Development Analytics, evidence based research agency for social policy, hosted the Critical Mind of Development Analytics, Prof. Lant Pritchett of Harvard University for a presentation on "Evidence Based Policy Making in the Social Sectors: Using Impact Evaluations to Learn about Performance in the Field" to the Ministry of Development and representatives of other Ministries.
The document provides an overview and synopsis of the book "Limits to Growth: The 30-Year Update". It summarizes the book's conclusions that humanity is dangerously overshooting Earth's limits due to continued population and economic growth over the last 30 years. While some progress was made, the rate of resource consumption and pollution generation has exceeded what is sustainable. The document also briefly describes the World3 computer model used in the book to simulate long-term global trends and limits to growth.
Thomas Malthus was an 18th century British scholar who developed the theory of population arguing that population grows geometrically while food production grows arithmetically, inevitably leading to food scarcity. He believed preventive checks like moral restraint were needed to slow population growth, otherwise population would be kept in check by "positive checks" like famine, disease and war imposed by nature. Malthus also developed the "iron law of wages" which stated that in the long run, wages cannot rise above the subsistence level and will be pushed back down by population growth outstripping food supply.
The document discusses six approaches to political geography: power analysis, historical, morphological, functional, behavioral, and systematic. It focuses on defining and explaining the functional and behavioral approaches. The functional approach studies how political areas function and interact internally and externally. It examines centralizing and decentralizing forces. The behavioral approach identifies space as an independent variable and studies how human behavior is influenced by territorial boundaries and patterns.
Labor based vs Equipment based rural road construction technologySubhash sapkota
This document discusses labor-based technology, which uses mainly human labor and non-mechanical tools for construction projects. A case study from Ramechhap District, Nepal is presented that used labor-based technology for infrastructure projects, generating employment for 1000 people and improving livelihoods through income. The study found benefits including financial gains, local resource use, gender equity, environmental sustainability, and poverty alleviation. Labor-based technology is concluded to be a sustainable approach when there are available workers, local materials, low wages, and lack of heavy equipment.
Definition, Evolution and approaches of cultural geography.RAJKUMARPOREL
Cultural geography is the study of culture and its relationship to place. It examines how cultures are distributed across space and how places and identities are produced. Cultural geography analyzes cultural values, practices, expressions, and artifacts, as well as cultural diversity and plurality. It considers how people make sense of places and develop a sense of place. Cultural geography focuses on cultural components like religion, language, architecture, and more, and how they differ around the world. It aims to understand the relationship between humans and their environments. Cultural geography developed from the work of Carl Sauer at UC Berkeley and emphasizes qualitative analysis over quantitative methods. Today, it includes specialized fields like feminist geography and urban geography.
This document defines cultural diffusion as the process by which cultural characteristics spread across space over time. It identifies two main types of diffusion: expansion diffusion, where an idea develops in one place and spreads outward while remaining strong in the source area; and relocation diffusion, where an idea spreads through the physical movement of people from one place to another. The document provides examples of different patterns of expansion diffusion, including hierarchical, contagious, and stimulus diffusion.
A case study of melamchi water supply project(mwsp)Mahesh Raj Bhatt
The Melamchi water supply project (MWSP) is considered to be the most viable long-term alternative to ease the chronic water shortage situation within the Kathmandu valley . The project is designed to divert about 170 MLD of fresh water to Kathmandu valley from the Melamchi river in Sindhupalchowk district . Augmenting this supply by adding about the further 170 MLD each from the Yangri and Larke rivers which lie in the upstream proximately of Melamchi river .
Project is located in Kathmandu and Sindhupalchowk district in the central development region of Nepal.
The intake site is located in the upper part of the Melamchi river basin about 1 km North West of Dorin village and about 0.5 km south east of Ghawakang village at the elevation of about 1425 m.
The project area stretches from the intake at Melamchi River to the outlet at Sundarijal, about 14 km north east of Kathmandu city.
The MWSP was projected to cost US $464 million in 2000 A.D .Out of which financial separation as GON US $118 million and US $ 346 million for donor agencies.
CONCLUSION:
Nepal government (GON) and melamchi water supply development board(MWSDB) has scheduled its completion date sept-2016. Current contractor Italian company CRC has expected completion date before six month of sept-2016. Melanchi is not a day dream of Kathmandu, because monthly work progress report also proofs its reality that it is possible to complete this project in scheduled time. The date is not so far that people of Kathmandu collect water in there tap.It is too late to be pessimistic by complaining only to politicians and others except own self. There is equal role of everyone who exists in this nation to be alert and carefull about this weak condition of Nepal in civil engineering evolution. Almost half of the Nepalese civil engineers and youth manpower are completely dependent upon foreign, although we and our country have higher potentiality than our current demand in any civil engineering field. So it is compulsory to address these major problems in future projects to innovate in Nepal through civil engineering evolution.
Lee's model of migration proposes that people move due to push and pull factors. Push factors induce people to leave their origin location due to negatives like poverty or instability, while pull factors attract people to destinations that have positives like job opportunities or thriving economies. People evaluate the push and pull factors of different locations along with any intervening obstacles like distance or borders to determine if the factors are strong enough to force or entice migration, or if closer intermediate locations are preferable.
The document provides an overview and synopsis of the book "Limits to Growth: The 30-Year Update". It summarizes the book's conclusions that humanity is dangerously overshooting Earth's limits due to continued population and economic growth over the last 30 years. While some progress was made, the rate of resource consumption and pollution generation has exceeded what is sustainable. The document also briefly describes the World3 computer model used in the book to simulate long-term global trends and limits to growth.
Thomas Malthus was an 18th century British scholar who developed the theory of population arguing that population grows geometrically while food production grows arithmetically, inevitably leading to food scarcity. He believed preventive checks like moral restraint were needed to slow population growth, otherwise population would be kept in check by "positive checks" like famine, disease and war imposed by nature. Malthus also developed the "iron law of wages" which stated that in the long run, wages cannot rise above the subsistence level and will be pushed back down by population growth outstripping food supply.
The document discusses six approaches to political geography: power analysis, historical, morphological, functional, behavioral, and systematic. It focuses on defining and explaining the functional and behavioral approaches. The functional approach studies how political areas function and interact internally and externally. It examines centralizing and decentralizing forces. The behavioral approach identifies space as an independent variable and studies how human behavior is influenced by territorial boundaries and patterns.
Labor based vs Equipment based rural road construction technologySubhash sapkota
This document discusses labor-based technology, which uses mainly human labor and non-mechanical tools for construction projects. A case study from Ramechhap District, Nepal is presented that used labor-based technology for infrastructure projects, generating employment for 1000 people and improving livelihoods through income. The study found benefits including financial gains, local resource use, gender equity, environmental sustainability, and poverty alleviation. Labor-based technology is concluded to be a sustainable approach when there are available workers, local materials, low wages, and lack of heavy equipment.
Definition, Evolution and approaches of cultural geography.RAJKUMARPOREL
Cultural geography is the study of culture and its relationship to place. It examines how cultures are distributed across space and how places and identities are produced. Cultural geography analyzes cultural values, practices, expressions, and artifacts, as well as cultural diversity and plurality. It considers how people make sense of places and develop a sense of place. Cultural geography focuses on cultural components like religion, language, architecture, and more, and how they differ around the world. It aims to understand the relationship between humans and their environments. Cultural geography developed from the work of Carl Sauer at UC Berkeley and emphasizes qualitative analysis over quantitative methods. Today, it includes specialized fields like feminist geography and urban geography.
This document defines cultural diffusion as the process by which cultural characteristics spread across space over time. It identifies two main types of diffusion: expansion diffusion, where an idea develops in one place and spreads outward while remaining strong in the source area; and relocation diffusion, where an idea spreads through the physical movement of people from one place to another. The document provides examples of different patterns of expansion diffusion, including hierarchical, contagious, and stimulus diffusion.
A case study of melamchi water supply project(mwsp)Mahesh Raj Bhatt
The Melamchi water supply project (MWSP) is considered to be the most viable long-term alternative to ease the chronic water shortage situation within the Kathmandu valley . The project is designed to divert about 170 MLD of fresh water to Kathmandu valley from the Melamchi river in Sindhupalchowk district . Augmenting this supply by adding about the further 170 MLD each from the Yangri and Larke rivers which lie in the upstream proximately of Melamchi river .
Project is located in Kathmandu and Sindhupalchowk district in the central development region of Nepal.
The intake site is located in the upper part of the Melamchi river basin about 1 km North West of Dorin village and about 0.5 km south east of Ghawakang village at the elevation of about 1425 m.
The project area stretches from the intake at Melamchi River to the outlet at Sundarijal, about 14 km north east of Kathmandu city.
The MWSP was projected to cost US $464 million in 2000 A.D .Out of which financial separation as GON US $118 million and US $ 346 million for donor agencies.
CONCLUSION:
Nepal government (GON) and melamchi water supply development board(MWSDB) has scheduled its completion date sept-2016. Current contractor Italian company CRC has expected completion date before six month of sept-2016. Melanchi is not a day dream of Kathmandu, because monthly work progress report also proofs its reality that it is possible to complete this project in scheduled time. The date is not so far that people of Kathmandu collect water in there tap.It is too late to be pessimistic by complaining only to politicians and others except own self. There is equal role of everyone who exists in this nation to be alert and carefull about this weak condition of Nepal in civil engineering evolution. Almost half of the Nepalese civil engineers and youth manpower are completely dependent upon foreign, although we and our country have higher potentiality than our current demand in any civil engineering field. So it is compulsory to address these major problems in future projects to innovate in Nepal through civil engineering evolution.
Lee's model of migration proposes that people move due to push and pull factors. Push factors induce people to leave their origin location due to negatives like poverty or instability, while pull factors attract people to destinations that have positives like job opportunities or thriving economies. People evaluate the push and pull factors of different locations along with any intervening obstacles like distance or borders to determine if the factors are strong enough to force or entice migration, or if closer intermediate locations are preferable.
A policy is a set of principles that guides decision making and achieving rational outcomes. Policies are generally adopted by governance bodies and implemented as procedures by senior executives. Policies can assist both subjective and objective decision making, such as work-life balance policies or password policies. Policies differ from rules or laws in that they guide rather than compel behavior. Social welfare refers broadly to conditions like economic resources, contentment, and lack of threats that contribute to well being. A welfare state is a society where the government funds and provides a substantial part of citizens' welfare, such as through social programs, though there is debate around what qualifies.
This document discusses economic development in Suwannee County, Florida. It provides information on the purpose of local economic development and building partnerships to create economic growth. It discusses the importance of project confidentiality. It introduces the Suwannee County Economic Development Office and its goals of diversifying the economy, creating jobs, and improving quality of life. The document outlines several strategic objectives and strategies to make Suwannee County business friendly, develop a positive brand, promote cooperation between cities and the county, and assist municipalities with economic initiatives.
The Shire River Basin project basins as entry pointsNAP Events
The document summarizes the Shire River Basin Management Program which aims to develop a strategic planning framework for managing land and water resources in the basin. It covers the overall design including long term planning over 15+ years, project objectives to improve management, and components including basin planning, catchment management, and water infrastructure. Key sectors like agriculture, energy, and water resources are also summarized with goals, objectives, strategies and priority investments identified.
Road to Lima is a summary of preparations for COP20, the 20th session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC and the 10th session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, which will be held Dec. 1-12 in Lima, Peru.
Max Tse from the National Audit Office presented lessons learned from recent UK welfare reform programmes. Tse discussed challenges with Universal Credit, Personal Independence Payment, and Work Capability Assessment programmes, including costly delays, failings in contractor management, and savings not being achieved as expected. However, some aspects of the Child Maintenance programme went better initially. Tse then summarized preliminary lessons for public sector programmes, including the need to consider wider impacts, align transformation with operating models, manage expectations around specification, address capacity issues, set realistic timelines, phase implementation appropriately, and treat management information as a priority rather than flexibility.
Addressing Food Security In Tanzania - Joint Nutrition Initiative Workshop (Morogoro, Tanzania - March 2014).
A look at how GSC are addressing the issue of Food Insecurity in Tanzania, Africa. The aim of GSC's work is to increase agricultural productivity at a household level and also to improve education and nutrition. As a result, we hope to boost the income and health of rural families. Ultimately, our aim is to reduce the prevalence of hunger & poverty in Tanzania by improving food security.
Project 7 Final Slides Hallward Driemeier PritchettNBER
The document discusses different types of policy uncertainty that affect firms, including intertemporal uncertainty about future policy changes and implementation uncertainty about how existing policies will be applied. It presents evidence that implementation uncertainty matters more to firms and affects their behavior. The evidence includes surveys of firms in Africa where a majority report economic and regulatory policy uncertainty as a major constraint. The document also analyzes how firms undertake actions like spending management time with officials and paying bribes to influence policy implementation and secure more predictable "deals". It finds these "deals" can help firm growth, but more disorderly environments for deals hinders opportunities.
This document discusses public sector reform models and experiences in different countries. It covers the following key points:
- Public sector reform aims to improve how the public sector is managed through structural and process changes. Three common models are managerialism, new public management, and integrated governance.
- Australia and New Zealand have implemented different combinations of these models. Australia focused on the core public service, management improvement, and delivery. New Zealand separated policy and delivery functions and established integrated governance.
- Assessing state fragility is a three-stage process involving using governance data to categorize countries, further examining "marginally fragile" states, and compiling country case studies. Problem-driven iterative adaptation (PDIA)
Every Shilling Counts: Citizens' Perspectives on the National Budget Frame wo...CSBAG
Every Shilling Counts: Citizens perspectives on the National
Budget Framework Paper FY 2014/15, was produced by the Civil
Society Budget Advocacy Group (CSBAG) and presented at the Civil Society Pre-
Budget Dialogue FY 2014/15. The
This document provides information on 22 companies in Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya that are members of the AAA. It lists each company's name, country, AAA member representative, and main products. The companies produce a variety of agricultural goods, including banana wine, sunflower oil, coffee, poultry, honey, fish, chili peppers, maize, beans, and fruits and vegetables.
The document discusses enhancing learning through good design using information and communication technologies (ICT). It addresses some key challenges in learning in the 21st century and how ICT provides opportunities to address these challenges through effective design. Some principles of good design for learning are discussed, including using different media effectively, interactivity, and designing for reuse. Approaches like agile development of learning objects and learning design are presented as ways to capture and share good learning designs.
POLITICAL CAPABILITY BUILDING TRAINING FOR POLITICIANS,TOP LEADERS,PARTY WORKERS,INTELLECTUALS,EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS & STUDENTS.
http://politicalconsultant.net.in
contact.theconsultants@gmail.com
Mob+91-8587067685
Isomorphic mimicry can camouflage be sabotagedMiguel Paz
Lant Pritchett gave this presentation in Chile at Instituto de Políticas Públicas UDP. Link to original source: http://www.politicaspublicas.udp.cl/noticias/detalle.tpl?id=201
This document discusses indicators for monitoring and evaluating projects. It defines indicators as variables used to measure project outputs and impact. Key points made include: indicators are important for defining how effectiveness will be measured, aiding managers assess progress, and providing a basis for evaluation. The document outlines three types of indicators - process, outcome, and impact - and gives examples for a water project. It stresses that good indicators must be precise, reliable, valid, measurable, and practicable.
Keynote: Growth, Structural Transformation and DevelopmentUNU-WIDER
Keynote at The Third Voice of Social Sciences Conference (VSS) on Industrialization and Social Transformation University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 24-25 November 2016
A policy is a set of principles that guides decision making and achieving rational outcomes. Policies are generally adopted by governance bodies and implemented as procedures by senior executives. Policies can assist both subjective and objective decision making, such as work-life balance policies or password policies. Policies differ from rules or laws in that they guide rather than compel behavior. Social welfare refers broadly to conditions like economic resources, contentment, and lack of threats that contribute to well being. A welfare state is a society where the government funds and provides a substantial part of citizens' welfare, such as through social programs, though there is debate around what qualifies.
This document discusses economic development in Suwannee County, Florida. It provides information on the purpose of local economic development and building partnerships to create economic growth. It discusses the importance of project confidentiality. It introduces the Suwannee County Economic Development Office and its goals of diversifying the economy, creating jobs, and improving quality of life. The document outlines several strategic objectives and strategies to make Suwannee County business friendly, develop a positive brand, promote cooperation between cities and the county, and assist municipalities with economic initiatives.
The Shire River Basin project basins as entry pointsNAP Events
The document summarizes the Shire River Basin Management Program which aims to develop a strategic planning framework for managing land and water resources in the basin. It covers the overall design including long term planning over 15+ years, project objectives to improve management, and components including basin planning, catchment management, and water infrastructure. Key sectors like agriculture, energy, and water resources are also summarized with goals, objectives, strategies and priority investments identified.
Road to Lima is a summary of preparations for COP20, the 20th session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC and the 10th session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, which will be held Dec. 1-12 in Lima, Peru.
Max Tse from the National Audit Office presented lessons learned from recent UK welfare reform programmes. Tse discussed challenges with Universal Credit, Personal Independence Payment, and Work Capability Assessment programmes, including costly delays, failings in contractor management, and savings not being achieved as expected. However, some aspects of the Child Maintenance programme went better initially. Tse then summarized preliminary lessons for public sector programmes, including the need to consider wider impacts, align transformation with operating models, manage expectations around specification, address capacity issues, set realistic timelines, phase implementation appropriately, and treat management information as a priority rather than flexibility.
Addressing Food Security In Tanzania - Joint Nutrition Initiative Workshop (Morogoro, Tanzania - March 2014).
A look at how GSC are addressing the issue of Food Insecurity in Tanzania, Africa. The aim of GSC's work is to increase agricultural productivity at a household level and also to improve education and nutrition. As a result, we hope to boost the income and health of rural families. Ultimately, our aim is to reduce the prevalence of hunger & poverty in Tanzania by improving food security.
Project 7 Final Slides Hallward Driemeier PritchettNBER
The document discusses different types of policy uncertainty that affect firms, including intertemporal uncertainty about future policy changes and implementation uncertainty about how existing policies will be applied. It presents evidence that implementation uncertainty matters more to firms and affects their behavior. The evidence includes surveys of firms in Africa where a majority report economic and regulatory policy uncertainty as a major constraint. The document also analyzes how firms undertake actions like spending management time with officials and paying bribes to influence policy implementation and secure more predictable "deals". It finds these "deals" can help firm growth, but more disorderly environments for deals hinders opportunities.
This document discusses public sector reform models and experiences in different countries. It covers the following key points:
- Public sector reform aims to improve how the public sector is managed through structural and process changes. Three common models are managerialism, new public management, and integrated governance.
- Australia and New Zealand have implemented different combinations of these models. Australia focused on the core public service, management improvement, and delivery. New Zealand separated policy and delivery functions and established integrated governance.
- Assessing state fragility is a three-stage process involving using governance data to categorize countries, further examining "marginally fragile" states, and compiling country case studies. Problem-driven iterative adaptation (PDIA)
Every Shilling Counts: Citizens' Perspectives on the National Budget Frame wo...CSBAG
Every Shilling Counts: Citizens perspectives on the National
Budget Framework Paper FY 2014/15, was produced by the Civil
Society Budget Advocacy Group (CSBAG) and presented at the Civil Society Pre-
Budget Dialogue FY 2014/15. The
This document provides information on 22 companies in Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya that are members of the AAA. It lists each company's name, country, AAA member representative, and main products. The companies produce a variety of agricultural goods, including banana wine, sunflower oil, coffee, poultry, honey, fish, chili peppers, maize, beans, and fruits and vegetables.
The document discusses enhancing learning through good design using information and communication technologies (ICT). It addresses some key challenges in learning in the 21st century and how ICT provides opportunities to address these challenges through effective design. Some principles of good design for learning are discussed, including using different media effectively, interactivity, and designing for reuse. Approaches like agile development of learning objects and learning design are presented as ways to capture and share good learning designs.
POLITICAL CAPABILITY BUILDING TRAINING FOR POLITICIANS,TOP LEADERS,PARTY WORKERS,INTELLECTUALS,EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS & STUDENTS.
http://politicalconsultant.net.in
contact.theconsultants@gmail.com
Mob+91-8587067685
Isomorphic mimicry can camouflage be sabotagedMiguel Paz
Lant Pritchett gave this presentation in Chile at Instituto de Políticas Públicas UDP. Link to original source: http://www.politicaspublicas.udp.cl/noticias/detalle.tpl?id=201
This document discusses indicators for monitoring and evaluating projects. It defines indicators as variables used to measure project outputs and impact. Key points made include: indicators are important for defining how effectiveness will be measured, aiding managers assess progress, and providing a basis for evaluation. The document outlines three types of indicators - process, outcome, and impact - and gives examples for a water project. It stresses that good indicators must be precise, reliable, valid, measurable, and practicable.
Keynote: Growth, Structural Transformation and DevelopmentUNU-WIDER
Keynote at The Third Voice of Social Sciences Conference (VSS) on Industrialization and Social Transformation University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 24-25 November 2016
Kilimo Kwanza Investment Presentation To Tanzania Diaspora May 2011 ShamteApollo Temu
The document discusses investment opportunities in agriculture in Tanzania. It outlines Tanzania's agricultural potential, including large amounts of arable land and water resources that are underutilized. It describes recent government initiatives to modernize and commercialize agriculture through programs like Kilimo Kwanza and SAGCOT. These initiatives aim to address constraints, mobilize financing, improve institutions, provide incentives, and develop infrastructure to realize Tanzania's potential and transform the agricultural sector.
An indicator is a tool that provides information about the overall health of the economy or financial markets. Qualitative indicators are non-numerical factors that determine progress toward a goal based on opinions and feelings rather than facts or numbers. An indicator gives a sense of the direction of information, such as whether a group's hope is increasing or decreasing over time, and are used to determine the speed and progress of a process. Qualitative information includes things that can't be measured numerically.
The document discusses how new approaches such as design thinking, systems thinking, and complexity theory represent a paradigm shift from traditional system engineering approaches to enterprise architecture. It argues that viewing architecture work as design can help address "wicked problems" that are complex and ever-changing rather than deterministic. The key aspects of this new paradigm include viewing the business as a complex adaptive system, embracing non-deterministic and exploratory development processes, and promoting autonomy and self-organization over centralized control. Adopting a "design thinking" approach that grounds projects empirically and allows solutions to emerge over time can help practitioners address complex problems in a more effective way.
The Importance Of Environmental QualityAmanda Brady
The document discusses environmental inequalities in urban environments. It argues that while environmental inequalities exist in France, there is a lack of political will to address the issue. The country's historical technical and normative approaches to the environment have hindered recognizing these inequalities. International approaches that link social and environmental issues could provide alternative frameworks for understanding environmental justice. Overall, the document examines how France can better identify and address environmental inequalities in cities.
Hands On China coordinates volunteer opportunities in Shanghai to address social and environmental challenges. It connects locals and foreigners with charities, and supports projects through donations, fundraising, and community development. MBA students also conduct research on sustainability issues in China. Transitioning to more sustainable and responsible practices requires addressing labor conditions, governance, product impacts, and developing strong community relationships internally and externally.
Evaluation serves several key purposes: 1) Accountability to ensure funds are properly spent and activities carried out as planned, 2) Development to measure success, identify improvements, and select effective actions, and 3) Research to build an evidence base and identify cost-effective solutions that can inform policies. Evaluation provides essential information for all stakeholders and helps maximize impact.
The document provides an overview of a SWOT analysis for schools. It explains that a SWOT analysis is a tool that can help schools analyze their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. It discusses how internal strengths and weaknesses relate to factors within a school's control, while external opportunities and threats involve factors outside a school's control. The document provides examples of different strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats a school may want to consider in a SWOT analysis.
1) The document discusses issues with how development aid projects are designed, implemented, and evaluated. It argues that the systems aid seeks to change are complex and dynamic, so rigid plans and measures of success often fail.
2) Common problems include overly mechanistic project design that does not adapt to local needs, defining objectives and targets focused on donor priorities rather than beneficiary needs, and over-engineering monitoring and evaluation tools that miss important impacts.
3) The key message is that development work requires humility, experimentation, and a focus on adaptive learning rather than rigidly implementing pre-determined plans. Metrics and targets should support learning about improving local conditions, not just meeting donor reporting needs.
2010 IFMA DC Sustainability - 2 Shades Of Greenmchobot
Facilities professionals are struggling with balancing environmental impacts and financial impacts. This presentation goes over three key challenges and offers some ideas on how to approach sustainability in a pragmatic way.
This document provides guidelines for developing objectives, results statements, indicators, and results chains for donor funded projects. It discusses selecting objectives, defining activities and their relationship to outputs, outcomes, and impacts. Key points include:
1. Objectives should be prioritized based on factors like organizational capacity and compatibility with donor principles.
2. Activities are actions to achieve objectives, while outputs are short-term effects and outcomes are medium-term changes in beneficiaries.
3. Results statements for outputs, outcomes, and impacts should be SMART, and indicators identified to measure progress toward results.
4. The results chain shows the causal link between inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes and impacts.
Evolution of Family Planning Impact Evaluation: New contexts and methodologic...MEASURE Evaluation
This document discusses the evolution of impact evaluations for family planning programs. It provides historical context on impact evaluations dating back to the 1990s, which primarily used randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs. More recent considerations include theory-based approaches, systems-based approaches, and implementation science to evaluate family planning programs. The document recommends accepting a wide range of evaluation designs that meet but not exceed stakeholder needs.
This document discusses risk management practices in the banking industry. It notes that the pandemic has impacted risk management controls and increased costs. It recommends that banks redesign processes to streamline and automate underwriting, monitoring, and reporting. Short term updates include implementing a plan with check-ins and milestones to track cost reductions. Long term changes involve reorganizing the risk management function and comparing processes and costs to other institutions. The document advocates updating practices to improve efficiency and effectiveness.
it provide you information about public policy, its elements , policy cycle and its importance it also provide you information about problem solving process..These 8 lectures provide you the complete knowledge about public policy analysis.
1. The document discusses different approaches to learning from innovations, including the standard theory of innovation design, implementation, outcomes evaluation, and revision compared to the reality that innovation design and implementation are often combined with unpredicted outcomes.
2. It notes challenges with traditional monitoring and evaluation (M&E) approaches for social sector projects, which are more complex with multiple objectives and stakeholders compared to construction projects.
3. Moving from M&E to learning is suggested to better understand why outcomes vary and how costs and benefits are distributed, using principles like ongoing analysis, stakeholder engagement, and examining unexpected issues and changes in context.
This document discusses approaches to measuring social impact and outcomes. It emphasizes the importance of:
1) Understanding the full story and theory of change behind social initiatives, not just counting outputs.
2) Engaging stakeholders in identifying objectives and indicators to measure performance and impacts on people, the economy and environment.
3) Using measurement as an ongoing process of learning, improvement and accountability rather than just reporting, through tools like social accounting, balanced scorecards and impact mapping.
PDC 2008 Toward participatory organizations.Peter Jones
Presentation for paper: Socialization of practice in a process world: Toward participatory organizations. In Proceedings of Participatory Design Conference 2008, Indiana University, Oct 1-4 2008.
Final final collaborating on outcomes 30 5 12Kerry McCarroll
The Building Change Trust is a 10 year £10 million charitable fund established by the Big Lottery Fund to support change and transformation in the Northern Ireland Community and Voluntary sector. Its vision is for a strong, vibrant, independent and relevant community and voluntary sector in Northern Ireland. The Trust is actively considering its role in supporting impact measurement to help organizations focus on impact, understand achievements, and identify what works to make best use of limited resources.
Organization Development (OD) is a planned process for improving organizational effectiveness. It involves planned interventions using behavioral science knowledge. Common OD interventions include team building, management training, setting goals and measurements. OD aims to increase organizational health by addressing both technical and human aspects of the organization through a collaborative, system-wide change process.
The document provides an overview of a briefing on impact investment from Next Generation Consultants. Some key points:
1) The briefing discusses the need for an impact investment index for Africa that takes into account the complexities of development contexts on the continent. Existing global models of impact measurement are not always applicable.
2) The proposed Impact Investment Index aims to create a shared performance measurement system for social investment and community development organizations to improve coordination, reduce costs, and better assess collective impact.
3) Impact assessments should distinguish between measuring performance, outcomes, and long-term impacts. The ultimate goal is to understand the tangible and intangible effects of investments and determine what changes can be attributed to interventions.
Organization Development (OD) related diagnosis associated with the change in the ORG and the need to ensure that all people, process and technology are aligned. This looks at the need for diagnosis, theg purpose behind and the methods that allow for diagnosis.
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#WenguiGuo#WashingtonFarm Guo Wengui Wolf son ambition exposed to open a far...rittaajmal71
Since fleeing to the United States in 2014, Guo Wengui has founded a number of projects in the United States, such as GTV Media Group, GTV private equity, farm loan project, G Club Operations Co., LTD., and Himalaya Exchange.
Why We Chose ScyllaDB over DynamoDB for "User Watch Status"ScyllaDB
Yichen Wei and Adam Drennan share the architecture and technical requirements behind "user watch status" for a major global media streaming service, what that meant for their database, the pros and cons of the many options they considered for replacing DynamoDB, why they ultimately chose ScyllaDB, and their lessons learned so far.
लालू यादव की जीवनी LALU PRASAD YADAV BIOGRAPHYVoterMood
Discover the life and times of Lalu Prasad Yadav with a comprehensive biography in Hindi. Learn about his early days, rise in politics, controversies, and contribution.
Federal Authorities Urge Vigilance Amid Bird Flu Outbreak | The Lifesciences ...The Lifesciences Magazine
Federal authorities have advised the public to remain vigilant but calm in response to the ongoing bird flu outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu.
projet de traité négocié à Istanbul (anglais).pdfEdouardHusson
Ceci est le projet de traité qui avait été négocié entre Russes et Ukrainiens à Istanbul en mars 2022, avant que les Etats-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne ne détournent Kiev de signer.
Slide deck with charts from our Digital News Report 2024, the most comprehensive exploration of news consumption habits around the world, based on survey data from more than 95,000 respondents across 47 countries.
Christian persecution in Islamic countries has intensified, with alarming incidents of violence, discrimination, and intolerance. This article highlights recent attacks in Nigeria, Pakistan, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq, exposing the multifaceted challenges faced by Christian communities. Despite the severity of these atrocities, the Western world's response remains muted due to political, economic, and social considerations. The urgent need for international intervention is underscored, emphasizing that without substantial support, the future of Christianity in these regions is at grave risk.
https://ecspe.org/the-rise-of-christian-persecution-in-islamic-countries/
17062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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1. Better Social Policy: Design,
Implementation, Evaluation and
Country Cases
Lant Pritchett
Center for Global Development and
Harvard Kennedy School
July 16, 2013
Event sponsored by Development Analytics & Turkey Ministry of Development
2. Overview
• Basics of Accountability (World Development Report
2004)
• Typical tensions between Executive Agencies (e.g.
Planning Ministries) and Line Agencies (e.g. Education,
Health, Labor)
• A new approach to social policy: PDIA (Problem Driven
Iterative Adaptation)
– Problem
– Authorize crawl of the design space
– MeE as learning modality
– Diffusion to scale
3. What is “accountability”?
o Relationship between two entities (person to
person, organization to organization, many
people as collective to organization
leadership, organization to person).
o Usually on-going relationship that creates set
of expectations and consequences for both
parties
o Economists refer to these as “Principal-Agent”
relationships
4. The state
Politicians Policymakers
Providers
Frontline organizations
Citizens/Clients
Non poor Poor
ManagementCoalition/Inclusion Client Power
Long route of accountability
Short route
The Overall Accountability Triangle: Four
Relationships of Accountability
Actions by agents of the State:
Flow of Services
(in transaction intensive service provision)
5. Five Elements of a Relationship of
Accountability (four design, performance is
chosen by agents)
1.Delegation: A specification of what is wanted
2.Finance: A flow of resources from principal to
agent
3.Performance: The agent chooses their
performance based on their capacity and
motivation
4.Information: The performance by the agent
creates some flow of information back to the
principal
5.Enforceability: Based on the information the
principal takes actions that affect the agent
6. What is ‘Accountability’? – Demystifying the Elements
of the Accountability Relations
Delegation
Feature
Financing
Enforcing
Performing
Informing
There are Five Features to Any AccountabilityRelationship
What
You give a task to the
accountable ‘agent’
Example 1:
Buying a Sandwich
You ask for a sandwich
Example 2:
Going to a Doctor
You go to the doctor to
be treated
You give the ‘agent’ the
money to do the task
You pay for the
sandwich
You pay the doctor for
the treatment
The ‘agent’ does the
assigned task
The sandwich is made
for you
The doctor treats you to
try cure your ailment
You find out how well the
‘agent’ has done the work
You eat the sandwich
which informs you of its
quality
You see if you are feeling
better – you assess the
performance of the doctor
You reward good
performance and punish
bad performance
You choose whether to
buy a sandwich from the
seller the next time,
affecting his profits
You go to him next time
(if he was good) or
choose to go somewhere
else if not
7. Typical Tensions in “Compact”
Relationship of Accountability
Element of the “compact”
relationship
Typical weaknesses
Finance Finance flows in a formulaic way (increments off
past budgets) to recurrent (wage bill) and
“projects”
Delegation Delegation is typically against vague and
overambitious outcome targets (e.g. “improve
health of nation’s citizens) plus detailed input
plans for items of expenditure
Information Reporting is on (a) disbursements, (b) input
accomplishments and (c) some outputs and
outcomes but not causally distinguished to
actions taken
Enforceability Line ministries typically have independent power
bases making it very difficult to use “sticks”
8. Isomorphic Mimicry in Snakes
(Remember: Red and black, friend of Jack, Red and Yellow, Kill a Fellow)
“Looking like a State” Pritchett, Woolcock, Andrews (2012)
9. Isomorphic mimicry in flies and in schools: When is a school
just a building and not an education?
Camouflage of looking like a bee
and not a fly is a survival strategy
for a fly….without the bother of
being poisonous
Camouflage of looking like a school—buildings,
teachers, kids in uniform—allows public schools to
survive without all the bother of educating
children
10. Ecosystem for
organizations
Organization
Agents
How Open is
the System?
How is Novelty
Evaluated?
Strategies for
Organizational
Legitimation
within the
Ecosystem
Leadership
Strategies
Front-line
Worker
Strategies
OpenClosed
Enhanced
Functionality
Agenda
Conformity
Isomorphic
Mimicry
Demonstrated
Success
Value Creation
Performance OrientedSelf-
interest
Organizational
Perpetuation
11. Dangers of Isomorphic Mimicry
• Stagnation in capability for innovation by line
ministries as they remain in “compliance”
mode with “more of the same”
• “Best Practice” transplants from other places
without stipulating relevance
• Cost escalation as “new” and “novel”
programs are added without winnowing
12. You cannot beat a turtle into moving ahead
The head has to come out for the
body to move
Public sector organizations can usually
survive “external” attack (e.g. by
planning ministries)…by not moving
13. PDIA (Problem Driven Iterative
Adaptation) as an approach to
building capability of state
organizations while producing
results
14. Four Principles of PDIA
(Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation)
1. Local Solutions for Local Problems
2. Pushing Problem Driven Positive Deviance—
Authorize a crawl of the design space
3. Try, Learn, Iterate, Adapt
4. Scale Learning through Diffusion
This section is based on Andrews, Pritchett and Woolcock 2013 (forthcoming)
15. Good Problem Definition is Key to
Good Solutions
o Agenda for action focused on a locally nominated
(through some process) concrete problem
o Not circular “solution” driven that defines the
“problem” as the lack of a particular input (e.g.
“teacher qualifications”) or process (e.g. “EMIS”)
o Rigorous about measurable goals in the
output/outcome space (e.g. cleaner streets,
numbers of new exports, child learning, better
job retention)—can we know if the problem is
being solved?
16. Examples of the shift: Policing in the
USA
Old Model: Input/process
driven, a good police force:
• Responds to calls
• Closes cases
New Model: Reduce specific and
measurable harms
• Eliminate open air drug
markets (USA)
• Improve treatment of rape
victims at police stations
(South Africa)
Sparrow 2008. The Character of Harms
17. Examples of the shift to “problem driven”:
Workplace safety regulation in Brazil
Old Model: Compliance mode
A “good” agency:
• Carries out regular
inspections of all
workplaces
• Penalizes those not in
compliance with norms
New Model: Goal to actually
reduce worker accidents
• Look at incidence of
accidents and set concrete
outcome goals to reduce
accidents
• Free up agents to work
proactively on accident
reduction
Pires, 2009
18. Pushing Problem Driven Positive
Deviation
o Authorize some agents (not all) to move from process to
flexible and autonomous control to seek better results
o An “autonomy” for “performance accountability” swap
(versus “process accountability”)
o Only works if the authorization is problem driven and
measured and measurable… increase the ratio of “gale
of creative destruction” to “idiot wind”
19. Design policy based on
global “best practice”
Implement according to local constraints
Lower
Outcome
Outcome
Higher
Outcome
Rent Seekers Bureaucrats Innovators
Organizations & Agencies
Policy Makers
Space for
Achievable
Practice
Policies include
process
barriers to
prevent
malfeasance
Process
controls also
prevent
positive
deviations
20. Design policy/project to allow designated
innovators to search for local “Best Fit ”
Internal authorization of positive deviation
Current
outcomes
Worse
outcomes
Rent Seekers Bureaucrats
Designated
Innovators
Policy Makers
Space for
Achievable
Practice
PolicyDeviations
Feedback on Outcomes with
shut down or modification of
failures and/or replication of
successes
Better
Outcomes
21. Authorizing positive deviation
Positive Deviation This isn’t current practice…
o Allow flexibility in
methods against
specified and agreed to
problems
o “Fence breaking”
activities that allow
deviations from process
controls for designated
activities
o Rapid feedback loops to
search over design space
• “Board” culture with lots of
attention to ex ante design
with little scope for innovation
• Risk averse and “scandal
avoidance” culture in which
admitting “failure” is not an
option.
• Little flexibility in process
controls in project preparation
(e.g. safeguards)
• Not a problem of staff but of
structure of organization
governance
22. Try, Learn, Iterate, Adapt:
It’s all about MeE
o Monitoring: mainly internal, about inputs and process controls
(e.g. was budget spent against acceptable items in acceptable
ways)
o experiential learning: Using the process of implementation
itself to provide as tight as possible feedback loops on
implementation
o Impact Evaluation. Evaluation (of the Big E type): mainly ex
post, able to focus on outcomes and outputs and tell “with and
without” project… with a longish time lag for a specific
element of the design space
Pritchett, Samji and Hammer 2012 (forthcoming)
23. A project as a purposive, feedback
informed, crawl of a hyper-
dimensional and potentially complex
design space
• A project is the instance of a class of projects—a “CCT”
or “Road Construction” or “Community Driven
Development” has many design space dimensions.
• The “fitness space” over the design spaces is not well
known
– Can be “interactive” among design elements
– Can be non-linear
– Can be “contextual”
• Limited “external validity”
24. Dimension of design
space of a CCT
PROGRESA, Mexico
(Oportunidades)
Red de Protección Social,
Nicaragua
Malawi
Who is eligible? Poor households (census +
socioeconomic data to
compute an index)
Poor households
(geographical targeting)
District with high poverty
and HIV prevalence
To whom in the household
is the transfer paid?
Exclusively to mothers Child’s caregiver (primarily
mother) + incentive to
teacher
Household and girl
Any education component
to the CCT?
Yes – attendance in school Yes – attendance in school Yes – attendance in school
What are the ages of
children for school
attendance?
Children in grades 3-9, ages
8-17
Children in grades 1–4,
aged 7–13 enrolled in
primary school
Unmarried girls and drop
outs between ages of 13-22
What is the magnitude of
the education
transfer/grant?
90 – 335 Pesos. Depends on
age and gender (.i.e. labour
force income, likelihood of
dropping out and other
factors)
C$240 for school
attendance. C$275 for
school material support per
child per year
Tuition + $5-15 stipend.
Share between parent ($4-
10) and girl ($1-5) was
randomly assigned
How frequently is the
transfer paid?
Every 2 months Every 2 months Every month
Any component of
progress in school a
condition?
No Grade promotion at end of
the year
No
Any health component of
the CCT?
Yes – health and nutrition Yes - health Yes – collect health
information
Who is eligible for the
health transfer?
Pregnant and lactating
mothers of children (0-5)
Children aged 0–5 Same girls
What health activities are
required?
Mandatory visits to public
health clinics
Visit health clinics, weight
gain, vaccinations
Report sexual history in
household survey (self-
report)
Who certifies compliance
with health conditions?
Nurse or doctor verifies in the
monitoring system. Data is
sent to government every 2
months which triggers food
support
Forms sent to clinic and
then fed into management
information system
25. Rugged fitness spaces (illustrated
in an absurdly low-dimensional
case)
Smooth, linear, no interactions
“Rugged” fitness space: returns
depend in non-smooth ways on
location in design space
26. Crawling the design space:
Purposive muddling through
MeE
This is not current
practice…
• Strengthen monitoring on
outputs and outcomes
(where possible)
• Structured experiential
learning feeds back into real
time management and
changes in implementation
• Impact Evaluation is a
supplement to this learning
strategy
• Monitoring is often about
process compliance and inputs
(disbursements)
• There is learning, but informal,
on sparse data, and without
specification of alternatives.
• “Impact evaluation” as the
dominant mode of
organizational learning is too
expensive, too slow, too few
and when “independent”
doesn’t build organizational
capability
27. Examples of PDIA like approaches
• All of the competitive private sector (with “creative
destruction”)—e.g. the rise of Google as the first to put the
pieces together
• Labor regulation in Brazil—worked with the firms with the
most accidents in cooperative mode to change processes
(without cost increases) based on accident data
• KDP (community block grants) in Indonesia, allowed local
governmental agencies to bid for locally designed projects
with processes of decision making, not outcomes
• Labor regulation in Cambodia, built up from case by case
resolution of non-binding arbitration to create “achievable
practice” in labor practices
28. A phased approach of learning (in
practice, not pilots) followed by scale
Authorization of Positive
Deviation:
Heavy of Tinkering to a
Workable Model of
Delivering Outputs
Rigorous Evaluation
of causal model
from outputs to
outcomes
Scaling through
diffusion among
practitioners
29. Role of Social Scientists and Impact
Evaluation
Stage of PDIA
• Problem definition
• Articulation of the design
space
• Tinkering/feedback loops on
implementation
• Rigorous impact evaluation
(from inputs to outcomes)
Role of economists/social
scientists/evaluation
• Measurable outputs and
outcomes (over inputs)
• Consideration of a range of
alternatives drawing on existing
experiences (not “best
practice”)
• Get data into decision making
• Assess the underlying causal
model of inputs to outcomes
(“independent” impact evaluation)
30. Scaling of better practices through
diffusion
• “Cannot juggle without the struggle” or “only learning
is learning”
• If we want to increase organizational practices by
agents in complex practices then agents have to willing
adopt practices as acknowledged to be better
• “Communities of practice” evolve “standard of care” in
an evidence based “thick accountability” mode (e.g.,
not “top down” or “rigorous”)
32. Mode of learning—and behavioral change--must
be adapted to the nature of the activity
Classifications of tasks/activities Learning model or diffusion to scale
changed behavior of implementing
agents
Implementation light policy (including
elite concentrated services)
Professionalized best practice
Logistics Top down (perhaps technologically
imbedded)
Implementation Intensive Service
Delivery
Horizontal diffusion in a community of
practice
Implementation Intensive Imposition
of Obligation
Wicked Hard Leadership followed by move into IISD
or IIIO above
33. The practice of delivery
Scaling through horizontal
diffusion
This is not current
practice…
• People adopt changed
practices by being
convinced it is better by
learning from their own or
trusted source experience
• “Problem focus” allows
learning to be
contextualized
• Not the ontological kind of
thing of which there can be
a “science” but can be
improved practices
• Search for “best practice”
which can be easily
replicated.
• A search for evidence of
“what works” that is
“rigorous”—but without
external validity
• “Top down” learning so that
“leaders” innovate and
“followers” follow
34. In summary: how PDIA differs
“Big D”
(e.g. WB, agencies)
“small d”
(e.g. NGOs)
PDIA
What
drives
action
Solutions (“institutional
mono-cropping”, “best
practice”, AMTTBP)
Solutions (variety of
antidotes – e.g.
“participation”
“community driven”)
Problem Driven—looking to
solve particular problems
Planning
for action
Lots of advance planning
(implementation of
secondary importance)
Boutique, starting
very small with no
plans for scale
Authorization of positive
deviation, purposive crawl of
the design space
Feedback
loops
Monitoring (short, on
financing and inputs) and
Evaluation (long feedback
loop on outputs, maybe
outcomes)
Casual, geared to
advocacy not learning
MeE: integration of rigorous
“experiential” learning into
tight feedback loops
Scale
Top-down—the head learns,
implementation is just
muscle (“political will”)
Small is beautiful…
Or, just not logistically
possible
Diffusion of feasible practice
across organizations and
communities of practitioners
35. More details at…
• Matt Andrews, Lant Pritchett and Michael Woolcock
(2012) ‘Escaping capability traps through Problem-
Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA)’ Working Paper No.
299, Center for Global Development (forthcoming in
World Development)
• Lant Pritchett, Michael Woolcock and Matt Andrews
(2013) ‘Looking like a state: techniques of persistent
failure in state capability for implementation’ Journal
of Development Studies 49(3): 1-18
• Lant Pritchett, Salimah Samji and Jeffrey Hammer
(2012) ‘It’s all about MeE: using structured experiential
learning (‘e’) to crawl the design space’ Working Paper
No. 104, WIDER (December 2012)