2 A. Sample, 3 PHI 2604 CREATING YOUR OUTLINE A good practice before you write your paper is to create an outline. This should include 1) your thesis statement (main argument), 2) an outline and 3) a works cited page. Follow the MLA style unless otherwise clarified with the professor. The outline should be more detailed than just noting a) Introduction, b) argument, c) conclusion. This is too superficial to be helpful for you. Instead consider the main concepts that you will explain, or the main argument you will make and how each of the elements of the paper fit together. In developing your outline, it may be helpful to keep the following in mind regarding philosophy papers: "A philosophy paper presents a reasoned defense of some thesis. So a philosophy paper typically does at least one of the following: • Defends a thesis by offering plausible reasons to support it • Defends a thesis by showing that arguments against it are unconvincing • Criticizes a thesis by showing that the arguments for it are unconvincing • Contrasts two or more views on a given issue and argue for one view over the other." Source: Bumpus, Ann. “Writing the Philosophy Paper.” Dartmouth University. 2004. A. Sample PHI 2604 – Critical Thinking/Ethics Professor Sample 18th October, 2019 Negative Consequences: Single Use Plastic and Its Detriment to the Greater Good Environmental pollution is detrimental to non-human well-being and one of the major contributors is the creation of single use plastic, much of which ends up in the oceans. We have all seen the disturbing images of turtles with plastic bags around their necks or whales, sharks and dolphins whose post-mortems reveal stomachs full of plastic debris (Hastings, 209). However, single use plastic is also detrimental to human well-being because, I argue, human health and happiness is only possible within a thriving and healthy environment. In other words, single use plastic is a moral concern. In this paper, I review single use plastic according to the utilitarian principle that we ought “to act according to the greater good for the greater number,” (Bentham, 205) and that we ought to do our utmost to reduce suffering in both human and non-human species. I also consider Bentham’s claim that “one only counts as one” and argue that from a utilitarian perspective, we should dissuade the production of single use plastic. Outline I. Thesis (see above) II. Explanation of plastic pollution and its impact on the oceans and sea life. Include details of human suffering as a “Cascade Effect” of plastic pollution. Include statistics from a valid source and relevant quotes. III. An explanation of Utilitarianism and how it can be used to argue for the banning of single use plastic. You can explain the framework and how it was developed to guard against ethical egoism and the self-interest of the wealt.

1. 2
A. Sample,
3
PHI 2604 CREATING YOUR OUTLINE
A good practice before you write your paper is to create an
outline. This should include 1) your thesis statement (main
argument), 2) an outline and 3) a works cited page.
Follow the MLA style unless otherwise clarified with the
professor.
The outline should be more detailed than just noting a)
Introduction, b) argument, c) conclusion. This is too superficial
to be helpful for you. Instead consider the main concepts that
you will explain, or the main argument you will make and how
each of the elements of the paper fit together.
In developing your outline, it may be helpful to keep the
following in mind regarding philosophy papers:
"A philosophy paper presents a reasoned defense of some thesis.
So a philosophy paper typically does at least one of the
following:
• Defends a thesis by offering plausible reasons to support it
• Defends a thesis by showing that arguments against it are
unconvincing
• Criticizes a thesis by showing that the arguments for it are
unconvincing
• Contrasts two or more views on a given issue and argue for
one view over the other."

2. Source: Bumpus, Ann. “Writing the Philosophy Paper.”
Dartmouth University. 2004.
A. Sample
PHI 2604 – Critical Thinking/Ethics
Professor Sample
18th October, 2019
Negative Consequences: Single Use Plastic and Its Detriment to
the Greater Good
Environmental pollution is detrimental to non-human well-being
and one of the major contributors is the creation of single use
plastic, much of which ends up in the oceans. We have all seen
the disturbing images of turtles with plastic bags around their
necks or whales, sharks and dolphins whose post-mortems
reveal stomachs full of plastic debris (Hastings, 209). However,
single use plastic is also detrimental to human well-being
because, I argue, human health and happiness is only possible
within a thriving and healthy environment. In other words,
single use plastic is a moral concern. In this paper, I review
single use plastic according to the utilitarian principle that we
ought “to act according to the greater good for the greater
number,” (Bentham, 205) and that we ought to do our utmost to
reduce suffering in both human and non-human species. I also
consider Bentham’s claim that “one only counts as one” and
argue that from a utilitarian perspective, we should dissuade the
production of single use plastic.
Outline
I. Thesis (see above)
II. Explanation of plastic pollution and its impact on the oceans

3. and sea life. Include details of human suffering as a “Cascade
Effect” of plastic pollution. Include statistics from a valid
source and relevant quotes.
III. An explanation of Utilitarianism and how it can be used to
argue for the banning of single use plastic. You can explain the
framework and how it was developed to guard against ethical
egoism and the self-interest of the wealthy minority. Use quotes
from Bentham, Mill and/or Singer.
IV. Further connect the Utilitarian principle with action for
environmental well-being and also consider why it is also for
the greater good for those individuals who do not care about the
ocean or sea-life.
V. Conclusion: Restatement of the main argument
Works Cited Example (separate page)
Bentham, Jeremy, “An Introduction to the Principles of Morals
and Legislation” Reading
in Moral Philosophy, ed. Jonathan Wolff, New York: W.W.
Norton & Company,
2018.
Blackstone, William T. “The Environment and Ethics.” The
Hastings Center Report, vol. 7,
no. 6, 1977, pp. 16–18. JSTOR,
www.jstor.org/stable/3560892
Mill, John Stuart, “Utilitarianism,” Readings in Moral
Philosophy ed. Jonathan
Wolff, New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2018
Running Head: MARKET ANALYSIS FOR INITIATIVES 1
MARKET ANALYSIS FOR INITIATIVES 2
Introduction

4. There are many organizationsthat established and maintain
business plan to make sure the strategies are implemented
properly set forward by the business to achieve its targets.
Business organizations which are small-size and not in
international business at present may consider entering into
international market to increase it market share. The business
plans made by many organizations are to properly assess the
factors related to going global, and outline the steps necessary
to achieve success. The global business plan is used as a guide
to the organization which can depend on it to make decisions
regarding important functions when it enters the international
market. The global business plan also serves as guide by the key
stakeholders and investors to their investment decisions.
The easiest way to identify the potential market, the
person should be able to identify customer requirements that
share common characteristics. The characteristics of a consumer
can be “hard” variables such as age, gender, place of residence,
educational qualification, profession and level of income or
“soft” variables such as lifestyle, attitude, values and
purchasing motivations. Hard variable helps us to analyse the
number of potential customers a business can have. In case,
imagine a diapers producer should acknowledge the number of
children under 3 years live in a country and also the birth rate.
The soft variables are used to analyse the motivations which
leads to make decision to purchase and includes price, prestige,
convenience, durability and design (Gurtoo, A 2009).
Transnational Plan for Global Business Opportunities
For business, there are two important topics in economics and
international trade are absolute advantage and comparative
advantage. They are responsible for how and why nations and
businesses allot resources to the production of specified goods.
In separation, absolute advantage explains about the situation in
which an individual can make a product at a higher quality and
at a faster rate for a greater profit than another business or
company can finish it. Whereas comparative advantage is totally

5. different from the absolute advantage because it takes into
consideration the opportunity costs involved when choosing to
manufacture multiple types of goods with limited resources.
There will be a lot of confusion while starting a new business
and rather daunting task. For the small business development
there is a new source named ESRI business analyst online,
which helps in identify and analyse business opportunities. This
type of analyst is used to translate a wide information about
business and marketing into easy and understanding language
preferred which is accessible by all audiences. Even you are at
the middle of the business process, business analyst gives an
overview of: 1) sales, 2) target customers, 3) market
opportunity, and 4) representations of data which includes
maps, graphs, statistics, etc (Saraf, N 2013).
It also helps in finding suitable locations for the business
through quickly created visuals showing locations and
competitor locations. Business analyst will also help you to
analyse: 1) demographics 2) drive time 3) sales volume 4)
property costs 5) where to build 6) re-modelling and 7)
relocating.
Market Analysis
The tools and wizards which were provided will help you
recover and share your options to improve informed decision
making by creating standard models and analyses (Webb, JW,
2014).
SWOT Analysis
SWOT analysis is a business analysis process that ensures
the objectives for the project are clearly defined and factors that
are related to the project are clearly defined. The SWOT
analysis process is involving in four areas they are 1) strength
2) weaknesses 3) opportunities and 4) threats. When doing the
SWOT analysis, they consider both internal and external
components. The following steps are brief about the SWOT
analysis (Webb, JW, 2014).
Strength – The strengths are necessary for the ultimate success

6. of the project. Examples of strengths 1) strong brand name 2)
good reputation and 3) cost advantages of proprietary know-
how.
Weaknesses- This could prevent the successful result within the
project are weaknesses. There are some weaknesses included 1)
weak brand name, 2) poor reputation, and 3) ineffective and
high-cost structure.
Opportunities- This will help achieve the goals set for the
project. There are some opportunities included 1) arrival of new
technology 2) unfulfilled customer needs and 3) taking business
courses.
Threats- These external factors which seriously affect the
success of the project or a business venture. There are some
other threats included 1) trend changes 2) new regulations and
3) new substitute products.
When we were starting a new business, it is some default to
understand the competition and how we can overcome them.
There are so many competitors in the business, some of them
are fully knowledge while others are not fully knowledge but we
need to consider all. Direct competitors there are some people
who supply the same product as you to the same target to the
market. Indirect competitors – in this competition some people
offer the similar product which will satisfy your customer’s
need. The bargaining power of your suppliers – This is another
potential competitor. In which they will sell your product
directly to the consumer. Customer expectations have gone high
and industry competition is increasing day by day (Saraf, N.
2013).
Conclusion
Keeping all these above considerations, I would like to
say that businesses should improve results and increase
efficiency under constant pressure. At the same time, the
amount of data and its kind have grown exponentially-
companies can now assemble this information from across their
organization and across broader industry sources. Access to this

7. huge and increasing pool of data creates an important
competitive advantage and provides a special opportunity to
conduct in-depth market research – offering a high observation
into recent sales trends, critical business improvements and
gaps in the market to abuse. Due to increasing the globalisation
in the past decades even the small companies were able to cross
the international and doing their business. There are many terms
and condition for the companies who is operating the multiple
countries: multinational, global business, transnational
companies, international firms etc. For example, the Bartlett &
Ghoshal matrix (1989) who is operating the business in the
internationally in multiple forms. The both Bartlett & Ghoshal
where concentrated their business based on the two criteria:
global integration and second local responsiveness. The
business which is highly globally integrated have the option to
reduce the cost (Webb, JW, 2014).
References
Gurtoo, A and Williams, CC (2009), “Entrepreneurship and the
informal sector: Some lessons from India”. International Journal
of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 10(1), 55-62.
Saraf, N and Banerjee, B. (2013). “Global Entrepreneurship
Monitor, India Report”, available at
fill://C:/Documents/Downloads/gem-india-20B-report-
1431704366.pdf (accessed on February 10, 2016).
Webb, JW, Ireland, RD and Ketchen, DJ (2014). “Towards a
greater understanding of entrepreneurship and strategy in the
informal economy”. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 8(1), 1-
15.
PHI 2604
Instructions and Goal Setting: Writing A Brilliant Paper!

8. 1) The Goal
Students will be able to formulate an argument in defense of
stricter environmental protection using any of the Ethical
Frameworks discussed including, Epicurean Hedonism and/or
Utilitarianism or Ethical Egoism and/or Social Contract Theory.
As this is a transferrable skill, students will learn how to think
through any ethical issues, including personal ones, by utilizing
any of these frameworks.
2) Tone
This is a formal research paper. You should only use first-
person sentence constructions in your conclusion IF you are
offering your own opinion supported by the research.
Otherwise, the entire paper should be in the third person.
3) Who is your audience?
You are writing for an audience who has some knowledge of
environmental concerns. Your paper is trying to show them
through logical argumentation why environmental issues are an
ethical concern and why you advocate for specific changes in
lifestyle or policies.
4) The Basic Requirements
The paper must be a minimum of 3-pages (900 words). It should
be in MLA style (please reference the style guide from the
library) and include a minimum of two works cited. One of
these can be one of our books (you can use both if you wish of
course) and one outside source. You may use more sources, but
not less. Your references must be peer-reviewed references and
should not include works such as Sparknotes, Wikipedia,
Collegegradesaver and such.
5) Schedule Planner
Students often leave their paper until the last moment. This not
only compromises the quality of the work but also the personal
gain and understanding that comes with allowing enough time
for ideas to process. You are not a machine, but a human, and
ideas take time to resonate. Use this graph to create a timeline
and schedule so that you can monitor your own progress and
keep on track.

9. TIMELINE
Library Research
Outline
Works Cited Draft
Paper Draft
Final Paper Upload & printed copy
DUE DATE
18TH October class time
6) Assistance
You may come to see me during office hours and if these are
not convenient, then let me know what would be and I will try
to accommodate your schedule. I will happily review a rough
draft and give you tips.
7) Common Mistakes
It is easy to overlook small but important mistakes: the format
of the paper, grammar, using proper sources, laying out your
works cited and using in text citations for all works reviewed.
Criteria
Exceeds (A)
Meets (B)

10. Approaches (C)
Does Not Meet Requirements
MLA Format including Works Cited (formatting only)
A Descriptive Title
Shows a good understanding of the principle(s) of ethical
frameworks used
Strong thesis argument utilizing the ethical framework to
address an environmental issue
Strength of conclusion utilizing the ethical framework
Minimum Requirements for the Works Cited
Works Cited Minimum Achieved

11. In Text Citations Used as Necessary