The document describes a lab experiment on surface water and stream formation. Students will recreate a stream using a mix of sediments and flowing water on an inclined ramp. They will observe how the water erodes, transports, and deposits particles over 1 and 2 minute periods, recording their observations in tables. Key measurements of stream width, depth, and velocity will then be used to calculate water discharge. Post-lab questions ask students to analyze the effects of riparian buffers, potential wetland formations, sources of error, and additional data needed for predictive models.

1. Lab - Surface Water
Pre-Lab Questions
When a river bends and twists, what is it called?
1. What are some geological and ecological benefits of
estuaries?
2. What process associated with rivers creates excellent
farmland?
3. How is “hard” water formed?
Experiment 1: Building a Stream
Table 1: Observations
Observations after 1 minute
Observations after 2 minutes
Table 2: Observations
Trial
Velocity
Stream Width (cm)
Average Depth (cm)
Discharge
1
7.2 cm/s

2. 2
3
Post-Lab Questions
1. To provide bank stabilization and prevent erosion, riparian
buffers, which are vegetated areas next to streams, increasingly
are being constructed. The buffers also slow and absorb
floodwaters, trap harmful chemicals in runoff, and make water
clearer by protecting streambank sediment. What effect would
riparian buffers have had on this lab activity?
2. What type of rock might a wetland produce?
3. Did you observe different stream velocities and discharges
using different parts of your stream? How do you know?
4. Identify two possible sources of error in this experiment, not
including human error.
5. If you were using this data to build a predictive model for
flooding or droughts, what other information would you need?
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All Rights Reserved
Week 5 discussion 1 and discussion 1 replies
This includes the original discussion and then the replies…
Week 5 - Discussion 1
Your initial discussion thread is due on Day 3 (Thursday) and

3. you have until Day 7 (Monday) to respond to your classmates.
Your grade will reflect both the quality of your initial post and
the depth of your responses. Refer to the Discussion Forum
Grading Rubric under the Settings icon above for guidance on
how your discussion will be evaluated.
Report Writing
What is the function of the “limitations” section of a marketing
research report? What limitations exist in the marketing
research project you designed for your Final Paper? Respond to
at least two of your classmates.
Week 5-discussin 1 replies (please place name and number next
to each reply…
#1Adalberto Beattie
YesterdayApr 17 at 9:32pm
Manage Discussion Entry
There are always going to be benefits to marketing research,
and often those are easy to see once the finished product is
complete. However the benefits can only be realized if there is
adequate thought given to the part of the marketing research
plan that focuses on the limitations. The reason, or function for
the limitation section of a marketing research plan is two fold.
First the limitation section lays out the possible constraints to
the product or service research in such a way as to outline what
potentially could hold the research back. According to our text,
“The limitations section is an honest accounting of major
aspects of the research that constrain or temper the findings and
conclusions. No research is faultless, but all research projects
strive to be as accurate as possible. So, the limitations section
should note major issues, indicate why each one exists, and
either mention how they affect the findings or how the research
was carried out to minimize the effects of the limitation (Burns
& Bush, 2012). “ So when you look at a marketing plans
limitation, you are in effect seeing where roadblocks might
occur which will hold you back. The secondary reason for the

4. limitation section is to see where the research might get more
difficult and thus cost more money. It is one of the hidden
truths with research that it can and will get expensive if there is
not a clear understanding of the areas that are going to be
tougher. If that is not done, it is often easy for a company to
simply throw more manpower or resources at a problem and
thus end up spending even more money.
In my research problem, I feel like the issue will be in garnering
the correct information in an unbiased way and thus tainting the
findings. There are so many places that Kyle from Extreme
Exposure can make a mistake in this fashion. For example if he
does not get a truly random sample of his clients to survey, he
could unwittingly find himself getting biased data from people
that like his business and thus do not want to see him change it.
If the interviews, surveys or focus groups are not done correctly
there could also be faulty data if the questioning process is not
done right.
In the end there are many factors that will cost a company time
and money. But knowing where those are before you start will
go a long way in alleviating that problem.
#2Jimmy Edwards
YesterdayApr 17 at 9:57pm
Manage Discussion Entry
The limitations section is an honest accounting of major aspects
of the research that constrain or temper the findings and
conclusions. No research is faultless, but all research projects
strive to be as accurate as possible. (Bush 353) The function of
limitation is to be transparent with the reader about where the
data one discusses comes from in order to allow the reader to
perform their own due diligence regarding the information.
Within one of the research articles, I used to prepare for the
final paper data shows 61% of adults age 18-29 use an online
streaming service vs cable or satellite subscription. This data
may seem like a huge amount a people, however, the survey this
data was collected from only had a respondent number of 100
people in which the age ranged from 18-65+. In the scope of

5. things, these may only have been of about 20 people, which
can’t really be the basis for an entire age group of people.
The author did release the survey information which I how I
was able to know how many people actually took the survey.
Bush, Alvin C Burns and Ronald F. Basic Marketing Research
with Excel, 3/e for Ashford University, the 3rd Edition. Pearson
Learning
Solution
s. VitalBook file.
Rainie, L. (2017, 9 13). About 6 in 10 young adults in the U.S.
primarily use online streaming to watch TV. Retrieved from
www.pewresearch.org: http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-
tank/2017/09/13/about-6-in-10-young-adults-in-u-s-primarily-
use-online-streaming-to-watch-tv/
W
eek
5 discussion 1 and discussion 1 replies

6. This includes the original
discussion
and then the
replies
…
Week 5
-
Discussion 1
Your initial discussion thread is due on Day 3 (Thursday)
and you have until Day 7
(Monday) to respond to your classmates. Your grade will reflect
both the quality of your
initial post and the depth of your responses. Refer to the
Discussion Forum Grading
Rubric under the Settings icon above for guidance on how y
our discussion will be
evaluated.

7. Report Writing
What is the function of the “limitations” section of a marketing
research report? What
limitations exist in the marketing research project you designed
for your Final Paper?
Respond to at least two of your classmates.
Week 5
-
discussin 1 replies (please place name and
number next to each reply
…
#1
Adalberto Beattie
Yesterday
Apr
17
at

8. 9:32pm
Manage
Discussion
Entry
There are always going to be benefits to marketing research,
and often those are easy
to see once the finished product is complete. However the b
enefits can only be realized
if there is adequate thought given to the part of the marketing
research plan that
focuses on the limitations. The reason, or function for the
limitation section of a
marketing research plan is two fold. First the limitation se
ction lays out the possible
constraints to the product or service research in such a way as
to outline what
potentially could hold the research back. According to our text,
“The limitations section
is an honest accounting of major aspects of the research t
hat constrain or temper the

9. Week 5 discussion 1 and discussion 1 replies
This includes the original discussion and then the
replies…
Week 5 - Discussion 1
Your initial discussion thread is due on Day 3 (Thursday) and
you have until Day 7
(Monday) to respond to your classmates. Your grade will reflect
both the quality of your
initial post and the depth of your responses. Refer to the
Discussion Forum Grading
Rubric under the Settings icon above for guidance on how your
discussion will be
evaluated.
Report Writing
What is the function of the “limitations” section of a marketing
research report? What
limitations exist in the marketing research project you designed
for your Final Paper?
Respond to at least two of your classmates.
Week 5-discussin 1 replies (please place name and
number next to each reply…
#1Adalberto Beattie

10. YesterdayApr 17 at 9:32pm
Manage Discussion Entry
There are always going to be benefits to marketing research,
and often those are easy
to see once the finished product is complete. However the
benefits can only be realized
if there is adequate thought given to the part of the marketing
research plan that
focuses on the limitations. The reason, or function for the
limitation section of a
marketing research plan is two fold. First the limitation section
lays out the possible
constraints to the product or service research in such a way as
to outline what
potentially could hold the research back. According to our text,
“The limitations section
is an honest accounting of major aspects of the research that
constrain or temper the

11. Experiment 1: Building a Stream
Channel erosion can be determined by the carrying capacity of
the stream for various sediments. In this experiment, you will
use a mix of sediment and a steady flow of water to recreate
stream development. You will then conduct key streamflow
measurements and calculations.
Materials
Fine Gravel
Funnel
Ruler
Sand
Soil
Stream Ramp
*Water
Procedure
1. Assemble the stream ramp by folding the end under the ramp
and inserting the tab in the relevant slot, as pictured in Figure 4.

12. For additional support, tape down the elevated end of the ramp.
Figure 4: Assembled stream ramp.
2. Measure out 300 mL each of soil, sand and gravel and mix.
Place mixture on the upper two-thirds of the surface and smooth
evenly.
3. Slowly pour water at surface top through funnel for one
minute to simulate a stream. Draw a map to scale of the water
channel created using an arrow to indicate flow direction.
Describe what effect the water had on the soil. Was there any
erosion? Deposition? Did the water flow straight or meander?
Record your data in Table 1.
4. Continue adding water for two minutes. Describe changes
from the initial one-minute activity. Be sure and note the effects
of running water on the sand, soil, or gravel. Which was
transported? When you increased the volume of water, did it
change the pattern of erosion and deposition? Which particle
sizes made the water look muddy? Record your data in Table 2.
5. Measure your stream width and depth in three different
locations. Use the velocity given in Table 2 to calculate the
water discharge. Include units in your answer.
Table 1: Observations
Observations after 1 minute

13. Observations after 2 minutes
Table 2: Observations
Trial
Velocity
Stream Width (cm)
Average Depth (cm)
Discharge
1
7.2 cm/s
2
3

14. Please refer to the document download located in the
Introduction for your experiment data tables and Post-Lab
Questions.
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All Rights Reserved