Laser disc was an early optical disc format for playing films that was released in 1978 but failed to gain widespread adoption except in Japan. It was invented in 1958 by David Paul Gregg and was intended to replace VHS and Betamax tapes, but was too expensive due to the high cost of both the discs and players. Laser disc's double-sided format and short playback times per side also contributed to its lack of success compared to cheaper VHS tapes. The last laser disc was released in 2001 in Japan before the format died out completely.