The document discusses language areas in the brain and different types of aphasia. It outlines four key language areas in the cortex: Broca's area for speech production, Wernicke's area for understanding, the motor cortex for muscle movement, and the arcuate fasciculus for connecting fibers. It also notes that the left hemisphere is dominant for language while the right hemisphere is for multi-tasking, visual-spatial skills, emotions, and music. There are three main types of aphasia: Broca's aphasia affects speech production, Wernicke's aphasia causes fluent but nonsensical speech, and the critical period hypothesis suggests there is a small window from ages 0-

1. LANGUAGE AND THE BRAIN
BY: LOGAN SHADDEN

2. LANGUAGE AREAS IN THE BRAIN
(KEY AREAS IN THE CORTEX)
• #1: Broca’s area (Speech production)
• #2: Wernicke’s area (Understanding)
• #3: Motor cortex (Muscle movement)
• #4: Arcuate Fasciculus (Connecting fibers)

3. LEFT VS. RIGHT
Left Hemisphere
• –Language
• Sequential analysis
-Problem Solving
-Analytical
Right Hemisphere
• – Multi-Tasking
Visual-Spatial skills
-Emotions
-Music

4. THREE MAJOR TYPES OF
APHASIA
• Aphasia-An impair of language
ability. Ranges from difficulty
remembering words /being
unable to speak, read, or write.
Broca’s Aphasia/Area
Paul Broca-1864
If extensive, not much recovery over time
– Broca’s area:
left hemisphere
Effects of Broca’s Aphasia
Trouble with prepositions/pronouns
Trouble with morphology (e.g. -ed, -s)
Difficulties forming sentences / understanding
complex ones (passives)
Wernicke’s Aphasia/Effects
Karl Wernicke in 1874
“Fluent; Non-intelligible” “Word Salad”
-Lexical/Paraphasial errors
-Empty Sentences/Cannot Repeat
words/sentences
-cannot understand what they read and hear

5. THE CRITICAL PERIOD HYPOTHESIS
What Is the Critical
Period Hypothesis?
• – Small window of
time first language to
be natively acquired:
0-6 (Optimal)
Post-Critical Period
Post 0-6, rapidly compromised.
Typically permanently incapable of
mastering the full grammar of language
post-puberty