Aphasia is a language disorder resulting from damage to brain areas associated with speech and comprehension, often due to stroke or brain injury. The three main types are Broca's aphasia, which affects speech production; Wernicke's aphasia, which impacts comprehension; and global aphasia, which combines symptoms of both. Broca's area and Wernicke's area are critical for language processing, with their communication facilitated by the arcuate fasciculus.

1. Hedyie Mashhadi
Lnaguage
Broca's aphasia,

2. Aphasia
 Aphasia happens when a part of the brain associated with
language (the frontal lobe, the temporal lobe, or the
parietal lobe) is damaged. It is most common after a
stroke but can also be caused by a traumatic brain injury,
a brain tumor, or an infection of the brain.
 The three main types of aphasia, which involve trouble
speaking, writing, or understanding language, include
Broca's, Wernicke's, and global aphasia.

3. Broca's aphasia
working of first type of aphasia
Not being able to understand language perfectly
No motor deficits of tongue or mouth
Repeating words and phrases over and over
Be able to whistle , isolated words or a melody
Not being able of creating complex grammar or sentence or
writing ideas
Broca studied 8 patients with lesions in brain and in all of
them the lesion was located in heft cerebral hemisphere
=> we speak with left hemisphere !

4. Wernicke’s aphasia
working of 2 type of aphasia
 Failure of comprehension rather than speech
 Be able to form words
 String together words that don't make sense (logorrhea)
 Use words that are unrecognizable
 Have difficulty repeating words back to someone

5. Major areas of cerebral cortex involved
in language
 A. The four lobes of the cerebral cortex. The motor and somatic sensory areas
of the cortex are separated by the central sulcus.
 B. Areas involved in language. Wernicke’s area processes auditory input for
language and is important for understanding speech. It lies near the primary
auditory cortex and the angular gyrus, which combines auditory input with
information from other senses. Broca’s area controls the production of
intelligible speech. It lies near the region of the motor area that controls the
mouth and tongue movements that form words. Wernicke’s area
communicates with Broca’s area by a bidirectional pathway, part of which is
made up of the arcuate fasciculus

7. Third types of aphasia : known as “global aphasia”
Global aphasia after a stroke occurs when the brain damage is so
widespread that it involves more than one left-hemisphere language
area, leading to both Broca's and Wernicke’s aphasia symptoms.
Problems speaking or repeating words
Severe difficulty with understanding words, sentences, and concepts
Inability to read or write