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Mebendazole
Mebendazole is a drug used to treat infections caused by various nematodes (roundworms). It works by inhibiting the formation of microtubules in worms and depleting their glucose levels. Mebendazole is typically used as a single 100mg dose or twice daily doses for 3 days to treat infections like pinworm, roundworm, and hookworm. Common side effects are mild and include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Mebendazole is contraindicated in pregnancy and those hypersensitive to it, and safety in young children is not established.
Ceftriaxone drug profile, drug club ppt
Ceftriaxone is a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic available in injectable and powder formulations. It has broad spectrum activity against gram-negative bacteria and some gram-positive bacteria. Ceftriaxone is well absorbed and widely distributed in the body with good penetration into tissues and fluids. It is partially metabolized in the liver and primarily excreted unchanged in the urine. Common indications include respiratory infections, meningitis, bone/joint infections, and intra-abdominal infections. Side effects include GI issues, hematologic effects, and hypersensitivity reactions. Dosing is 1-2g daily via IV or IM route. Drug interactions and precautions are noted with aminoglycosides, prob
Diazepam
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine used to treat status epilepticus and convulsive disorders by increasing the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. It is metabolized in the liver and has a high oral bioavailability. Common side effects include sedation, drowsiness, and respiratory depression. Diazepam levels can be affected by interactions with other CNS depressants, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and CYP3A4 inhibitors. Improving communication between healthcare professionals through team-based rounding and establishing treatment plans can help ensure patient safety.
Prednison
Prednisone is a steroid medication used to treat conditions caused by inflammation and reduce the immune system's response. It works by suppressing the production of antibodies to stabilize an overactive immune system. Prednisone should be taken as directed by a doctor and requires a gradual reduction in dosage before stopping to avoid withdrawal effects. Common side effects include insomnia, nausea, fatigue, and increased hunger. Those taking prednisone should avoid sources of infection and get approval from their doctor before receiving immunizations or taking other medications due to interaction risks.
PANTOPRAZOLE IV
Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat GERD, erosive esophagitis, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It works by inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium ATPase pump in the stomach's parietal cells to suppress gastric acid secretion. Common side effects include headache, diarrhea, and nausea. Pantoprazole has drug interactions with atazanavir, ceritinib, dipyridamole, ketoconazole, and methotrexate that require dose adjustments or alternative treatment. Overdose symptoms include hypoactivity, ataxia, and tremors, treated with supportive care and discontinuing the drug.
Metoclopramide Midication
Metoclopramide is a prokinetic agent that increases stomach and upper intestine movements. It is used to treat certain stomach problems, nausea, and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. Metoclopramide works by antagonizing dopamine, stimulating upper GI tract motility, and accelerating gastric emptying and intestinal transit. It is available as tablets, injections, and oral solutions. Common uses include nausea and vomiting in adults, diabetic gastroparesis, GERD, and preventing postoperative nausea. Usual dosing is 15-30mg per day divided into three doses with at least 6 hours between doses.
Frusemide
Furosemide is a loop diuretic used to treat fluid retention caused by conditions like heart failure and liver disease. It works by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, which increases sodium and water excretion through urine. Common brands include Lasix. It has a fast onset of 30-60 minutes when taken orally and a duration of action of 6-8 hours. Adverse effects can include electrolyte imbalances and dehydration, so caution is needed in patients with renal or liver impairment. Drug interactions can occur with other diuretics, NSAIDs, and some antibiotics.
Steroids and anabolic steroids
The document discusses corticosteroids and anabolic steroids. Corticosteroids are produced in the adrenal cortex and include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. They regulate processes like stress response, immune response, and inflammation. Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone that promote muscle and bone growth. Both have important therapeutic uses but also carry health risks with prolonged or improper use such as infections, liver damage, and psychological side effects.
Recommended
Mebendazole
Mebendazole is a drug used to treat infections caused by various nematodes (roundworms). It works by inhibiting the formation of microtubules in worms and depleting their glucose levels. Mebendazole is typically used as a single 100mg dose or twice daily doses for 3 days to treat infections like pinworm, roundworm, and hookworm. Common side effects are mild and include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Mebendazole is contraindicated in pregnancy and those hypersensitive to it, and safety in young children is not established.
Ceftriaxone drug profile, drug club ppt
Ceftriaxone is a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic available in injectable and powder formulations. It has broad spectrum activity against gram-negative bacteria and some gram-positive bacteria. Ceftriaxone is well absorbed and widely distributed in the body with good penetration into tissues and fluids. It is partially metabolized in the liver and primarily excreted unchanged in the urine. Common indications include respiratory infections, meningitis, bone/joint infections, and intra-abdominal infections. Side effects include GI issues, hematologic effects, and hypersensitivity reactions. Dosing is 1-2g daily via IV or IM route. Drug interactions and precautions are noted with aminoglycosides, prob
Diazepam
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine used to treat status epilepticus and convulsive disorders by increasing the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. It is metabolized in the liver and has a high oral bioavailability. Common side effects include sedation, drowsiness, and respiratory depression. Diazepam levels can be affected by interactions with other CNS depressants, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and CYP3A4 inhibitors. Improving communication between healthcare professionals through team-based rounding and establishing treatment plans can help ensure patient safety.
Prednison
Prednisone is a steroid medication used to treat conditions caused by inflammation and reduce the immune system's response. It works by suppressing the production of antibodies to stabilize an overactive immune system. Prednisone should be taken as directed by a doctor and requires a gradual reduction in dosage before stopping to avoid withdrawal effects. Common side effects include insomnia, nausea, fatigue, and increased hunger. Those taking prednisone should avoid sources of infection and get approval from their doctor before receiving immunizations or taking other medications due to interaction risks.
PANTOPRAZOLE IV
Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat GERD, erosive esophagitis, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It works by inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium ATPase pump in the stomach's parietal cells to suppress gastric acid secretion. Common side effects include headache, diarrhea, and nausea. Pantoprazole has drug interactions with atazanavir, ceritinib, dipyridamole, ketoconazole, and methotrexate that require dose adjustments or alternative treatment. Overdose symptoms include hypoactivity, ataxia, and tremors, treated with supportive care and discontinuing the drug.
Metoclopramide Midication
Metoclopramide is a prokinetic agent that increases stomach and upper intestine movements. It is used to treat certain stomach problems, nausea, and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. Metoclopramide works by antagonizing dopamine, stimulating upper GI tract motility, and accelerating gastric emptying and intestinal transit. It is available as tablets, injections, and oral solutions. Common uses include nausea and vomiting in adults, diabetic gastroparesis, GERD, and preventing postoperative nausea. Usual dosing is 15-30mg per day divided into three doses with at least 6 hours between doses.
Frusemide
Furosemide is a loop diuretic used to treat fluid retention caused by conditions like heart failure and liver disease. It works by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, which increases sodium and water excretion through urine. Common brands include Lasix. It has a fast onset of 30-60 minutes when taken orally and a duration of action of 6-8 hours. Adverse effects can include electrolyte imbalances and dehydration, so caution is needed in patients with renal or liver impairment. Drug interactions can occur with other diuretics, NSAIDs, and some antibiotics.
Steroids and anabolic steroids
The document discusses corticosteroids and anabolic steroids. Corticosteroids are produced in the adrenal cortex and include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. They regulate processes like stress response, immune response, and inflammation. Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone that promote muscle and bone growth. Both have important therapeutic uses but also carry health risks with prolonged or improper use such as infections, liver damage, and psychological side effects.
Pharmacology of Ondansetron (Zofran)
Pharmacological Classification, Mechanism of Action, Clinical Uses, Administration Routes, Dosing for Adults and Pediatrics, Pharmacokinetics, Dose Adjustments, Patient Counseling, Adverse Effects, Drug Interactions, Contraindications, Personal Experience with Ondansetron, Future Clinical Uses of Ondansetron
Antiscabies agents
Antiscabies agents such as lindane 1%, ivermectin, and permethrin are used to control the mite Sarcoptes Scabei, which thrives in conditions of poor hygiene. Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic that binds to glutamate-gated chloride channels in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells, causing paralysis and death of the parasite. It is indicated for onchocerciasis, filariasis, strongyloidiasis, and Norwegian scabies but has contraindications for children under 5, severe illness, pregnancy, and nursing mothers. Common side effects include abdominal pain, fatigue, diarrhea, nausea,
Drug presentation on diazepam
This document provides information on the drug Diazepam. It introduces Diazepam as a benzodiazepine drug first marketed as Valium, used to treat nervousness, muscle spasms, and seizures during pregnancy. The document summarizes Diazepam's trade names, dosage routes, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, indications, contraindications, side effects for both mother and fetus, nursing responsibilities, and concludes that Diazepam is a benzodiazepine that works by enhancing neurotransmitters in the brain to treat anxiety and alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
Nifedipine (procardia)
This document discusses preeclampsia and gestational hypertension, conditions that occur during pregnancy involving high blood pressure. It also discusses nifedipine (Procardia), a calcium channel blocker prescribed to treat hypertension during pregnancy and postpartum. The key effects of nifedipine are relaxing blood vessels to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure. Common side effects and drug interactions are presented. Guidelines are provided for monitoring patients on nifedipine during the postpartum period.
Aspirin (drug presentation) for medical students .
The document is a presentation on aspirin submitted by a nursing student. It provides information on aspirin including what it is, its dosages and routes of administration, its actions and indications, contraindications, side effects, and nursing considerations for its use. It also includes information on teaching the patient about aspirin and lists some references used in preparing the presentation.
Voveran (Generic Diclofenac Sodium Tablets)
Voveran (Generic Diclofenac Sodium Tablets) is used for relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis, for relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and for acute or long-term use in the relief of signs and symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals.
Gentamicin
This document provides information on various gentamicin injection products available in Pakistan made by different pharmaceutical companies. It discusses gentamicin's mechanism of action as an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria. It also provides dosing, administration, contraindications and precautions for gentamicin treatment. The document then shifts to discussing cloxacillin products in Pakistan and information about cloxacillin as a penicillinase-resistant penicillin antibiotic.
Presentation On ‘‘Esomeprazole’’
Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease and other acid-related conditions. It works by blocking the final step of acid production in the stomach. It is indicated for GERD, erosive esophagitis, risk reduction of NSAID-associated ulcers, H. pylori eradication, and duodenal/gastric ulcers. Esomeprazole is contraindicated in those with known hypersensitivity. It is unlikely to pose teratogenic risk during pregnancy but should only be used if benefits outweigh risks. It is excreted in breastmilk so discontinuation should be considered based on importance to mother. Common side effects include
Furosemide DRUG PROFILE
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that works by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, leading to increased excretion of sodium, chloride, calcium, and water from the body. It is commonly used to treat fluid retention, edema, and hypertension. Some key points are that it acts more rapidly than thiazide diuretics, can be used in patients with renal impairment, and causes diuretic effects within 0.5-1 hour when taken orally. Common side effects include hypokalemia, hypomagnesaemia, and ototoxicity when combined with other drugs.
Pantoprazole
Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to reduce stomach acid and treat conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease. It works by irreversibly binding to the hydrogen-potassium ATPase enzyme in the stomach walls to suppress acid production. Pantoprazole has good oral bioavailability and reaches peak levels within 2-4 hours. It is generally well-tolerated, with common side effects including headache and abdominal pain. Long-term use has been associated with risks of bone fracture and hypomagnesemia. Pantoprazole dosing depends on the condition being treated, with recommended durations ranging from 8 weeks to indefinite maintenance therapy.
Ceftriaxone
Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis and has concentration-independent bactericidal activity. It is administered via intramuscular or intravenous injection, distributes well throughout the body including cerebrospinal fluid, and has a half-life of 7-8 hours. Common indications include lower respiratory, urinary tract, and abdominal infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Notable adverse effects include phlebitis, gastrointestinal upset, and skin reactions.
Metronidazole.ppt
A nitroimidazole antibiotic used particularly for;
Anaerobic bacteria &
Protozoa
Its an antimicrobial drug which is highly active against;
Anaerobic bacteria
Some protozoa
Amoeba
Thus metronidazole is an;
Antibiotic drug
Ameobicide
Antiprotozoal
Its common trade name is Fragyl in USA & Uganda
Tinidazole is similar to metronidazole but with a long duration of action
Diuretics II
This document discusses different classes of diuretics. It begins by classifying diuretics as high ceiling, medium efficacy, or weak/adjunctive. It then describes the mechanisms and uses of various weak diuretics, including carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like acetazolamide, osmotic diuretics, potassium sparing diuretics, and renal epithelial sodium channel blockers. It discusses how each works and their potential adverse effects and drug interactions. The document concludes with reviewing the key points and reminding students to prepare for the next practical class by revising topics from their book.
Bronchodilators
This document discusses bronchodilators, which are drugs that relax and open the airways to ease breathing. It covers the pathology of bronchospasm in asthma and different classes of bronchodilators including sympathomimetics like salbutamol and terbutaline, methylxanthine derivatives like aminophylline and theophylline, and anticholinergics like ipratropium and tiotropium. It provides dosing information for various drug formulations and delivery devices used to treat asthma such as metered dose inhalers and nebulizers.
Tramadol
This document discusses opioid analgesics, focusing on tramadol and butorphanol. It defines opioids and their receptor types. Tramadol is described as a centrally acting atypical analgesic that is a racemic mixture with both enantiomers contributing to its analgesic effects. Its mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetics are outlined. Butorphanol is introduced as a synthetic agonist-antagonist opioid with greater agonist and antagonist effects than pentazocin. Its proposed mechanisms of analgesia and adverse effects are summarized. Clinical uses of both drugs for various acute and postoperative pain conditions are mentioned.
Nasogastric Tube.pptx
Document removal in chart including:
- Date and time of removal
- Condition of nares on removal
- Patient tolerance and comfort level
- Instructions provided to patient
Theophylline-CNS stimulant
Theophylline is a bronchodilator used to treat respiratory conditions like asthma and COPD. It works by inhibiting phosphodiesterase and antagonizing adenosine receptors to relax smooth muscle. It has a narrow therapeutic window and can cause side effects like nausea, vomiting, arrhythmias and seizures if levels are too high. Special care must be taken with dosing in children, elderly, and those with liver or kidney problems. Smoking may increase its metabolism and require higher doses to maintain therapeutic levels.
Hematinics
This document discusses hematinics, which are compounds required for blood formation and treatment of anemia. The major hematinics discussed are iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid. Details provided include daily requirements, dietary sources, pharmacokinetics, preparations, administration, uses and nursing implications of these hematinics. Hematopoietic growth factors that regulate red blood cell production such as erythropoietin and myeloid growth factors are also summarized.
Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic
Fluoroquinolones are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that include ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and norfloxacin. They work by inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis through effects on DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Ciprofloxacin is an example that is administered orally or intravenously to treat various bacterial infections. However, bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones has been increasing worldwide. Ciprofloxacin specifically has good oral absorption and bioavailability but can interact with various other drugs if not taken correctly. It is also important to monitor for potential side effects like gastrointestinal issues, rashes, and neurotoxicity with ciprofloxacin use.
Calcium gluconate
Calcium gluconate is a mineral supplement used to treat hypocalcemia and as an adjunct in magnesium intoxication. It contains 90mg or 4.5mEq of elemental calcium per gram. Calcium gluconate is administered intravenously or orally and plays an important role in muscle contraction and cell signaling. Adverse reactions include CNS effects, cardiac issues, constipation, and hypercalcemia. It should be used cautiously in patients with cardiac or renal diseases. Nursing considerations include monitoring calcium levels and signs of hypercalcemia.
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Pharmacology of Ondansetron (Zofran)
Pharmacological Classification, Mechanism of Action, Clinical Uses, Administration Routes, Dosing for Adults and Pediatrics, Pharmacokinetics, Dose Adjustments, Patient Counseling, Adverse Effects, Drug Interactions, Contraindications, Personal Experience with Ondansetron, Future Clinical Uses of Ondansetron
Antiscabies agents
Antiscabies agents such as lindane 1%, ivermectin, and permethrin are used to control the mite Sarcoptes Scabei, which thrives in conditions of poor hygiene. Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic that binds to glutamate-gated chloride channels in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells, causing paralysis and death of the parasite. It is indicated for onchocerciasis, filariasis, strongyloidiasis, and Norwegian scabies but has contraindications for children under 5, severe illness, pregnancy, and nursing mothers. Common side effects include abdominal pain, fatigue, diarrhea, nausea,
Drug presentation on diazepam
This document provides information on the drug Diazepam. It introduces Diazepam as a benzodiazepine drug first marketed as Valium, used to treat nervousness, muscle spasms, and seizures during pregnancy. The document summarizes Diazepam's trade names, dosage routes, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, indications, contraindications, side effects for both mother and fetus, nursing responsibilities, and concludes that Diazepam is a benzodiazepine that works by enhancing neurotransmitters in the brain to treat anxiety and alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
Nifedipine (procardia)
This document discusses preeclampsia and gestational hypertension, conditions that occur during pregnancy involving high blood pressure. It also discusses nifedipine (Procardia), a calcium channel blocker prescribed to treat hypertension during pregnancy and postpartum. The key effects of nifedipine are relaxing blood vessels to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure. Common side effects and drug interactions are presented. Guidelines are provided for monitoring patients on nifedipine during the postpartum period.
Aspirin (drug presentation) for medical students .
The document is a presentation on aspirin submitted by a nursing student. It provides information on aspirin including what it is, its dosages and routes of administration, its actions and indications, contraindications, side effects, and nursing considerations for its use. It also includes information on teaching the patient about aspirin and lists some references used in preparing the presentation.
Voveran (Generic Diclofenac Sodium Tablets)
Voveran (Generic Diclofenac Sodium Tablets) is used for relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis, for relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and for acute or long-term use in the relief of signs and symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals.
Gentamicin
This document provides information on various gentamicin injection products available in Pakistan made by different pharmaceutical companies. It discusses gentamicin's mechanism of action as an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria. It also provides dosing, administration, contraindications and precautions for gentamicin treatment. The document then shifts to discussing cloxacillin products in Pakistan and information about cloxacillin as a penicillinase-resistant penicillin antibiotic.
Presentation On ‘‘Esomeprazole’’
Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease and other acid-related conditions. It works by blocking the final step of acid production in the stomach. It is indicated for GERD, erosive esophagitis, risk reduction of NSAID-associated ulcers, H. pylori eradication, and duodenal/gastric ulcers. Esomeprazole is contraindicated in those with known hypersensitivity. It is unlikely to pose teratogenic risk during pregnancy but should only be used if benefits outweigh risks. It is excreted in breastmilk so discontinuation should be considered based on importance to mother. Common side effects include
Furosemide DRUG PROFILE
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that works by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, leading to increased excretion of sodium, chloride, calcium, and water from the body. It is commonly used to treat fluid retention, edema, and hypertension. Some key points are that it acts more rapidly than thiazide diuretics, can be used in patients with renal impairment, and causes diuretic effects within 0.5-1 hour when taken orally. Common side effects include hypokalemia, hypomagnesaemia, and ototoxicity when combined with other drugs.
Pantoprazole
Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to reduce stomach acid and treat conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease. It works by irreversibly binding to the hydrogen-potassium ATPase enzyme in the stomach walls to suppress acid production. Pantoprazole has good oral bioavailability and reaches peak levels within 2-4 hours. It is generally well-tolerated, with common side effects including headache and abdominal pain. Long-term use has been associated with risks of bone fracture and hypomagnesemia. Pantoprazole dosing depends on the condition being treated, with recommended durations ranging from 8 weeks to indefinite maintenance therapy.
Ceftriaxone
Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis and has concentration-independent bactericidal activity. It is administered via intramuscular or intravenous injection, distributes well throughout the body including cerebrospinal fluid, and has a half-life of 7-8 hours. Common indications include lower respiratory, urinary tract, and abdominal infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Notable adverse effects include phlebitis, gastrointestinal upset, and skin reactions.
Metronidazole.ppt
A nitroimidazole antibiotic used particularly for;
Anaerobic bacteria &
Protozoa
Its an antimicrobial drug which is highly active against;
Anaerobic bacteria
Some protozoa
Amoeba
Thus metronidazole is an;
Antibiotic drug
Ameobicide
Antiprotozoal
Its common trade name is Fragyl in USA & Uganda
Tinidazole is similar to metronidazole but with a long duration of action
Diuretics II
This document discusses different classes of diuretics. It begins by classifying diuretics as high ceiling, medium efficacy, or weak/adjunctive. It then describes the mechanisms and uses of various weak diuretics, including carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like acetazolamide, osmotic diuretics, potassium sparing diuretics, and renal epithelial sodium channel blockers. It discusses how each works and their potential adverse effects and drug interactions. The document concludes with reviewing the key points and reminding students to prepare for the next practical class by revising topics from their book.
Bronchodilators
This document discusses bronchodilators, which are drugs that relax and open the airways to ease breathing. It covers the pathology of bronchospasm in asthma and different classes of bronchodilators including sympathomimetics like salbutamol and terbutaline, methylxanthine derivatives like aminophylline and theophylline, and anticholinergics like ipratropium and tiotropium. It provides dosing information for various drug formulations and delivery devices used to treat asthma such as metered dose inhalers and nebulizers.
Tramadol
This document discusses opioid analgesics, focusing on tramadol and butorphanol. It defines opioids and their receptor types. Tramadol is described as a centrally acting atypical analgesic that is a racemic mixture with both enantiomers contributing to its analgesic effects. Its mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetics are outlined. Butorphanol is introduced as a synthetic agonist-antagonist opioid with greater agonist and antagonist effects than pentazocin. Its proposed mechanisms of analgesia and adverse effects are summarized. Clinical uses of both drugs for various acute and postoperative pain conditions are mentioned.
Nasogastric Tube.pptx
Document removal in chart including:
- Date and time of removal
- Condition of nares on removal
- Patient tolerance and comfort level
- Instructions provided to patient
Theophylline-CNS stimulant
Theophylline is a bronchodilator used to treat respiratory conditions like asthma and COPD. It works by inhibiting phosphodiesterase and antagonizing adenosine receptors to relax smooth muscle. It has a narrow therapeutic window and can cause side effects like nausea, vomiting, arrhythmias and seizures if levels are too high. Special care must be taken with dosing in children, elderly, and those with liver or kidney problems. Smoking may increase its metabolism and require higher doses to maintain therapeutic levels.
Hematinics
This document discusses hematinics, which are compounds required for blood formation and treatment of anemia. The major hematinics discussed are iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid. Details provided include daily requirements, dietary sources, pharmacokinetics, preparations, administration, uses and nursing implications of these hematinics. Hematopoietic growth factors that regulate red blood cell production such as erythropoietin and myeloid growth factors are also summarized.
Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic
Fluoroquinolones are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that include ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and norfloxacin. They work by inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis through effects on DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Ciprofloxacin is an example that is administered orally or intravenously to treat various bacterial infections. However, bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones has been increasing worldwide. Ciprofloxacin specifically has good oral absorption and bioavailability but can interact with various other drugs if not taken correctly. It is also important to monitor for potential side effects like gastrointestinal issues, rashes, and neurotoxicity with ciprofloxacin use.
Calcium gluconate
Calcium gluconate is a mineral supplement used to treat hypocalcemia and as an adjunct in magnesium intoxication. It contains 90mg or 4.5mEq of elemental calcium per gram. Calcium gluconate is administered intravenously or orally and plays an important role in muscle contraction and cell signaling. Adverse reactions include CNS effects, cardiac issues, constipation, and hypercalcemia. It should be used cautiously in patients with cardiac or renal diseases. Nursing considerations include monitoring calcium levels and signs of hypercalcemia.
What's hot (20)
Aspirin (drug presentation) for medical students .
Aspirin (drug presentation) for medical students .
lamivudine
- 1. به نام کسی که اون بالاست و همه رو دوس داره به نام کسی که اون بالاست و همه رو دوس داره به نام کسی که اون بالاست و همه رو دوس داره
- 2. Zeffix® Lamivudine (3TC) Class:NRTI Structre & SAR: 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine
- 3. Trade Names & dosage forms zeffix® Epivir-HBV® Epivir® Heptovir® (Canada) combivir® trizivir® - FcTab. 100 mg - Oral solution 5 mg/ml - Tab. 150 , 300 mg- Solution, oral 10 mg/mL
- 4. Trade Names & dosage forms Biovudine ® -Scored F.C. Tab. 100,150 mg Exivudin® -Tab. 150 mg
- 5. Indications and Dosage Zeffix®
- 6. Absorption Distribution Metabolism Elimination Pharmacokinetics Zeffix®
- 7. Contraindications & precautions Hypersensitivity to drug Pancreatitis Impaired renal function Zeffix® Lactation Obesity Pregnancy Pregnancy & lactation Category C
- 8. Interactions tmp-smx zidovudone Interferon Ribavirin Zalcitabine Zeffix®
- 9. AdverseReactions CNS GI pancreatitis LabTests ANC, platelets Metabolic: lactic acidosis Zeffix® Overdosage
- 12. Refrences: Applied Therapeutics - The Clinical Use Of Drugs, Mary annekoda-kimble [et al.], 9th Ed.( 2009), p:69-4 , 69-4, 73-26 AHFS drug information essentials (2006-7) Gerald K. McEvoy P:8.18.08.20 Textbook of therapeutics – drug and disease management, Richard A. Helms [et al.], 8th ed. P: 1339 Drug information handbook, Charles F. lacy[et al.] 14th ed.(2006)P:967 Physician Drug Handbook, Michael F. beer, 12th ed.(2008) P:688 Drug interaction facts , David s. tatro ,12th ed. (2006) P:855 www.drugs.com/ppa/lamivudine-3tc.html
- 13. الا ای طوطی گویای اسرار مبادا خالیت شکر ز منقار شنیدین که شاعر میگه: روزی خواهم آمد و پیامی خواهم آورد خواهم آمد گل یاسی به گدا خواهم داد خواهم آمد سر هر دیواری میخکی خواهم کاشت...