The document discusses how landforms are dynamic and change over time due to natural and human-caused processes. It analyzes data from micro-erosion meters that measured the lowering of rock surfaces over periods ranging from 2 to 32 years in various locations in Australia. The results showed that rates of lowering varied significantly between different landforms and were influenced by climate, with tropical karst lowering faster than sub-alpine karst. Individual landforms like karst streams could lower by over 2 meters in 1000 years. These findings provide context for geomorphological processes and identifying areas with high rates of change, with implications for understanding geoheritage and informing land management.

1. Landforms are not static – geodiversity & geoheritage in a changing world Stephen Swabey, Dingle Smith Andy Spate, Dave Lambert Linnean Society meeting, 6-10 September 2010

4. Locations – NSW Buchan Bouddi Mutawintji Yengo Brisbane Water Ku-ring-gai Chase Jenolan Kosciuszko Wombeyan New South Wales Ginninderra

5. Locations - WA Geikie Gorge Windjana Gorge Tunnel Creek Napier Ra. Oscar Ra. DERBY Western Australia FITZROY CROSSING

9. Rates of Lowering – Sub-alpine karst Cooleman Plain 1978-2010 (mm/1,000 years) 16.4 7.8 9.1 20.3 48.8 Solution ripples Bedrock (convex) Bedrock (concave) Cave stream Sinking stream Kosciuszko National Park

10. Rates of Lowering – Sub-alpine karst Yarrangobilly 1978-2010 (mm/1,000 years) 18.4 9.7 13.9 93.5 7.4 Solution flutes Bedrock (convex) Bedrock (concave) Kamenitza Bedrock (litter covered) Kosciuszko National Park

13. Rates of Lowering – Tropical seasonally moist karst 2008 – 2010 (mm/1000 years) 47.4 32.3 24.2 20.5 45.6 Napier Range, Oscar Range 44.7 37.6 Fore reef Reef crest Back reef Fore reef Vertical run-on Kamenitza Reef crest (micritic)

14. Rates of Lowering – Tropical seasonally moist karst 1988 – 2010 (mm/1000 years) 98.7 85.6 70.0 50.9 49.7 64.9 Pediment Creek bed Pediment Buried (soil) Pediment Kamenitza Pediment Napier Range 2494

16. Sydney Basin Sandstone archaeological sites 1978-1983/6 (mm/1,000 years) 309 9.9 15.0 49.7 35.9 Bouddi- Milligans Bulgandry Burragurra NW Ridge Daley’s Point rock shelter (1978-2010) Sydney basin sandstone

17. Ginninderra 1979-2010 (mm/1000 years) 5.1 5.6 4.3 6.8 9.9 23.9 Yarrangobilly Wombeyan Buchan Bungonia Mt Gambier 5-year Nullabor Cooleman Ginninderra Rock Garden Mt Gambier 100 year Wilsons 2.9 4.7 4.7

20. Comparing all rates of lowering… 9.9 98.7 37.6 5.1 5.6 4.3 6.8 23.9 Ginninderra Rock Garden 2.9 4.7 4.7 309 9.9 15.0 49.7 35.9 Sydney basin sandstone 2494 85.6 70.0 50.9 49.7 64.9 Napier Range 47.4 32.3 24.2 20.5 45.6 Napier Range, Oscar Range 44.7 7.4 18.4 9.7 13.9 93.5 Yarrangobilly 16.4 7.8 9.1 20.3 48.8 Cooleman Plain