cameroon. The study found that women who were informed of postnatal appointment dates by midwives, those who believed the appropriate period for follow-up was 6 weeks postpartum, and those who massaged their abdomen after childbirth were more likely to have knowledge of postnatal follow-up. In contrast, women with no knowledge of the appropriate periods for postnatal consultations were less likely to have knowledge. The study concluded that lack of knowledge about postnatal consultations and traditional practices are factors influencing postnatal follow-up in the district, and increased awareness campaigns are needed.
Adolescent pregnancy continues to be a grave problem in India not only from the obstetrical point of view but from the social and economical perspectives also. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of mortality among women between the ages of 15 and 19 in the developing world.
The relationship between prenatal self care and adverse birth outcomes in you...iosrjce
Birth outcomes refer to the end result of a pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to examine the
relationship between self care practices during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in young women aged 16
to 24 years at a provincial maternity hospital in Zimbabwel. A descriptive corelational design was used. Orem’s
Self Care theory was used to guide the study. Eighty pregnant women were selected using systematic random
sampling and, data was collected using interviews from the 1 March - 31 April 2012. Permission to carry out
the study was obtained from the provincial maternity hospital, the Department of Nursing Science and the
Medical and Research Council of Zimbabwe. Findings revealed such adverse birth outcomes as prematurity
(between 28-32 weeks) 10 (12.5%), still births, 3 (3.75%), low apgar 17 (21.2%) and low birth weight 16 (20%).
Adverse birth outcomes in the mothers included high blood pressure 32 (40%), HIV infection 20 (25%) and post
partum hemorrhage 7 (8.8%) Twenty-four (30%) participants had not booked for antenatal care, 1 (1.8%)
booked for antenatal care at less than 12 weeks while only 1 (1.8%) disclosed her pregnancy at above 29 weeks’
gestation. There was a moderate significant positive correlation between self care practices and adverse birth
outcomes, r=.340. This meant that birth outcomes improved as self care practices increased. Significant R2
. was
.115 meaning self care practices explained 11.5% of the variance observed in birth outcomes. Midwives should
advocate delay in sexual debut in young women to reduce adverse birth outcomes.
The document discusses key components of population dynamics: birth rate, death rate, total fertility rate, and migration. It provides global and Indian statistics on birth rate and death rate. Factors that influence high and low birth rates and death rates are also outlined. The total fertility rate is defined as the average number of children a woman would have over her lifetime. Determinants of high and low fertility rates are listed as well.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Similar to Last assignment of Research Methodology at NSU (20)
Assessment of level of patient satisfaction on medical services at Government...Sumaiya Akter Snigdha
Thesis defence & last presentation of my MPH journey. Alhamdulillah, it was published on "Public Health in Practice".
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535220300367
Ganoderma lucidum, commonly known as Reishi mushroom, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2000 years. It contains various active compounds including polysaccharides, triterpenes, and proteins. Reishi has a wide range of pharmacological actions including cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects. It is considered an "adaptogen" that helps the body adapt to stress and promotes longevity. The monograph provides detailed information on the botany, chemistry, uses, and pharmacological properties of Reishi according to WHO guidelines.
The document provides details about a field visit report submitted by Dr. Sumaiya Akter Snigdha to their supervisor, Dr. Baizid Khoorshid Riaz. The report summarizes Dr. Snigdha's visit to the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR) & National Influenza Center (NIC) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The report describes IEDCR's history, objectives, activities like disease surveillance and laboratory facilities. It also outlines IEDCR's organizational structure and key departments. The field visit helped Dr. Snigdha gain knowledge about IEDCR's role in research, outbreak response, and workforce development in Bangladesh.
This document provides an introduction to critical appraisal and its importance in evaluating research. It then reviews a clinical paper on risk factors for overweight and obesity among school children in Bangladesh. The review summarizes the paper's objectives, study design, population, sampling, variables, analysis, findings and conclusions. It concludes that having overweight parents and engaging in sedentary activities over 4 hours per day increased obesity risk, while home exercise reduced risk. The review also lists some limitations of the paper.
The document provides a summary and critical appraisal of two articles. The first article examines the dietary patterns, nutritional status, and prevalence of anemia among adolescent college girls in Bangladesh. It found poor nutrient intake, high rates of stunting and underweight, and a 23% prevalence of anemia. The second article identifies risk factors for overweight and obesity among urban school-aged children in Bangladesh. It found that having overweight parents and engaging in high amounts of sedentary activity increased obesity risk, while physical activity at home was protective. Both articles are limited by their small sample sizes and limited geographical coverage within Bangladesh.
The World Health Organization STEPwise Approach to Noncommunicable Disease Ri...Sumaiya Akter Snigdha
The World Health Organization STEPwise Approach to Noncommunicable Disease Risk-Factor Surveillance provides a standardized method for collecting and analyzing risk factor surveillance data across countries. It uses repeated cross-sectional household surveys with standardized questions and protocols to monitor risk factors like blood pressure, blood glucose, and tobacco use. While it helps build capacity for risk factor surveillance, challenges include lack of priority and resources for ongoing surveillance in many countries.
This document discusses gender dimensions of HIV/AIDS among young girls in the context of achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It provides background on MDG 6, which aims to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases. It notes that young women ages 15-24 are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection due to various biological and socioeconomic factors. Statistics about HIV prevalence, condom use, and access to treatment in Bangladesh are presented. The document also discusses programs and interventions supported by various organizations to prevent HIV and achieve universal access to treatment.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principlesanaghabharat01
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
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Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations Traumasoft LLC
The benefits of an ePCR solution should extend to the whole EMS organization, not just certain groups of people or certain departments. It should provide more than just a form for entering and a database for storing information. It should also include a workflow of how information is communicated, used and stored across the entire organization.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
Last assignment of Research Methodology at NSU
1.
2.
3. To assess the level of knowledge of receiving quality
care for postpartum depression among peoples who
are living in slum areas in Moghbazar of Dhaka North
City Corporation.
4. Depression affected approximately 350 million people and counted as one of the
leading causes of disability worldwide [1]. Depression is more common in women
than in men and is the main cause of disease burden in developed and developing
countries for women between the ages of 15 and 44 [2, 3]. Historically, pregnancy
is a time of enjoyment and fulfillment for women. However, evidence indicates
that there is an increase in psychiatric morbidity, particularly depression and
anxiety, during this period [4]. Depressive symptoms during pregnancy may have
devastating consequences, not only for the women, but also for the child and
family [5]. Prevalence of depressive disorders in Bangladesh is 4.6 % [6]. A study
was conducted in the Matlab subdistrict of rural Bangladesh. A cohort of 346
women was followed up from late pregnancy to post-partum. A validated local
language (Bangla) version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS-B)
was used to measure depression status at 34-35 weeks of pregnancy and at 6-8
weeks after delivery. The prevalence of Postpartum Depression was 22% [95%
confidence interval (CI) 17.7-26.7%] at 6-8 weeks post-partum[7]. So, It is
important to assess the level of knowledge of receiving quality care for
postpartum depression among peoples who are living in slum areas in Moghbazar
of Dhaka North City Corporation.
5.
6. Study design: Cross-sectional study (descriptive study).
Study site: The study will be conducted in slum areas of
Moghbazar area of Dhaka city. The study site will be selected
purposively because there is no list of slums in Moghbazar area.
Study population: Target population is 15-50 years aged both
male and female.
Study sample and sampling technique: Sample is selected
conveniently because of using probility sampling technique
needs a list of poulation but there is no specific number or list of
slums is present in City corporation office.
7.
8.
9. •Age
•Sex
•Education
•Marital status
•No. of Children
•Age of last child
•Husband-wife relationship
•Relationship with other family members
•Family planning
•Health service availability
•History of child death
10. 1. WHO Report. Fact sheet N0 369 October 2012, available from URL: http://
www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs369/en/
2. Byrn MA. Gestational Diabetes depression and the impact on Maternal Child
Health Outcomes. Dissertations, paper 193. Loyola University Chicago.
Dissertations. Paper (193) Available from URL http://www.researchgate.net/
profile/Mary_Byrn2/publication/254615636_Gestational_Diabetes
_Depression_and_the_Impact_on_Maternal_Child_Health_Outcomes/links/
53e3c6520cf2fb74870dbabc.pdf?disableCoverPage=true&inViewer=1
3. WHO Report. Global Health Observatory Data Women and Mental Health 2012,
available from URl http://www.who.int/gho/women_and_health/diseases_risk_
factors/mental_health_text/en/.
4. Fatoye F, Adeyemi A, Oladimeji B. Emotional distress and its correlates among Nigerian women in late
pregnancy. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2004;24(5):504-509.
5. Alder J, Fink N, Bitzer J, Hosli I, Holzgreve W: Depression and anxiety
during pregnancy: A risk factor for obstetric, fetal and neonatal
outcome? A critical review of the literature. J Maternal-fetal Med 2007,
20:189-209.
6. Firoz AHM, Karim ME, Alam MF. Community based multi-centric
service oriented research on mental illness with focus on awareness,
prevalence, care, acceptance and follow-up in Bangladesh. Manual on
Mental Health for primary health care physicians; NIMH & WHO,2007,
2nd edn
7. Gausia K, Fisher C, Ali M, Oosthuizen J. Magnitude and contributory factors of postnatal depression: a
community-based cohort study from a rural subdistrict of Bangladesh. Psychological Medicine.
2008;39(06):999.