The document summarizes research on developing paper-based biosensors through enzyme immobilization techniques. The researchers aim to create commercial paper biosensors for food, health and security using methods compatible with paper production. They demonstrate effective enzyme immobilization through microencapsulation, which maintains enzyme activity during large-scale coating and drying. Analysis of coated paper shows microencapsulation, coating thickness, and capsule concentration do not affect enzyme activity levels.
This document discusses the role of enzymes in bioremediation. It explains that bioremediation uses microbes and plants to degrade contaminants through metabolic processes like degradation. Enzymes play a key role in these degradation processes. Specific enzymes produced by fungi, bacteria and plants are effective at degrading different types of contaminants, like oxygenases that degrade halogenated compounds and lignin peroxidases that degrade PAHs. Enzymes offer advantages over microbes for bioremediation since they can operate under extreme conditions and are not affected by other microbes.
ABSTRACT- Laccase is multicopper oxidases that are widely distributed among plants, insects, fungi and bacteria. Pollution increased with the
time day by day, laccase is an oxido-reductase which plays a significant role in remediation. These enzyme catalyze and one-electron oxidation of a
wide variety of organic and inorganic substrate including mono-, di-, and poly-phenols, amino-phenols, metho-oxyphenols, aromatic amines, and
ascorbate, with the concomitant four electron reduction of oxygen to water. Present study on their use in several industrial application, includes dye
decolorization, detoxification of environmental pollutants and revalorization of waste and waste water etc. this review helps to understand the properties
of these improvement enzymes for efficient utilization for its biotechnological and environmental applications. Now we provide a brief discussion
of this interesting group of enzymes, increase knowledge of which will promote laccase based industrial process in future.
Keywords: Laccase, Biodegradation, Bioremediation and Dye decolorization
Biotechnology is an indigenous wave of innovation. This enhances the quality of the environment by protecting the natural resources. It plays key role for sustainable agriculture.
Biotechnology can be applied to waste management through microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MFCs use microorganisms to convert the chemical energy in organic compounds into electrical energy. They have two chambers, an anode where microbes in the wastewater oxidize organic matter and release electrons and protons, and a cathode where oxygen reacts with the electrons and protons to form water. This generates a current that can be used as energy. The document describes a student's experiment using an MFC with effluent water, which generated voltages of up to 120mV over 5 days. MFCs provide a way to both treat wastewater and produce renewable energy, though further improvements are still needed.
This document presents an overview of bioremediation and the enzymes used. It discusses how bacteria, fungi, and plant enzymes are involved in biodegrading toxic pollutants. Major enzymes discussed include lignin peroxidase, horseradish peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase. Advantages of bioremediation are that it is relatively inexpensive and doesn't require removing contaminated soil. Limitations include difficulty controlling bacteria and limited effectiveness on non-biodegradable compounds.
Environmental biotechnology uses biological processes to protect and restore the environment. Bioremediation uses microorganisms to degrade pollutants in air, water, and soil into less harmful substances. It can be used to treat wastewater, industrial effluents, drinking water, land, soil, air, and solid waste. Genetic engineering creates environmentally friendly alternatives by modifying microorganisms using recombinant DNA technology. Biotechnology shows potential to contribute to environmental remediation and protection.
Gonzalez, 2008, Sulfur Formation And Recovery In A Thiosulfate Oxidizing Bior...roelmeulepas
This article discusses a bioreactor system that allows for high production and recovery of elemental sulfur from thiosulfate oxidation. The system, called a Supernatant-Recycling Settler Bioreactor (SRSB), consists of an upflow bioreactor and separate aeration vessel. The bioreactor contains an internal settler and packing material to facilitate cell retention and settling of produced sulfur. Supernatant is continuously recirculated between the bioreactor and aerator. Testing achieved 98-100% thiosulfate conversion and a 77% elemental sulfur yield, with 93% of sulfur recovered from the bioreactor bottom as sludge containing 87% sulfur. The internal settler and packing
The document summarizes research on developing paper-based biosensors through enzyme immobilization techniques. The researchers aim to create commercial paper biosensors for food, health and security using methods compatible with paper production. They demonstrate effective enzyme immobilization through microencapsulation, which maintains enzyme activity during large-scale coating and drying. Analysis of coated paper shows microencapsulation, coating thickness, and capsule concentration do not affect enzyme activity levels.
This document discusses the role of enzymes in bioremediation. It explains that bioremediation uses microbes and plants to degrade contaminants through metabolic processes like degradation. Enzymes play a key role in these degradation processes. Specific enzymes produced by fungi, bacteria and plants are effective at degrading different types of contaminants, like oxygenases that degrade halogenated compounds and lignin peroxidases that degrade PAHs. Enzymes offer advantages over microbes for bioremediation since they can operate under extreme conditions and are not affected by other microbes.
ABSTRACT- Laccase is multicopper oxidases that are widely distributed among plants, insects, fungi and bacteria. Pollution increased with the
time day by day, laccase is an oxido-reductase which plays a significant role in remediation. These enzyme catalyze and one-electron oxidation of a
wide variety of organic and inorganic substrate including mono-, di-, and poly-phenols, amino-phenols, metho-oxyphenols, aromatic amines, and
ascorbate, with the concomitant four electron reduction of oxygen to water. Present study on their use in several industrial application, includes dye
decolorization, detoxification of environmental pollutants and revalorization of waste and waste water etc. this review helps to understand the properties
of these improvement enzymes for efficient utilization for its biotechnological and environmental applications. Now we provide a brief discussion
of this interesting group of enzymes, increase knowledge of which will promote laccase based industrial process in future.
Keywords: Laccase, Biodegradation, Bioremediation and Dye decolorization
Biotechnology is an indigenous wave of innovation. This enhances the quality of the environment by protecting the natural resources. It plays key role for sustainable agriculture.
Biotechnology can be applied to waste management through microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MFCs use microorganisms to convert the chemical energy in organic compounds into electrical energy. They have two chambers, an anode where microbes in the wastewater oxidize organic matter and release electrons and protons, and a cathode where oxygen reacts with the electrons and protons to form water. This generates a current that can be used as energy. The document describes a student's experiment using an MFC with effluent water, which generated voltages of up to 120mV over 5 days. MFCs provide a way to both treat wastewater and produce renewable energy, though further improvements are still needed.
This document presents an overview of bioremediation and the enzymes used. It discusses how bacteria, fungi, and plant enzymes are involved in biodegrading toxic pollutants. Major enzymes discussed include lignin peroxidase, horseradish peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase. Advantages of bioremediation are that it is relatively inexpensive and doesn't require removing contaminated soil. Limitations include difficulty controlling bacteria and limited effectiveness on non-biodegradable compounds.
Environmental biotechnology uses biological processes to protect and restore the environment. Bioremediation uses microorganisms to degrade pollutants in air, water, and soil into less harmful substances. It can be used to treat wastewater, industrial effluents, drinking water, land, soil, air, and solid waste. Genetic engineering creates environmentally friendly alternatives by modifying microorganisms using recombinant DNA technology. Biotechnology shows potential to contribute to environmental remediation and protection.
Gonzalez, 2008, Sulfur Formation And Recovery In A Thiosulfate Oxidizing Bior...roelmeulepas
This article discusses a bioreactor system that allows for high production and recovery of elemental sulfur from thiosulfate oxidation. The system, called a Supernatant-Recycling Settler Bioreactor (SRSB), consists of an upflow bioreactor and separate aeration vessel. The bioreactor contains an internal settler and packing material to facilitate cell retention and settling of produced sulfur. Supernatant is continuously recirculated between the bioreactor and aerator. Testing achieved 98-100% thiosulfate conversion and a 77% elemental sulfur yield, with 93% of sulfur recovered from the bioreactor bottom as sludge containing 87% sulfur. The internal settler and packing
The document discusses the use of enzymes in bioremediation. It outlines that enzymatic bioremediation uses isolated enzymes to transform contaminants into less toxic compounds. Extracellular enzymes from white rot fungi have been shown to effectively degrade pollutants like PAHs, PCBs, and dyes. Major enzymes used include lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase. Case studies demonstrate how these enzymes can decolorize over 90% of textile dyes. While enzymatic bioremediation provides advantages over chemical and microbial methods, further research is needed to reduce costs and improve enzyme stability and activity under various conditions.
This document discusses the application of molecular biotechnology in environmental protection, including synthetic biology, bio-degradation studies, and case studies. It covers using the moss Physcomitrella patens as a model organism for biotechnology due to its fast life cycle and high efficiency of gene targeting. Transformation techniques are discussed for inserting genes into P. patens and other organisms like E. coli and yeast. Bio-degradation of estrogens from wastewater is also examined along with challenges in wastewater treatment plants and potential enzyme-based and other solutions.
This document discusses bioremediation and the use of microorganisms to degrade organic pollutants and remove contamination. It describes how bacteria, fungi and other microbes break down waste organic matter through metabolic processes. The document also discusses how genetic engineering can be used to design microorganisms capable of degrading specific contaminants more efficiently. Examples are provided of various bacteria and fungi that have been genetically modified or studied for their ability to break down pollutants like benzene, toluene, chlorobenzoate and heavy metals.
This document discusses bioremediation and the enzymes used in the process. It begins with background information on bioremediation and enzymes. Major enzymes that aid in bioremediation are then outlined, including peroxidases, oxygenases, and dioxygenases. An example is given of lignin peroxidase and its effectiveness in bioremediating pollutants. The advantages of bioremediation include it being relatively inexpensive and allowing toxic waste to naturally break down. Limitations include difficulty controlling bacteria and potential to spread illness. In conclusion, bioremediation offers a safer, more cost-effective cleaning method for contaminated sites.
This document discusses bioremediation and biodegradation strategies for cleaning the environment. It defines bioremediation as using microorganisms like Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Azotobacter to remove toxic pollutants. Biodegradation is the breakdown of substances by microbes through biochemical reactions. Examples of microbes that aid biodegradation in different environments are provided. Recent approaches discussed include using earthworms, deep sea bacteria, and genetically modified organisms to remediate contamination.
The document discusses environmental biotechnology and its applications. It provides details about (1) using microorganisms to treat hazardous wastes and pollution, including bioremediation of contaminated soil and water, (2) the treatment process at a common effluent treatment plant (CETP) that cleans waste water from textile industries, and (3) two case studies on bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil and waste water treatment at a CETP.
This document summarizes a seminar report on photobioreactors. It defines a photobioreactor as a bioreactor that uses light to cultivate phototrophic microorganisms like algae and cyanobacteria. It then describes some common types of photobioreactors including open systems like raceway ponds and circular ponds, and closed systems like tubular, flat plate, and internally illuminated reactors. The document lists factors that affect photobioreactor performance and criteria for selecting different photobioreactor designs. It concludes that the type of photobioreactor and operating factors influence microalgae growth and downstream product yields.
Applications of environmental biotechnology by Hameer KhanHumair Sindhi
The document discusses applications of environmental biotechnology. It defines environmental biotechnology as using biological systems to develop and regulate the environment in a sustainable way. It discusses six major applications: biomarkers to measure pollution exposure; biosensors to detect toxins; biofuels as renewable energy; bioremediation to clean pollution; biotransformation to convert toxins; and molecular ecology to study biodiversity. Overall, environmental biotechnology aims to keep the environment clean for future generations through sustainable use of organisms.
This document summarizes biodegradation of various xenobiotics including hydrocarbons, plastics, and pesticides. It discusses that xenobiotics are man-made chemicals that do not occur naturally. Biodegradation is the breakdown of these substances by microorganisms. Various microbes can degrade hydrocarbons through aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Plastics are broken down through hydrolysis and further degraded by acidogenic, acetogenic, and methanogenic bacteria. Pesticides are degraded through methods like dehalogenation, deamination, and hydroxylation. The document provides examples of microbes and mechanisms involved in the biodegradation of these pollutants.
Bioremediation uses bacteria, fungi and plants to break down toxic pollutants in the environment. It can occur in situ, using native microbes at the contaminated site, or ex situ by removing contaminated soil or water to be treated elsewhere. Two main approaches are land farming, where contaminated soil is mixed and fertilized, and bioreactors, where slurries are treated. Various microbes can degrade different pollutants like oil, explosives or heavy metals. Phytoremediation also uses plants and their associated microbes. When done correctly, bioremediation is a low-cost, permanent solution to pollution.
This document summarizes a presentation about a genetically engineered microorganism called a "super bug" developed to degrade hydrocarbons in petroleum waste. The super bug was constructed by Anand Chakrabarty et al. in 1979 through conjugative transfer of plasmids containing genes from Pseudomonas putida strains that degrade various hydrocarbons like camphor, octane, xylene, and naphthalenes. This created a strain with three plasmids allowing it to break down multiple pollutants. The super bug was selected and mass cultured, then used to treat oil spills by applying inoculated straw to spread the bacteria and degrade the oil over time.
Term ‘Nano’ comes from the Greek word ‘nanos’ meaning dwarf and denotes a measurement on the scale of one billionth (10⁹) of a meter in size. Nanoparticles are defined as a particulate dispersions of solid particles with atleast one dimension at a size range of 10-1000 nm. The most important feature of Nanoparticles is their surface area to volume aspect ratio, allowing them to interact with other particles easier.
waste water treatment through Algae and Cyanobacteriaiqraakbar8
Use of algae in wastewater treatment. Recently, algae have become significant organisms for biological purification of wastewater since they are able to accumulate plant nutrients, heavy metals, pesticides, organic and inorganic toxic substances and radioactive matters in their cells/bodies.
Green syntheses are more environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional synthesis techniques as they aim to reduce toxic elements and costs while benefiting from sustainable sources. There are two main categories of green synthesis: microbial, which uses bacteria and other microbes to produce nanoparticles either intracellularly or extracellularly, and phyto-synthesis, which uses plants to produce nanoparticles on a large scale. Green synthesis methods provide single step, non-toxic and cost effective production of nanoparticles for applications in medicine, environmental remediation, and more.
This document provides information about the phytosynthesis of metal nanoparticles. It begins with an introduction to nanoparticles and different synthesis methods. The document then describes using plant extracts to biologically synthesize nanoparticles through reduction of metal ions. It provides details on characterization techniques for nanoparticles, such as UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, and FTIR. The document also gives an example of using Pongamia pinnata leaf extract to synthesize silver nanoparticles and characterize them.
Biotechnological applications for environmental waste managementUtkarsh Verma
This document discusses biotechnological applications for environmental waste management. It begins by outlining some key environmental issues like global warming, energy and water contamination problems. It then discusses various waste treatment options like bioremediation, phytoremediation and different microbial bioremediation approaches. Finally, it maps out the field of environmental biotechnology, covering areas like toxicology, bioproducts, biosensors, and systems approaches.
Bio synthesis of nano particles using bacteriaudhay roopavath
Bacteria can be used to biosynthesize nanoparticles through intracellular and extracellular methods. Intracellular synthesis occurs inside the cell, where bacteria reduce metal ions and deposit nanoparticles in locations like the periplasmic space. Extracellular synthesis involves enzymes secreted by bacteria reducing metal ions outside the cell and precipitating nanoparticles. Examples are given of bacteria producing silver, titanium, zinc sulfide and lead sulfide nanoparticles through extracellular and intracellular pathways. While a green approach, bacterial nanoparticle synthesis can be slow with difficulty controlling size, shape and crystallinity of particles.
The document discusses associative nitrogen fixation (ANF), where diazotrophic bacteria live freely in soil and fix atmospheric nitrogen, making it available to plants. ANF involves various free-living bacteria, fungi, and algae that inhabit terrestrial and aquatic environments. Key factors like temperature, moisture, and presence of nutrients influence ANF. Though typically lower yield than symbiotic fixation, ANF is important for fertilizing rice and grasses without legume hosts.
1) Environmental biotechnology uses biological processes to study and benefit the natural environment, such as remediating pollution or developing green technologies.
2) Bioaccumulation occurs when organisms absorb substances like pesticides at a higher rate than they can eliminate them, resulting in increasing concentration of the substance in the organism's body over time.
3) Bioremediation uses microorganisms to remove pollutants from the environment, either on-site (in situ) or by removing contaminated material (ex situ). Examples include phytoremediation and bioleaching.
Eco-Friendly Methods for Preparation of Metal Metal Oxide NanoparticlesManal El-Sheikh
Nanoparticles can be synthesized through various methods including gas, liquid, and solid phase processes as well as mechanical size reduction. Surface modifications are often applied to nanoparticles to passivate, stabilize, functionalize, or promote assembly. Nanoparticles find applications in areas like agriculture, healthcare, and electronics when assembled in one, two, or three dimensions on a substrate. Biosynthesis using plant extracts, microorganisms, or biodegradable polymers provides an environmentally friendly alternative for producing metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. These nanoparticles show potential for developing antibacterial, smart, conductive, solar, and repellent textiles when integrated into fabrics.
niosomes introduction
structure of niosomes
advantages of niosomes
types of niosomes
formulation aspects
different types of surfactants used
different methods of preparation
difference between liposomes and niosomes
loading methods
characterizations of niosomes
modification aspects of niosomes
Electrochemical biosensors utilize a bioreceptor linked to a transducer to detect specific molecules. They are classified based on transduction principles into potentiometric, amperometric, impedimetric, conductometric, and voltammetric biosensors. The bioreceptor selectively interacts with the target molecule and the transducer converts this interaction into a measurable signal. These biosensors play an important role in food analysis by rapidly and sensitively detecting toxins and contaminants in foods to ensure safety. They have applications in monitoring shellfish toxins, mycotoxins, and can detect analytes in complex food matrices through innovative sensing strategies.
The document discusses the use of enzymes in bioremediation. It outlines that enzymatic bioremediation uses isolated enzymes to transform contaminants into less toxic compounds. Extracellular enzymes from white rot fungi have been shown to effectively degrade pollutants like PAHs, PCBs, and dyes. Major enzymes used include lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase. Case studies demonstrate how these enzymes can decolorize over 90% of textile dyes. While enzymatic bioremediation provides advantages over chemical and microbial methods, further research is needed to reduce costs and improve enzyme stability and activity under various conditions.
This document discusses the application of molecular biotechnology in environmental protection, including synthetic biology, bio-degradation studies, and case studies. It covers using the moss Physcomitrella patens as a model organism for biotechnology due to its fast life cycle and high efficiency of gene targeting. Transformation techniques are discussed for inserting genes into P. patens and other organisms like E. coli and yeast. Bio-degradation of estrogens from wastewater is also examined along with challenges in wastewater treatment plants and potential enzyme-based and other solutions.
This document discusses bioremediation and the use of microorganisms to degrade organic pollutants and remove contamination. It describes how bacteria, fungi and other microbes break down waste organic matter through metabolic processes. The document also discusses how genetic engineering can be used to design microorganisms capable of degrading specific contaminants more efficiently. Examples are provided of various bacteria and fungi that have been genetically modified or studied for their ability to break down pollutants like benzene, toluene, chlorobenzoate and heavy metals.
This document discusses bioremediation and the enzymes used in the process. It begins with background information on bioremediation and enzymes. Major enzymes that aid in bioremediation are then outlined, including peroxidases, oxygenases, and dioxygenases. An example is given of lignin peroxidase and its effectiveness in bioremediating pollutants. The advantages of bioremediation include it being relatively inexpensive and allowing toxic waste to naturally break down. Limitations include difficulty controlling bacteria and potential to spread illness. In conclusion, bioremediation offers a safer, more cost-effective cleaning method for contaminated sites.
This document discusses bioremediation and biodegradation strategies for cleaning the environment. It defines bioremediation as using microorganisms like Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Azotobacter to remove toxic pollutants. Biodegradation is the breakdown of substances by microbes through biochemical reactions. Examples of microbes that aid biodegradation in different environments are provided. Recent approaches discussed include using earthworms, deep sea bacteria, and genetically modified organisms to remediate contamination.
The document discusses environmental biotechnology and its applications. It provides details about (1) using microorganisms to treat hazardous wastes and pollution, including bioremediation of contaminated soil and water, (2) the treatment process at a common effluent treatment plant (CETP) that cleans waste water from textile industries, and (3) two case studies on bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil and waste water treatment at a CETP.
This document summarizes a seminar report on photobioreactors. It defines a photobioreactor as a bioreactor that uses light to cultivate phototrophic microorganisms like algae and cyanobacteria. It then describes some common types of photobioreactors including open systems like raceway ponds and circular ponds, and closed systems like tubular, flat plate, and internally illuminated reactors. The document lists factors that affect photobioreactor performance and criteria for selecting different photobioreactor designs. It concludes that the type of photobioreactor and operating factors influence microalgae growth and downstream product yields.
Applications of environmental biotechnology by Hameer KhanHumair Sindhi
The document discusses applications of environmental biotechnology. It defines environmental biotechnology as using biological systems to develop and regulate the environment in a sustainable way. It discusses six major applications: biomarkers to measure pollution exposure; biosensors to detect toxins; biofuels as renewable energy; bioremediation to clean pollution; biotransformation to convert toxins; and molecular ecology to study biodiversity. Overall, environmental biotechnology aims to keep the environment clean for future generations through sustainable use of organisms.
This document summarizes biodegradation of various xenobiotics including hydrocarbons, plastics, and pesticides. It discusses that xenobiotics are man-made chemicals that do not occur naturally. Biodegradation is the breakdown of these substances by microorganisms. Various microbes can degrade hydrocarbons through aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Plastics are broken down through hydrolysis and further degraded by acidogenic, acetogenic, and methanogenic bacteria. Pesticides are degraded through methods like dehalogenation, deamination, and hydroxylation. The document provides examples of microbes and mechanisms involved in the biodegradation of these pollutants.
Bioremediation uses bacteria, fungi and plants to break down toxic pollutants in the environment. It can occur in situ, using native microbes at the contaminated site, or ex situ by removing contaminated soil or water to be treated elsewhere. Two main approaches are land farming, where contaminated soil is mixed and fertilized, and bioreactors, where slurries are treated. Various microbes can degrade different pollutants like oil, explosives or heavy metals. Phytoremediation also uses plants and their associated microbes. When done correctly, bioremediation is a low-cost, permanent solution to pollution.
This document summarizes a presentation about a genetically engineered microorganism called a "super bug" developed to degrade hydrocarbons in petroleum waste. The super bug was constructed by Anand Chakrabarty et al. in 1979 through conjugative transfer of plasmids containing genes from Pseudomonas putida strains that degrade various hydrocarbons like camphor, octane, xylene, and naphthalenes. This created a strain with three plasmids allowing it to break down multiple pollutants. The super bug was selected and mass cultured, then used to treat oil spills by applying inoculated straw to spread the bacteria and degrade the oil over time.
Term ‘Nano’ comes from the Greek word ‘nanos’ meaning dwarf and denotes a measurement on the scale of one billionth (10⁹) of a meter in size. Nanoparticles are defined as a particulate dispersions of solid particles with atleast one dimension at a size range of 10-1000 nm. The most important feature of Nanoparticles is their surface area to volume aspect ratio, allowing them to interact with other particles easier.
waste water treatment through Algae and Cyanobacteriaiqraakbar8
Use of algae in wastewater treatment. Recently, algae have become significant organisms for biological purification of wastewater since they are able to accumulate plant nutrients, heavy metals, pesticides, organic and inorganic toxic substances and radioactive matters in their cells/bodies.
Green syntheses are more environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional synthesis techniques as they aim to reduce toxic elements and costs while benefiting from sustainable sources. There are two main categories of green synthesis: microbial, which uses bacteria and other microbes to produce nanoparticles either intracellularly or extracellularly, and phyto-synthesis, which uses plants to produce nanoparticles on a large scale. Green synthesis methods provide single step, non-toxic and cost effective production of nanoparticles for applications in medicine, environmental remediation, and more.
This document provides information about the phytosynthesis of metal nanoparticles. It begins with an introduction to nanoparticles and different synthesis methods. The document then describes using plant extracts to biologically synthesize nanoparticles through reduction of metal ions. It provides details on characterization techniques for nanoparticles, such as UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, and FTIR. The document also gives an example of using Pongamia pinnata leaf extract to synthesize silver nanoparticles and characterize them.
Biotechnological applications for environmental waste managementUtkarsh Verma
This document discusses biotechnological applications for environmental waste management. It begins by outlining some key environmental issues like global warming, energy and water contamination problems. It then discusses various waste treatment options like bioremediation, phytoremediation and different microbial bioremediation approaches. Finally, it maps out the field of environmental biotechnology, covering areas like toxicology, bioproducts, biosensors, and systems approaches.
Bio synthesis of nano particles using bacteriaudhay roopavath
Bacteria can be used to biosynthesize nanoparticles through intracellular and extracellular methods. Intracellular synthesis occurs inside the cell, where bacteria reduce metal ions and deposit nanoparticles in locations like the periplasmic space. Extracellular synthesis involves enzymes secreted by bacteria reducing metal ions outside the cell and precipitating nanoparticles. Examples are given of bacteria producing silver, titanium, zinc sulfide and lead sulfide nanoparticles through extracellular and intracellular pathways. While a green approach, bacterial nanoparticle synthesis can be slow with difficulty controlling size, shape and crystallinity of particles.
The document discusses associative nitrogen fixation (ANF), where diazotrophic bacteria live freely in soil and fix atmospheric nitrogen, making it available to plants. ANF involves various free-living bacteria, fungi, and algae that inhabit terrestrial and aquatic environments. Key factors like temperature, moisture, and presence of nutrients influence ANF. Though typically lower yield than symbiotic fixation, ANF is important for fertilizing rice and grasses without legume hosts.
1) Environmental biotechnology uses biological processes to study and benefit the natural environment, such as remediating pollution or developing green technologies.
2) Bioaccumulation occurs when organisms absorb substances like pesticides at a higher rate than they can eliminate them, resulting in increasing concentration of the substance in the organism's body over time.
3) Bioremediation uses microorganisms to remove pollutants from the environment, either on-site (in situ) or by removing contaminated material (ex situ). Examples include phytoremediation and bioleaching.
Eco-Friendly Methods for Preparation of Metal Metal Oxide NanoparticlesManal El-Sheikh
Nanoparticles can be synthesized through various methods including gas, liquid, and solid phase processes as well as mechanical size reduction. Surface modifications are often applied to nanoparticles to passivate, stabilize, functionalize, or promote assembly. Nanoparticles find applications in areas like agriculture, healthcare, and electronics when assembled in one, two, or three dimensions on a substrate. Biosynthesis using plant extracts, microorganisms, or biodegradable polymers provides an environmentally friendly alternative for producing metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. These nanoparticles show potential for developing antibacterial, smart, conductive, solar, and repellent textiles when integrated into fabrics.
niosomes introduction
structure of niosomes
advantages of niosomes
types of niosomes
formulation aspects
different types of surfactants used
different methods of preparation
difference between liposomes and niosomes
loading methods
characterizations of niosomes
modification aspects of niosomes
Electrochemical biosensors utilize a bioreceptor linked to a transducer to detect specific molecules. They are classified based on transduction principles into potentiometric, amperometric, impedimetric, conductometric, and voltammetric biosensors. The bioreceptor selectively interacts with the target molecule and the transducer converts this interaction into a measurable signal. These biosensors play an important role in food analysis by rapidly and sensitively detecting toxins and contaminants in foods to ensure safety. They have applications in monitoring shellfish toxins, mycotoxins, and can detect analytes in complex food matrices through innovative sensing strategies.
a brief description of biocatalysis of materialss.chandru445
This document discusses biocatalysis and its advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional chemical catalysis. It notes that biocatalysis uses enzymes as catalysts, which are highly efficient and selective due to their complex 3D structures. However, enzymes also have limitations such as requiring narrow operating conditions and being sensitive to temperature and solvent. The document outlines strategies for applying isolated enzymes or whole cell systems and discusses approaches for stabilizing enzymes to make them more robust.
Chemiluminescence involves the emission of light from a chemical reaction without the generation of significant heat. It has various applications including chemiluminescent immunoassays, DNA hybridization detection, and analysis in forensics and food. The three major chemiluminescent technologies are those using acridinium ester labels, horseradish peroxidase labels, and alkaline phosphatase labels. Chemiluminescence provides advantages such as wide dynamic range and high sensitivity and has been used in clinical testing, research, and cellular and gene-based assays.
This document discusses the use of biocatalysts in organic synthesis. It begins by defining biocatalysis as the use of enzymes or whole cells as catalysts for chemical synthesis. Enzymes are classified based on the type of reaction they catalyze. The advantages of biocatalysts include high selectivity and mild reaction conditions. Methods for producing enzymes at scale and immobilizing enzymes are also covered. The document provides examples of biocatalytic reactions and industrial applications, such as the production of drugs to treat diabetes and lower cholesterol. In closing, the document notes that while biocatalysis has many applications in organic synthesis, the review is not exhaustive and aims to give an overview of the field.
A biosensor is a device that uses biological components like enzymes, antibodies, or living cells to detect analytes. It consists of a biological recognition element and a physicochemical transducer. A nanobiosensor is a biosensor that operates on the nanoscale. Some key applications of nanobiosensors include detecting DNA, proteins, cells, and biomarkers for medical diagnostics. They can also be used for environmental monitoring, food safety testing, and other areas. Despite their potential, commercialization of biosensors has faced challenges related to biomolecule immobilization, device sensitivity and reproducibility, and cost-effectiveness.
Biosensors integrate a biological recognition element with a physiochemical transducer to produce a measurable signal proportional to the analyte concentration. There are several key components of a biosensor including the bioreceptor, transducer, and detector. Common types of biosensors include optical, resonant, physical, ion-sensitive, and electrochemical biosensors. Biosensors offer advantages like specificity, rapid response, and continuous monitoring capability. They have wide applications in fields like medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food analysis, and industrial process control.
Biosensors combine a biological component with a detection device. They can detect analytes and provide information about biological systems. Biosensors have three main parts: (1) a biological recognition element (like enzymes, cells, nucleic acids, microbes) that interacts with the target analyte, (2) a transducer that converts this interaction into a measurable signal, and (3) a processing system. Biosensors are useful for monitoring parameters in various fields like healthcare, environmental protection, and food safety. They provide analytical tools to study bio-material structure, composition and function.
Austin Journal of Biosensors & Bioelectronics is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles related to original and novel fundamental research in the field of Biomarkers Research.
The aim of the journal is to provide a platform for research scholars, scientists and other professionals to find most original research in the field Biosensors & Bioelectronics.
Austin Journal of Biosensors & Bioelectronics accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports and short communication on all the aspects of Biosensors & Bioelectronics and its Research.
Austin Journal of Biosensors & Bioelectronics is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles related to original and novel fundamental research in the field of Biomarkers Research.
The aim of the journal is to provide a platform for research scholars, scientists and other professionals to find most original research in the field Biosensors & Bioelectronics.
Austin Journal of Biosensors & Bioelectronics accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports and short communication on all the aspects of Biosensors & Bioelectronics and its Research
Austin Journal of Biosensors & Bioelectronics is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles related to original and novel fundamental research in the field of Biomarkers Research.
The aim of the journal is to provide a platform for research scholars, scientists and other professionals to find most original research in the field Biosensors & Bioelectronics.
Austin Journal of Biosensors & Bioelectronics accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports and short communication on all the aspects of Biosensors & Bioelectronics and its Research.
Austin Journal of Biosensors & Bioelectronics is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles related to original and novel fundamental research in the field of Biomarkers Research.
The aim of the journal is to provide a platform for research scholars, scientists and other professionals to find most original research in the field Biosensors & Bioelectronics.
Austin Journal of Biosensors & Bioelectronics accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports and short communication on all the aspects of Biosensors & Bioelectronics and its Research
This document discusses biosensors, including their definition, components, working principles, characteristics, types, advantages, and applications. A biosensor consists of a bioreceptor and transducer, where the bioreceptor undergoes a biological reaction in response to an analyte and the transducer converts this reaction into a measurable electrical signal. The document outlines the key components of biosensors and how they function, describing various types including electrochemical, optical, and ion-sensitive biosensors. It notes biosensors offer advantages like high sensitivity and selectivity. Finally, the document lists applications of biosensors in fields like healthcare, environmental monitoring, food analysis, and more.
Ionic Liquids : Green solvents for the futureMrudang Thakor
Ionic Liquids are entirely made up of Ions also known as Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs).
They are in demand because of their unmatchable uses and applications in the field of chemistry.
This document provides an overview of biosensors and nanobiosensors. It discusses that a biosensor combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector. It then describes the basic components and working principle of biosensors, including the biological recognition element, transducer, and detector. Some examples mentioned include glucose monitoring devices and pregnancy tests. The document also discusses nanobiosensors and how nanoparticles can enhance sensitivity and specificity. Applications mentioned include food analysis, medical diagnosis, and environmental monitoring. In the future, nanobiosensors may allow for applications like electronic paper, morphing devices, and smart contact lenses.
This document discusses an integrated acetic acid based one-pot ethanolamine acetate pretreatment process for efficient depolymerization of poplar polysaccharides. Key points:
(1) The new process simultaneously removes 88% of hemicellulose and extracts up to 46% of lignin from poplar biomass.
(2) It yields over 80% enzyme-hydrolyzed glucose, attributed to increased accessible surface area of cellulose.
(3) Analysis indicates the ionic liquid component is a good lignin solvent, leading to higher delignification.
Overall, integrating ionic liquid with acid pretreatment is a promising strategy for effective pretreatment of woody lignocellulose.
This document discusses several papers that apply machine learning and multi-omics data to predict metabolic pathway dynamics.
- One paper develops a machine learning approach using proteomics data instead of kinetic modeling to accurately predict metabolite concentrations. This approach provides faster development of predictive models since it infers knowledge from data rather than requiring domain expertise.
- Another paper applies machine learning and multi-omics data to quantitatively predict production of the biofuel isopentenol from limited training data.
- A third paper reviews how knowledge engineering and data-driven frameworks using machine learning can offer new constraints for mechanistic models to better describe cellular regulation and design metabolic pathways. This facilitates "learn and design" for strain development.
We are pleased to share with you the latest VCOSA statistical report on the cotton and yarn industry for the month of March 2024.
Starting from January 2024, the full weekly and monthly reports will only be available for free to VCOSA members. To access the complete weekly report with figures, charts, and detailed analysis of the cotton fiber market in the past week, interested parties are kindly requested to contact VCOSA to subscribe to the newsletter.
Discovering Digital Process Twins for What-if Analysis: a Process Mining Appr...Marlon Dumas
This webinar discusses the limitations of traditional approaches for business process simulation based on had-crafted model with restrictive assumptions. It shows how process mining techniques can be assembled together to discover high-fidelity digital twins of end-to-end processes from event data.
06-20-2024-AI Camp Meetup-Unstructured Data and Vector DatabasesTimothy Spann
Tech Talk: Unstructured Data and Vector Databases
Speaker: Tim Spann (Zilliz)
Abstract: In this session, I will discuss the unstructured data and the world of vector databases, we will see how they different from traditional databases. In which cases you need one and in which you probably don’t. I will also go over Similarity Search, where do you get vectors from and an example of a Vector Database Architecture. Wrapping up with an overview of Milvus.
Introduction
Unstructured data, vector databases, traditional databases, similarity search
Vectors
Where, What, How, Why Vectors? We’ll cover a Vector Database Architecture
Introducing Milvus
What drives Milvus' Emergence as the most widely adopted vector database
Hi Unstructured Data Friends!
I hope this video had all the unstructured data processing, AI and Vector Database demo you needed for now. If not, there’s a ton more linked below.
My source code is available here
https://github.com/tspannhw/
Let me know in the comments if you liked what you saw, how I can improve and what should I show next? Thanks, hope to see you soon at a Meetup in Princeton, Philadelphia, New York City or here in the Youtube Matrix.
Get Milvused!
https://milvus.io/
Read my Newsletter every week!
https://github.com/tspannhw/FLiPStackWeekly/blob/main/141-10June2024.md
For more cool Unstructured Data, AI and Vector Database videos check out the Milvus vector database videos here
https://www.youtube.com/@MilvusVectorDatabase/videos
Unstructured Data Meetups -
https://www.meetup.com/unstructured-data-meetup-new-york/
https://lu.ma/calendar/manage/cal-VNT79trvj0jS8S7
https://www.meetup.com/pro/unstructureddata/
https://zilliz.com/community/unstructured-data-meetup
https://zilliz.com/event
Twitter/X: https://x.com/milvusio https://x.com/paasdev
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zilliz/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/timothyspann/
GitHub: https://github.com/milvus-io/milvus https://github.com/tspannhw
Invitation to join Discord: https://discord.com/invite/FjCMmaJng6
Blogs: https://milvusio.medium.com/ https://www.opensourcevectordb.cloud/ https://medium.com/@tspann
https://www.meetup.com/unstructured-data-meetup-new-york/events/301383476/?slug=unstructured-data-meetup-new-york&eventId=301383476
https://www.aicamp.ai/event/eventdetails/W2024062014
We are pleased to share with you the latest VCOSA statistical report on the cotton and yarn industry for the month of May 2024.
Starting from January 2024, the full weekly and monthly reports will only be available for free to VCOSA members. To access the complete weekly report with figures, charts, and detailed analysis of the cotton fiber market in the past week, interested parties are kindly requested to contact VCOSA to subscribe to the newsletter.
Did you know that drowning is a leading cause of unintentional death among young children? According to recent data, children aged 1-4 years are at the highest risk. Let's raise awareness and take steps to prevent these tragic incidents. Supervision, barriers around pools, and learning CPR can make a difference. Stay safe this summer!
Discover the cutting-edge telemetry solution implemented for Alan Wake 2 by Remedy Entertainment in collaboration with AWS. This comprehensive presentation dives into our objectives, detailing how we utilized advanced analytics to drive gameplay improvements and player engagement.
Key highlights include:
Primary Goals: Implementing gameplay and technical telemetry to capture detailed player behavior and game performance data, fostering data-driven decision-making.
Tech Stack: Leveraging AWS services such as EKS for hosting, WAF for security, Karpenter for instance optimization, S3 for data storage, and OpenTelemetry Collector for data collection. EventBridge and Lambda were used for data compression, while Glue ETL and Athena facilitated data transformation and preparation.
Data Utilization: Transforming raw data into actionable insights with technologies like Glue ETL (PySpark scripts), Glue Crawler, and Athena, culminating in detailed visualizations with Tableau.
Achievements: Successfully managing 700 million to 1 billion events per month at a cost-effective rate, with significant savings compared to commercial solutions. This approach has enabled simplified scaling and substantial improvements in game design, reducing player churn through targeted adjustments.
Community Engagement: Enhanced ability to engage with player communities by leveraging precise data insights, despite having a small community management team.
This presentation is an invaluable resource for professionals in game development, data analytics, and cloud computing, offering insights into how telemetry and analytics can revolutionize player experience and game performance optimization.
17. Conclusion
laccase appears a strong candidate for
biosensing applications, providing some
specific advantages over other enzymes
having;
The ability to catalyze electron-transfer reactions without
additional cofactors.
The ability to oxidize phenols and o,m,p-benzenediols in the
presence of molecular oxygen; and, good stability.