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Language_Acquisition_Theories_Behaviorism
- 1. Language Acquisition Theories Behaviorist,Cognitive, Input Hypothesis, and Sociocultural Perspectives
- 2. Overview • • Multipleperspectives explain how languages are acquired • • Behaviorist: imitation, practice, reinforcement • • Cognitive: mental processing, rule formation • • Input Hypothesis: comprehensible input (Krashen) • • Sociocultural: interaction, scaffolding, ZPD
- 3. Behaviorist Theory • •Language as learned behavior • • Key concepts: stimulus-response, reinforcement • • Influence: Audiolingual Method • • Example: substitution drills, immediate correction
- 4. Cognitive Approaches • •Language tied to mental processes • • Rule formation and overgeneralization (e.g., 'goed') • • Usage-based learning and frequency effects • • Example: learners notice patterns and restructure knowledge
- 5. Krashen’s Input Hypothesis •• Acquisition occurs with comprehensible input (i+1) • • Learning ≠ acquisition; Monitor model • • Affective Filter blocks input under stress/anxiety • • Examples: extensive reading, sheltered content lessons
- 6. Sociocultural Theory • •Language as a socially mediated process • • Vygotsky’s ZPD and scaffolding • • Interaction, negotiation, collaborative dialogue • • Example: jigsaw tasks, peer tutoring
- 7. Integrating Theories • •Behaviorist: useful for drills and practice • • Cognitive: explains internal processing • • Krashen: emphasizes comprehensible input • • Sociocultural: highlights interaction • • Integrated approach = most effective
- 8. Conclusion • • Nosingle theory explains everything • • Input, cognition, practice, and interaction all matter • • Teachers should combine insights for effective instruction
Editor's Notes
- #2 Teacher Prompt: Begin by asking students: 'How do you think people learn a new language? Through memorization, practice, or social interaction?'
- #3 Speaker Notes: Explain Skinner’s view of language as verbal behavior. Ask students: 'Have you ever memorized phrases through repetition? Did it help you?'
- #4 Speaker Notes: Highlight that errors like 'mouses' show learners are applying rules. Teacher Prompt: 'Can you think of an error you made in English that actually shows learning?'
- #5 Speaker Notes: Stress importance of comprehensible input. Teacher Prompt: 'What makes language input easy or difficult for you to understand?'
- #6 Speaker Notes: Explain how interaction promotes learning. Teacher Prompt: 'Have you learned something better when a peer explained it to you?'
- #7 Speaker Notes: Summarize by showing complementarity. Teacher Prompt: 'Which approach do you think is most important in learning English today?'
- #8 Speaker Notes: Reinforce that a holistic, integrated approach best supports learners. End by inviting students’ reflections on their own learning experiences.