SDM

1. THE STUDY OF ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR
Dr. Rahmi Fahmy, SE, MBA
MM FE - UNAND

2. What is an Organization?
◦ Consciously coordinated social unit
◦ Composed of two or more people
◦ Functions on a continuous basis to achieve a common goal
◦ Characterized by formal roles that define the behavior of its
members
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3. The Characteristics of
an Organization
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Purpose
Structure
People
3

4. The Levels of an Organization
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Middle
Managers
First-Line
Managers
Front-Line Employees
Top
Managers
Supervise
Others
Work
on Jobs
4

5. Challenges Facing Organizations
◦ Globalization
◦ Changing nature of
competition
◦ Demographic changes and
diversity
◦ Lack of interpersonal (people)
skills
◦ Changing nature of competitive
advantage, including
innovation
6.Managing change
7.Changes in the employee –
employer relationship, including
declining loyalty
8.Increase in the number and
severity of work/life conflicts
9.Importance of ethics
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6. Organizational Behavior
◦ The study of human perceptions, attitudes, behavior, and thus
performance in organizations
◦ Intended to help us predict and control behavior and
performance outcomes
◦ Behavior is influenced by personal and situational factors
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7. Contributing Disciplines
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Psychology seeks to
measure,explain,
and change
behavior
Sociology studies
people in relation to their
fellow human beings
Social psychology
focuses on the
influence of people
on one another
Anthropology is the
study of societies
to learn about human
beings and their activities
Political science is the
study of the
behavior of individuals
and groups within
a political environment

8. Foundations of Organizational Behavior
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Individual
Group
Organization
Study of
Organizational
Behavior
Social Psychology
Political Science
Anthropology
Psychology
Sociology
See Exhibit 1.3, p. 10, for additional detail

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Understanding
Organizational Behavior
Individual
Differences
Fundamental
Consistencies
Intuition
Systematic
Study

10. Basic OB Model, Stage I
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11. EXHIBIT 3-8
What may happen in traditional objective setting.
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12. Assumptions
◦ OB follows principles of human behavior – each persons
is different. Employee as a unique embodiment
◦ Organizations are social systems – authority, status, and
power, and people have varying needs
◦ Multiple factors shape OB – no one best way to
manage
◦ Structure and process affect organizational behavior
and emergent culture.
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13. Three Perspectives on effectiveness
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Individual
effectiveness
Group
effectiveness
Organizational
effectiveness

14. Causes of effectiveness
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Individual
effectiveness
Group
effectiveness
Organizational
effectiveness
Causes
Ability
Knowledge
Attitude
Motivation
Stress
Causes
Cohesiveness
Leadership
Structure
Status
Roles
Norms
Causes
Environment
Technology
Strategic
Choice
Structure
Process
Culture

15. Three ways to think about effectiveness
◦ Goal approach. Emphasize the central role of goal
achievement
◦ System theory
◦ Stakeholders approach
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