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Theories of Second Language Acquisition.
- 1. Behaviorisim theory What isabout? Useful elements Elements have been discard • •Repetition could help to improve the pronunciation of SL. • •Context or external stimulus could help to acquire language faster in case of being in the native country. • •SLA is pretty similar to L1. • •Repetition o grammar structures or content could not be good to acquire SL because the learner is not going to have that necessary input. • •Punishment is going to develop demotivation for the learner. • •Learning is not just an external stimulus we have to take into account the mental process which this theory denies.
- 2. Universal grammar Linguistic theory interlanguage Languageacquisition device Useful elements Elements have been discard Useful elements Useful elements Elements have been discard Elements have been discard Our acquisition of L1 could help the learning of SL because we already have a based grammar. • We could not have a grammar system already in our minds, because the experience makes learning too. The theory said that this is only works in an informal context but no because our L1 in kinder garden is like we were learning uncouncious Is true that stages to learn L1 are similar to learn L2 but not the same, however we have the based to learn • Is true that SLA follow some stages and is important that those stages depends of context. • Fossilization is useful in this theory too Not find any
- 3. Monitor theory Useful elements Elementshave been discard • The input is something really necessary because if learner don’t understand the message so the learning process it’s going to be wrong. • Affective filter is also useful because we have to take into account the feeling of our students in that way they going to feel motivate. • The level of our students is a useful element, because give to the student a easier learning process. • When learner is in an informal context is not an artificial classroom because sometimes the language is not going to be acquire with profiency. • There is not a prove which say that there is a relation between filter and learning
- 4. Skill Acquisition theory SpeelmanDekeyser Skill acquisition is a form of learning where skilled behaviors can become routinized and even automatic Claim of SAT learning wide of variety skills shows remarkable from initial changes in behavior to eventual fluent. Is a general theory of learning ranging form cognitive to phychomotor skills. (Mystwaska,Wiertelak and Pawlak, 2012). Knowledge Declarative Procedural Concious knowledge of facts Unconcious knowledge Explicit learning Implicit learning process
- 5. Important Concepts Skill Automaticity Abilityto do rather than underlying competence or mental representation (Dekeyser, 2007) The transition between attentive to automatic model. Priming Cognitive repetition phenomenon in which prior exposure forms facilities speakers subsequent language processing.( Macdonouth,2013) Cognitive Associative Autonomous Learner memorize a set of facts relevants Connection among elements required for successful performance Learner perform the skill better rapidly automaticity Practice Practice given task gradually decreases reaction time and errors.
- 6. Input, Interaction and outputin SLA This integrate construct interaction hypotesis Susan M Gass and output in SLA Input interaction feedback and output in SLA SLA by learner’s production, feedback Try to explain
- 7. Socio cultural theory ByVygotsky Interpersonal: Among people BASICS 1.Types of interaction Intrapersonal: When you talk in your mind with yourself 2. Zone of proximal development 3. Scaffolding: the help you need to learn usually stages 4. Mediation: mediated by other social elements
- 8. Socio cultural theory ByVygotsky Interpersonal: Among people BASICS 1.Types of interaction Intrapersonal: When you talk in your mind with yourself 2. Zone of proximal development 3. Scaffolding: the help you need to learn usually stages 4. Mediation: mediated by other social elements
- 9. Complexity theory A patternemerges from the interaction of several ( Larsen- Freeman, 2017) Complex is not complicated Have components that interact with each others. Features 1. Non- linear 2. Interactive 3. Adaptative 4. Unpredictable/ uncertainty 5. Self organized 6. Dynamic Learning activities 1. Topics presented from different topics and media. 2. Learners need to use languages for their own purposes. 3. Teach students adaptation. Students are evaluated comparing their individual progress. 4. Students choose their focus even if they are in the same learning process. 5. Holistic view. See the connections.
- 10. Effective learning theory The exposureand interaction with people who speaks English is so important By Paola Cristancho, 2021 Features Learning is a process This process depends of learner’s age • Babies • Child • Teenagers • Adults When you acquire a lexical competence the input in the language it would be easier When you are going to acquire a Second language is important to know that all of the sentences structures are made by words, reason why is important to learn vocabulary and teach vocabulary structuration with the develop of the grammar. Motivation is going to have a main role in the acquisition of the language Develop your skills • Interpersonal • Intrapersonal • Environment devices(technology)