1. The document provides an overview of pipe and tube specifications including differences in size, thickness, pressure ratings, material grades and standards. It discusses nominal pipe size, diameter, schedule, and material composition. 2. Material grades and standards from organizations like ANSI, ASME, ISO are reviewed. Common carbon and stainless steel types and their material designations are listed. 3. Pressure ratings for pipes and flanges from standards like ASME, DIN, and EN are defined including PN ratings and corresponding pressures in bars. Flange pressure classes and their relationships are explained.

1. Vale Pre-Knowledge
閥的入門知識
Lesson 1
By Maygan Yang 2018/1/2

2. 1.1 Pipe vs Tube, what’s the difference?
Size:
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS)
Nominal Bore (NB)
Diameter Nominal (DN)
Size:
outside diameter
millimeter, inches
Thickness:
schedule number Thickness:
millimeter, inches, BWG
(birmingham wire gauge)
OD:
up to 12"
larger than corresponding pipe size
OD:
equal to corresponding pipe size
Pressure rating:
Pressure rating:
Not required
Join: (tedious)
flanges,thread,weld
Join: (easily)
Any form

3. 1.2 Codes and Standards
• ANSI -American National Standards Institute (NPO)
• ASME-American Society of Mechanical Engineers (forum of ANSI)
• BSi-British Standards Institute
• DIN-Deutsches Institut für Normung
• JIS - Japanese Industrial Standards
• ISO-International Organization for Standardization
• CEN-The European Committee for Standardization (EN)
• UNS- Unified Numbering Syestem
• IEC-International Electrotechnical Commission

4. 1.3 Material Specifications
Material
Pressure
Size
Connection

5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=InwUp3TmZzs
1.4 Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, Cast Iron
• Steel can be classified in number of ways:
• Major alloying elements
• Microstructural makeup
• Processing methods
• Intended applications
Chromium>10.5%

6. 1.5 Material grade
Nominal Designation
成份代稱
Casting
鑄造品
Casting
鑄造品
JIS ASTM UNS No. JIS ASTM
18Cr-8Ni-0.1C SCS12 A743-CF20 - - -
18Cr-8Ni-0.06C SCS13A A351-CF8 J92600 SUS F304 A182-F304
18Cr-8Ni-Low C SCS19A A351-CF3 J92600 SUS F304L A182-F304L
25Cr-20Ni-0.2C SCS18 A351-CK20 J94202 SUS F310 A182-F310
18Cr-12Ni-2.5Mo-0.06C SCS14A A351-CF8M J92900 SUS F316 A182-F316
18Cr-12Ni-2.5Mo-Low C SCS16A A351-CF3M J92800 SUS F316L A182-F316L

7. https://www.kitz.co.jp/english2/pressure_range.html
1.6 Material Type of Rating by Group
Standard Designation Nominal pressure Remarks
JIS
K
5, 10, 16, 20, 30 Steel
(Japan) 5, 7.5, 10, 16, 20
Cast iron : for 7.5 water
pipe
5, 10, 16 Copper alloy
ASME
Class
75, 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, 2500, 4500 Steel
(USA) 125, 250
Cast iron: for 7.5 water
pipe
150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, 2500 Copper alloy
DIN
PN
2.5, 6, 10, 16, 25, 40, 63, 100 Steel
(Germany) 2.5, 6, 10, 16, 25
Cast iron: for 7.5 water
pipe
BS Class 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, 2500 Steel
(UK) PN 2.5, 6, 10, 16, 25, 40
Steel, cast iron, copper
alloy

8. 1.7 Pressure ratings –ASME flanges
Endress+Hauser http://www.merteh.lv/eh/pdf/TI00432FEN.PDF

9. 1.8 Pressure ratings –EN flanges
Endress+Hauser http://www.merteh.lv/eh/pdf/TI00432FEN.PDF

10. 1.9 Pressure ratings –EN flanges
Endress+Hauser http://www.merteh.lv/eh/pdf/TI00432FEN.PDF

11. 1.10 Pressure ratings- Pressure numbers (PN)
• Piping Class Ratings based on the ASME B16.5 - Pipe Flanges and
Flanged Fittings: NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard - class
and the corresponding ISO 7005 PN (Pression Nominal*) ratings:
Flange Class 150 300 400 600 900 1500 2500
Flange Pressure Nominal
(PN)
20 50 68 110 150 260 420
* "Pression Nominal" is the French equivalent of Pressure Nominal
"Pression Nominal" is the rating designator followed by a designation number indicating the
approximate pressure rating in bars.
1 bar = 1x105 Pa (N/m2) = 0.1 N/mm2 = 10,197 kp/m2 = 10.20 m H2O = 0.98692 atm = 14.5038
psi (lbf/in2)
PN ratings do not provide a proportional relationship between different PN numbers, whereas
class numbers do. Class numbers are therefore recommended before PN ratings.
Note! The piping rating must follow the pressure-temperature rating of the weakest pressure
containing item in the system.
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/flanges-pn-pressure-ratings-d_46.html

12. 1.11 Material Size
Diameter Nominal Nominal Pipe Size Outside Diameter Outside Diameter
DN NPS
(mm) (inches) (mm) (inches)
6 1/8 10.29 0.405
8 1/4 13.72 0.540
10 3/8 17.15 0.675
15 1/2 21.34 0.840
20 3/4 26.67 1.050
25 1 33.40 1.315
32 1 1/4 42.16 1.660
40 1 1/2 48.26 1.900
50 2 60.33 2.375
65 2 1/2 73.03 2.875
80 3 88.90 3.500
100 4 114.30 4.500
150 6 168.28 6.625
200 8 219.08 8.625
250 10 273.05 10.750
300 12 323.85 12.750

13. 1.12 Connection Type –Flange, Weld, Thread

14. 11.13 Usage Pressure
Mpa Bar Kgf/cm2 psi KPa
0.1 1 10.197 14.504 100
0.2 2 20.394 29.007 200
0.3 3 30.591 43.511 300
0.4 4 40.789 58.014 400
0.5 5 50.986 72.518 500
0.6 6 61.183 87.022 600