Onion is an important vegetable crop grown in India. The document discusses the botany, taxonomy, production, and breeding of onion. It summarizes that onion is a biennial herb grown in India on 3,95,500 hectares annually producing 40,80,000 metric tons. Several breeding methods have been used for onion improvement including introduction, selection, hybridization and development of disease-resistant varieties with high yield and quality.
Seed Production Technology of Vegetative propagated vegetables.BajrangKusro
This document provides information on vegetative propagation in vegetables. It defines vegetative propagation as increasing the number of plants of a particular species through methods other than seeds, such as using rhizomes, corms, stolons, and tubers. Some advantages are that new plants are clones of the parent with identical genetics and can tolerate a wide range of growing conditions. Some disadvantages are reduced biodiversity and increased susceptibility to pests and diseases. Naturally vegetatively propagated vegetables include bulbs, rhizomes, stolons and tubers, while artificially propagated ones include cuttings, grafting, and tissue culture.
Selection: pure line, mass and pedigree breeding methods for self pollinated ...Vinod Pawar
This document discusses different selection methods used in self-pollinating crops, including pure line selection, mass selection, and pedigree selection. Pure line selection involves selecting the best individual plants and propagating their progeny to create homogeneous varieties. Mass selection selects many plants with desirable traits and mixes their seeds to create heterogeneous varieties with wider adaptation. Pedigree selection maintains records of each selected plant's ancestry over multiple generations to develop homogeneous, homozygous varieties taking 14-15 years.
This document provides an overview of plant breeding principles and methods. It discusses the history and objectives of plant breeding, as well as both conventional and non-conventional methods. The conventional methods covered include mass selection, pure line selection, pedigree selection, bulk selection, and backcrossing for self-pollinated crops. For cross-pollinated crops, it discusses mass selection, modified mass selection, recurrent selection, reciprocal recurrent selection, hybrid varieties, and synthetic varieties. The document also provides brief summaries of achievements in plant breeding in India.
Floral Biology, Selfing & Crossing techniques and Seed Production on MustardDhaval Bhanderi
This document provides information about mustard floral biology, selfing and crossing techniques, and hybrid seed production. It discusses the floral structure of mustard, including the androecium and gynoecium. It describes selfing using muslin bags and crossing techniques involving emasculation and controlled pollination. The document outlines breeding objectives like higher yield, biotic/abiotic stress resistance. It also discusses breeding methods used in mustard like hybridization, mass selection and hybrid seed production using cytoplasmic genetic male sterility system with A, B, and R lines.
Onion is an important field crop and it is widely cultivated as a spice crop in Bangladesh. The major onion growing districts in Bangladesh are Rajshahi, Faridpur, Pabna, Meherpur, Kushtia, Magura, Bogura, Rangpur, Thakurgaon, Dinajpur, Jamalpur etc. Although different types of improved onion varieties are cultivated here in this country but the two popular local varieties namely ‘Taherpuri’ and ‘Faridpuri’ have good market demand in the market due to their good bulb shape, size, taste, flavour, pungency and storability. However, no improvement of these 2 varieties have been done so far as a result the yield of these 2 local varieties is poor and the bulb quality has been deteriorated significantly. Among these 2 popular varieties, in an effort to improve the variety ‘Taherpuri’; bulb samples of local ‘Taherpuri’ variety were collected and after following a series of breeding steps finally the improvement of the local stock has been made at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre. It has been released as ‘Improved Taherpuri’ onion variety which is characterized by excellent plant vigour, good uniformity rate, larger bulb size having good taste and storability. Its yield has been recorded as 10-12 Mt/acre with better bulb shape, size, bulb wt. (bulb wt. 40-45gm) and good bulb quality as well. Desirable quantity of good quality seeds was also obtained from the newly developed improved variety. #To enjoy my you tube video on onion seed production please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGbLuxvsVT4&t=98s
Chillies are an important crop scientifically classified under the plant kingdom, angiosperms, order Solanales, family Solanaceae, genus Capsicum. The document discusses several Capsicum species including C. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens and their importance, cultivation, breeding objectives and varieties in India. It provides details on the floral biology, breeding methods, objectives and strategies used in chilli breeding programs. It concludes with an overview of major chilli varieties cultivated across different states in India.
- The document discusses the production technology of bulbous crops like onion and garlic. It provides details on various aspects of cultivation such as soil and climatic requirements, varieties grown in different regions of India, propagation, planting methods, manure and fertilizer application, irrigation practices, and physiological disorders. It also lists the botanical classification and importance of onion and garlic as important bulb crops in India.
Advances in crop improvement of brinjal .pptxAgnivesh Yadav
Brinjal is important crop of tropical and subtropical areas, so this slide contains some of the breeding aspects of the brinjal crop and also some crop related informatin.
Seed Production Technology of Vegetative propagated vegetables.BajrangKusro
This document provides information on vegetative propagation in vegetables. It defines vegetative propagation as increasing the number of plants of a particular species through methods other than seeds, such as using rhizomes, corms, stolons, and tubers. Some advantages are that new plants are clones of the parent with identical genetics and can tolerate a wide range of growing conditions. Some disadvantages are reduced biodiversity and increased susceptibility to pests and diseases. Naturally vegetatively propagated vegetables include bulbs, rhizomes, stolons and tubers, while artificially propagated ones include cuttings, grafting, and tissue culture.
Selection: pure line, mass and pedigree breeding methods for self pollinated ...Vinod Pawar
This document discusses different selection methods used in self-pollinating crops, including pure line selection, mass selection, and pedigree selection. Pure line selection involves selecting the best individual plants and propagating their progeny to create homogeneous varieties. Mass selection selects many plants with desirable traits and mixes their seeds to create heterogeneous varieties with wider adaptation. Pedigree selection maintains records of each selected plant's ancestry over multiple generations to develop homogeneous, homozygous varieties taking 14-15 years.
This document provides an overview of plant breeding principles and methods. It discusses the history and objectives of plant breeding, as well as both conventional and non-conventional methods. The conventional methods covered include mass selection, pure line selection, pedigree selection, bulk selection, and backcrossing for self-pollinated crops. For cross-pollinated crops, it discusses mass selection, modified mass selection, recurrent selection, reciprocal recurrent selection, hybrid varieties, and synthetic varieties. The document also provides brief summaries of achievements in plant breeding in India.
Floral Biology, Selfing & Crossing techniques and Seed Production on MustardDhaval Bhanderi
This document provides information about mustard floral biology, selfing and crossing techniques, and hybrid seed production. It discusses the floral structure of mustard, including the androecium and gynoecium. It describes selfing using muslin bags and crossing techniques involving emasculation and controlled pollination. The document outlines breeding objectives like higher yield, biotic/abiotic stress resistance. It also discusses breeding methods used in mustard like hybridization, mass selection and hybrid seed production using cytoplasmic genetic male sterility system with A, B, and R lines.
Onion is an important field crop and it is widely cultivated as a spice crop in Bangladesh. The major onion growing districts in Bangladesh are Rajshahi, Faridpur, Pabna, Meherpur, Kushtia, Magura, Bogura, Rangpur, Thakurgaon, Dinajpur, Jamalpur etc. Although different types of improved onion varieties are cultivated here in this country but the two popular local varieties namely ‘Taherpuri’ and ‘Faridpuri’ have good market demand in the market due to their good bulb shape, size, taste, flavour, pungency and storability. However, no improvement of these 2 varieties have been done so far as a result the yield of these 2 local varieties is poor and the bulb quality has been deteriorated significantly. Among these 2 popular varieties, in an effort to improve the variety ‘Taherpuri’; bulb samples of local ‘Taherpuri’ variety were collected and after following a series of breeding steps finally the improvement of the local stock has been made at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre. It has been released as ‘Improved Taherpuri’ onion variety which is characterized by excellent plant vigour, good uniformity rate, larger bulb size having good taste and storability. Its yield has been recorded as 10-12 Mt/acre with better bulb shape, size, bulb wt. (bulb wt. 40-45gm) and good bulb quality as well. Desirable quantity of good quality seeds was also obtained from the newly developed improved variety. #To enjoy my you tube video on onion seed production please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGbLuxvsVT4&t=98s
Chillies are an important crop scientifically classified under the plant kingdom, angiosperms, order Solanales, family Solanaceae, genus Capsicum. The document discusses several Capsicum species including C. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens and their importance, cultivation, breeding objectives and varieties in India. It provides details on the floral biology, breeding methods, objectives and strategies used in chilli breeding programs. It concludes with an overview of major chilli varieties cultivated across different states in India.
- The document discusses the production technology of bulbous crops like onion and garlic. It provides details on various aspects of cultivation such as soil and climatic requirements, varieties grown in different regions of India, propagation, planting methods, manure and fertilizer application, irrigation practices, and physiological disorders. It also lists the botanical classification and importance of onion and garlic as important bulb crops in India.
Advances in crop improvement of brinjal .pptxAgnivesh Yadav
Brinjal is important crop of tropical and subtropical areas, so this slide contains some of the breeding aspects of the brinjal crop and also some crop related informatin.
This document provides information on brinjal (eggplant), including its botanical classification, origins in India, distribution, uses, and breeding. Some key points:
- Brinjal is an important vegetable crop that is widely cultivated across Asia, especially in India. It has been cultivated in India for over 4,000 years.
- It is classified botanically as Solanum melongena in the family Solanaceae. Major brinjal growing states in India include Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka.
- Breeding efforts aim to develop varieties with traits like high yield, disease resistance, fruit quality. Popular released varieties include Pusa Purple Long, Arka Navne
This document provides information about red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). It discusses the plant's botanical name, family, origin, chromosome number, description of plants, flowers, pollination, and fruit. The core objectives of raspberry breeding programs are also summarized, which include high quality fruit, good yield, shelf life, adaptation to the local environment, and improved pathogen resistance. Breeding methods mentioned include hybridization, mutation, conservation of germplasm, and use of genetic markers.
cole vegetable definitions, it's origin, cabbage, and cauliflower floral formula, a botanical description of plant, floral botany, yield, nutrients value in curd and list of cole vegetables.
potato, caulilflower and cabbage breeding .pptxPremSidharthR
This document provides information on the breeding aspects of potato, cauliflower, and cabbage. It discusses the botanic classification, breeding objectives, conventional and modern breeding methods for these crops. It also mentions important improved varieties released by institutions like the Central Potato Research Institute in India. The document covers topics like taxonomy, origin, morphology, breeding objectives and methods for potato, cauliflower and cabbage.
ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF SWEET POTATOpavanknaik
This document provides information on sweet potato production technology and crop improvement. It discusses the botanical details of sweet potato, describes popular varieties from different research institutes in India, and outlines cultivation practices. It also summarizes some research studies that evaluated the effects of fertilizers, bio-regulators, and post-harvest techniques on sweet potato growth and yield.
This document summarizes research evaluating 10 chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) accessions for morphological and yield characteristics. The accessions were evaluated for 35 qualitative traits and 11 quantitative traits. Wide variation was found among the accessions for important fruit and seed yield characteristics. Certain accessions performed best or worst for traits like plant height, leaf size, fruit weight and number of locules/seeds that influence yield. The study found significant genetic diversity among the accessions for breeding programs to improve chili pepper varieties.
Breeding techniques in self pollinated crops presentationDev Hingra
1. Plant breeding techniques for self-pollinated crops include plant introduction, pure line selection, mass selection, pedigree method, bulk method, backcross method, and mutation breeding.
2. Pure line selection involves selecting individual plants, evaluating their progeny, and conducting yield trials to develop uniform varieties. Mass selection composites seed from selected plants for future planting.
3. Plant introduction is an oldest method that can introduce entirely new crop species or superior varieties from other regions. It provides germplasm for breeding programs.
Chili originated in Mexico and South America and was spread by Spain to Asia, where it was incorporated into local cuisines. In Malaysia, chili is popular among growers as a short-term crop, with the main producing states being Johor, Pahang, and Kelantan. Chili varieties like Kulai, MC4, MC5, MC11, and MC12 are recommended for their yields and disease resistance. Chili is grown through seed propagation and transplanting seedlings, with regular maintenance including fertilizing, pest and disease control, and harvesting based on maturity levels.
This document discusses the potato and sweet potato. It provides details on their botanical classification, origin in South America, importance as food crops, varieties commonly grown in India, and breeding objectives such as high yield, disease resistance, and quality traits. It also describes the centers for potato and sweet potato research and development, including the Central Potato Research Institute in India and the International Potato Center in Peru.
Agronomy is the study of soil management, crop production, and other agricultural practices. It deals with maximizing crop yields through practices like introducing new crop varieties, proper soil fertility management, and intensive cropping systems. The document discusses key agronomy concepts like the meaning and scope of agronomy, seed types and sowing methods, tillage and crop geometry. It also covers topics like essential plant nutrients, the difference between manures and fertilizers, and nutrient use efficiency. The overall document provides an introduction to fundamental agronomy concepts and practices.
This document provides an introduction to hybrid seed production technology for solanaceous vegetable crops such as tomato, brinjal, chilli, and capsicum. It discusses the history and importance of hybrids, describing their benefits over open-pollinated varieties. The key hybrid seed production techniques used for each crop are manual emasculation and pollination or use of genetic male sterility systems. The document also outlines challenges in hybrid seed production and provides practical tips.
This document provides information on several vegetable crops including tomato, chili pepper, eggplant, and okra. It discusses the origin, distribution, breeding objectives, and breeding methods for each crop. The key objectives of breeding programs are to develop varieties with higher yield, improved quality traits, and resistance to diseases and insects. Common breeding techniques used include pure line selection, pedigree selection, backcrossing, and heterosis breeding. Several improved varieties have been developed for each crop through these breeding efforts.
The document discusses the history and techniques of hybrid seed production in vegetable crops. Some key points:
- The concept of hybrid vigor was established in 1914 and the first hybrids in chili and bottle gourd were developed in the 1930s and 1970s respectively in India.
- Techniques for hybrid seed production include hand emasculation and pollination, male sterility systems, self-incompatibility, gynoecious lines, and use of plant growth regulators.
- Male sterility, self-incompatibility, and gynoecious lines allow for more efficient hybrid seed production compared to hand emasculation and pollination. These techniques are used commercially in crops like cucur
This document discusses hybridization techniques for fruits and flowers. It provides details on the meaning and objectives of hybridization. It then describes techniques specifically for mango, guava, and rose hybridization. For mangoes, it discusses the challenges of hybridization including high fruit drop and long generation times. It also explains breeding methods like selection, hybridization, and mutation breeding. For guavas, it discusses selection and hybridization results. For roses, it lists breeding objectives like continuous blooming and disease resistance. The document concludes with details on hybridization techniques for flowers generally.
This document provides an overview of improvement methods for chilli crops. It discusses the importance of chilli, its botanical classification and production areas. The key breeding objectives are then outlined such as increasing yield, pungency, and biotic/abiotic stress resistance. Major breeding methods used for chilli improvement are described in detail, including plant introduction and selection, hybridization techniques, and the development of some notable chilli varieties through these approaches. The role of genetic resources collections and heterosis breeding are also summarized.
This research proposal aims to improve the efficiency of producing double haploid plants in minipaprika (Capsicum annuum L.) via anther and microspore culture. The project will be conducted over 3 years at Kangwon National University and led by Professor Kang Won Hee, with PhD student Binod P. Luitel as the researcher. The proposal outlines the problem of high seed costs for minipaprika hybrids and aims to develop new varieties through haploid breeding techniques. Specific objectives include optimizing microspore culture and colchicine treatment to induce haploids and studying variation between spontaneous and induced double haploids.
Chickpea Seed Production Manual ~ icrisat.orgSeeds
This document provides an overview of chickpea seed production. It discusses the types of chickpea, general plant characteristics, climatic requirements, plant growth and development, seed systems in India, seed classes, seed production technology, management of diseases and insect pests, roguing, harvesting, threshing, seed processing, and storage. The goal is to provide comprehensive information on improved seed production technologies to grow a healthy chickpea seed crop and store chickpea seeds, which will be useful for all those involved in formal and informal seed systems.
This document provides information on brinjal (eggplant), including its botanical classification, origins in India, distribution, uses, and breeding. Some key points:
- Brinjal is an important vegetable crop that is widely cultivated across Asia, especially in India. It has been cultivated in India for over 4,000 years.
- It is classified botanically as Solanum melongena in the family Solanaceae. Major brinjal growing states in India include Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka.
- Breeding efforts aim to develop varieties with traits like high yield, disease resistance, fruit quality. Popular released varieties include Pusa Purple Long, Arka Navne
This document provides information about red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). It discusses the plant's botanical name, family, origin, chromosome number, description of plants, flowers, pollination, and fruit. The core objectives of raspberry breeding programs are also summarized, which include high quality fruit, good yield, shelf life, adaptation to the local environment, and improved pathogen resistance. Breeding methods mentioned include hybridization, mutation, conservation of germplasm, and use of genetic markers.
cole vegetable definitions, it's origin, cabbage, and cauliflower floral formula, a botanical description of plant, floral botany, yield, nutrients value in curd and list of cole vegetables.
potato, caulilflower and cabbage breeding .pptxPremSidharthR
This document provides information on the breeding aspects of potato, cauliflower, and cabbage. It discusses the botanic classification, breeding objectives, conventional and modern breeding methods for these crops. It also mentions important improved varieties released by institutions like the Central Potato Research Institute in India. The document covers topics like taxonomy, origin, morphology, breeding objectives and methods for potato, cauliflower and cabbage.
ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF SWEET POTATOpavanknaik
This document provides information on sweet potato production technology and crop improvement. It discusses the botanical details of sweet potato, describes popular varieties from different research institutes in India, and outlines cultivation practices. It also summarizes some research studies that evaluated the effects of fertilizers, bio-regulators, and post-harvest techniques on sweet potato growth and yield.
This document summarizes research evaluating 10 chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) accessions for morphological and yield characteristics. The accessions were evaluated for 35 qualitative traits and 11 quantitative traits. Wide variation was found among the accessions for important fruit and seed yield characteristics. Certain accessions performed best or worst for traits like plant height, leaf size, fruit weight and number of locules/seeds that influence yield. The study found significant genetic diversity among the accessions for breeding programs to improve chili pepper varieties.
Breeding techniques in self pollinated crops presentationDev Hingra
1. Plant breeding techniques for self-pollinated crops include plant introduction, pure line selection, mass selection, pedigree method, bulk method, backcross method, and mutation breeding.
2. Pure line selection involves selecting individual plants, evaluating their progeny, and conducting yield trials to develop uniform varieties. Mass selection composites seed from selected plants for future planting.
3. Plant introduction is an oldest method that can introduce entirely new crop species or superior varieties from other regions. It provides germplasm for breeding programs.
Chili originated in Mexico and South America and was spread by Spain to Asia, where it was incorporated into local cuisines. In Malaysia, chili is popular among growers as a short-term crop, with the main producing states being Johor, Pahang, and Kelantan. Chili varieties like Kulai, MC4, MC5, MC11, and MC12 are recommended for their yields and disease resistance. Chili is grown through seed propagation and transplanting seedlings, with regular maintenance including fertilizing, pest and disease control, and harvesting based on maturity levels.
This document discusses the potato and sweet potato. It provides details on their botanical classification, origin in South America, importance as food crops, varieties commonly grown in India, and breeding objectives such as high yield, disease resistance, and quality traits. It also describes the centers for potato and sweet potato research and development, including the Central Potato Research Institute in India and the International Potato Center in Peru.
Agronomy is the study of soil management, crop production, and other agricultural practices. It deals with maximizing crop yields through practices like introducing new crop varieties, proper soil fertility management, and intensive cropping systems. The document discusses key agronomy concepts like the meaning and scope of agronomy, seed types and sowing methods, tillage and crop geometry. It also covers topics like essential plant nutrients, the difference between manures and fertilizers, and nutrient use efficiency. The overall document provides an introduction to fundamental agronomy concepts and practices.
This document provides an introduction to hybrid seed production technology for solanaceous vegetable crops such as tomato, brinjal, chilli, and capsicum. It discusses the history and importance of hybrids, describing their benefits over open-pollinated varieties. The key hybrid seed production techniques used for each crop are manual emasculation and pollination or use of genetic male sterility systems. The document also outlines challenges in hybrid seed production and provides practical tips.
This document provides information on several vegetable crops including tomato, chili pepper, eggplant, and okra. It discusses the origin, distribution, breeding objectives, and breeding methods for each crop. The key objectives of breeding programs are to develop varieties with higher yield, improved quality traits, and resistance to diseases and insects. Common breeding techniques used include pure line selection, pedigree selection, backcrossing, and heterosis breeding. Several improved varieties have been developed for each crop through these breeding efforts.
The document discusses the history and techniques of hybrid seed production in vegetable crops. Some key points:
- The concept of hybrid vigor was established in 1914 and the first hybrids in chili and bottle gourd were developed in the 1930s and 1970s respectively in India.
- Techniques for hybrid seed production include hand emasculation and pollination, male sterility systems, self-incompatibility, gynoecious lines, and use of plant growth regulators.
- Male sterility, self-incompatibility, and gynoecious lines allow for more efficient hybrid seed production compared to hand emasculation and pollination. These techniques are used commercially in crops like cucur
This document discusses hybridization techniques for fruits and flowers. It provides details on the meaning and objectives of hybridization. It then describes techniques specifically for mango, guava, and rose hybridization. For mangoes, it discusses the challenges of hybridization including high fruit drop and long generation times. It also explains breeding methods like selection, hybridization, and mutation breeding. For guavas, it discusses selection and hybridization results. For roses, it lists breeding objectives like continuous blooming and disease resistance. The document concludes with details on hybridization techniques for flowers generally.
This document provides an overview of improvement methods for chilli crops. It discusses the importance of chilli, its botanical classification and production areas. The key breeding objectives are then outlined such as increasing yield, pungency, and biotic/abiotic stress resistance. Major breeding methods used for chilli improvement are described in detail, including plant introduction and selection, hybridization techniques, and the development of some notable chilli varieties through these approaches. The role of genetic resources collections and heterosis breeding are also summarized.
This research proposal aims to improve the efficiency of producing double haploid plants in minipaprika (Capsicum annuum L.) via anther and microspore culture. The project will be conducted over 3 years at Kangwon National University and led by Professor Kang Won Hee, with PhD student Binod P. Luitel as the researcher. The proposal outlines the problem of high seed costs for minipaprika hybrids and aims to develop new varieties through haploid breeding techniques. Specific objectives include optimizing microspore culture and colchicine treatment to induce haploids and studying variation between spontaneous and induced double haploids.
Chickpea Seed Production Manual ~ icrisat.orgSeeds
This document provides an overview of chickpea seed production. It discusses the types of chickpea, general plant characteristics, climatic requirements, plant growth and development, seed systems in India, seed classes, seed production technology, management of diseases and insect pests, roguing, harvesting, threshing, seed processing, and storage. The goal is to provide comprehensive information on improved seed production technologies to grow a healthy chickpea seed crop and store chickpea seeds, which will be useful for all those involved in formal and informal seed systems.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
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During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
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We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
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- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
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Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
KRISHNENDU SADHUKHAN 2021.pptx
1. Course No.: VSC 649 Date:09.03.2021
Masters’ Seminar: I
KRISHNENDU SADHUKHAN
M.Sc.(Hort.), 3rd Semester
Chairman: PROF. T. K. MAITY
Seminar Leaders:
DR. CHANDAN KARAK
DR. SIBSANKAR DAS
Faculty of Horticulture
Dept. of Vegetable Science
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur
CROP IMPROVEMENT IN ONION (Allium cepa L.)
4. AREA AND PRODUCTION
Onion is one of the important vegetable crops grown in
this country in a large area of 3,95,500ha producing
40,80,000mt bulbs for local consumption and export
perpose.
India ranks third in export after Netherlands and Spain.
In India Maharashtra is the leading onion producing state
with 23.4% area and 27.50% production followed by
Karnataka (19.90% area, 10.80% production).
The average yield per unit area in India is very low (10.6
tonnes/ha).
5. Botany
Biennial herb
Leaves are tubular
Bulbs are formed by attachment of swollen leaf base to underground
part of stem
Flowers are produced during second phase after bulb formation
Flowering structure : umbel
Taxonomy
Class: Monocotyledon
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Angiosperms
Order: Liliaceae
Family: Alliaceae
Genus: Allium
Species: cepa
6. Important Allium species
Allium cepa Common onion
Allium sativum Garlic
Allium cepa var. ascalonicum Shallot
Allium cepa var. aggregatum Potato onion or
multiplier onion.
Allium cepa var. viviparum Tree onion
Allium fistulosum Welsh onion or Japanese
bunching onion.
Allium ampeloprasum Great headed garlic.
Allium tuberosum Chinese Chive. Leaves are
consumed as leafy vegetable.
7. Classification of Allium cepa
Common onion: Allium cepa L. (2n=2x=16).
With large bulbs born singly and propagated
through seeds.
It mainly used as salad or curries.
Shallot: Allium cepa var. ascalonicum (2n=2x=16).
Produces bulbs in clusters on surface of soil.
The perennial onion produces seeds and propagated
through bulbs.
Potato onion or multiplier onion: Allium cepa var.
agrregatum (2n=2x=16).
Producing small bulbs brone in clusters and
generally propagated through small bulbs.
Tree onion: Allium cepa L. var viviparum(2n=2x=16).
It is a viviparous plant that grows as a perennial
underground bulb.
Bulb-lets are also used for propagation.
8. TYPES OF ONIONS BASED ON COLOUR
The Colour of Onions
I.Yellow Onions are full-flavoured and are a reliable
standby for cooking almost anything. Yellow onions
turn a rich, dark brown when cooked and give French
Onion Soup its tangy flavour.
II. Red Onions, with their wanderful colour, are a
good choice for lots of fresh uses or for grilling and
roasting.
III. White Onions are often used in prepared salads,
white sauces, and is the traditional onion for classic
Mexican cuisine.
9. Table1: Nutritive value of Onion
Sr. No Item Value
1 Energy 166KJ /40 kCal
2 Carbohydrates 9.34 g
3 Sugars 4.24 g
4 Dietary fibers 1.7 g
5 Fat 0.1 g
6 Protein 1.1 g
7 Water 89.11 g
8 Thiamine (B1) 0.046 mg
9 Riboflavin (B2) 0.027
10 Niacin (B3) 0.166 mg
11 Pantothenic acid
(B5)
19 microg
12 Vitamin B9 7.4 mg
13 Vitamin C 23 mg
Source: https://www.slideshare.net
10. FLORAL BIOLOGY
Anthesis occurs in early morning (6-7 hrs).
Anther dehiscence is between 7.00 and 17.00 hr and on
next day also with peak between 9.30 and 17.00 hr.
Pollen fertility is highest on the days of anthesis.
Sigma respectively is also high on the day of anthesis
(Jones, 1933)
The duration of anthesis is approximately 4 weeks on
interval umbel.
11. POLLINATION
Onion is cross-pollinated in nature and bees, flies and
other insects do pollination.
It is essential to ensure that there is sufficient population
of pollinating insects to achieve the full potential of
onion seed.
12. BREEDING
Onion is indigenous to India. Natural variability is
created constantly due to its outbreeding nature.
Local type cultivers like Nasik Red, Poona Red,
Patna Red and Bellary Red are the result of selection
by growers.
As a result, a number of varieties of common onion
and multiplier onion have been developed.
Introduction, mass selection, selfing and massing,
inbreeding, hybridization and heterosis breeding have
been used for improvement of onion.
13. Breeding objectives
1. High yield
2. Superior bulb quality traits (size, shape, colour, pungency,
firmness and dormancy), high total soluble solids content
important for dehydration industry, skin retention and high dry
matter
3. Resistance to diseases (purple blotch, basal rot, Stemphyllium
blight, anthracnose, pink root and bacterial rot).
4. Resistance to insect pests, mainly thrips
5. Resistance to abiotic stresses (moisture stress, high temperature,
salinity and alkalinity)
6. Development of high yielding varieties capable of producing
good seed yield
7. Development of varieties suitable for export market
8. Development of disease resistant F1 hybrids with superior quality
bulbs.
14. Germplasm resources
Following centers in india are maintaining the onion
germplasms/lines) :
1. Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research (DOGR),
Rajagurunagar, Pune.
2. National Bureau of Plant Genetics Resources (NBPGR),New
Delhi.
3. Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore.
4. Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi.
5. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
6. Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar
7. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore
8. Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi
15. Characteristics of an ideal bulb
Bulb should be attractive, uniform in size, shape,
colour and time of maturity.
It should consist flavour (pungency) as per
requirement, high dry matter and long storage life.
Additional desirable features are intact and
attractive skins, thick leaf scales (rings), single centred
bulb, thin neck and resistant to early bolting, disease
and pests.
16. Bulb colour:
White colour is preferable for
dehydration because pigmented
dehydrated products are most preferred.
Bulb shape:
Globe shape is preferred as it leads to
reduces waste during tailing and
topping.
Bulb size:
5.0 to 7.5 cm bulb diameter is preferable
Pungency:
High pungency is preferable
Density:
Firm bulbs with higher TSS, dry matter
are preferred.
17. Genetic control of bulb colour in onion
Bulb colour is one of the important traits in onion (A.
cepa L). Three major colours of white, yellow, red and
gold exist in onion germplasm.
The bulb colour is due to flavonoid compunds and 54
kinds of flavonoids have been reported in onion
(Slimestad et al. 2007)
The inactivation of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR)
in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway was responsible
for colour differences between yellow and red onions,
and two recessive alleles of the anthocyanin synthesis
gene were responsible for pink bulb colour (Kim et al.
2005b).
18. Breeding Methods
Introduction, mass selection, selfing and massing, inbreeding, hybridization
and heterosis breeding have been used for improvement of onion.
Plant Introduction: Early Grando is an introduction developed by this
method. In long day types--- Brown Spanish has also been developed.
Selection procedure
Mass–selection: Common in cross pollinated crops. Most of the varieties in
India have been developed by mass-selection.
Selfing and Massing: This method is very good for improvement in a
crop, where inbreeding depression is common. Improvement in a cultivar can
be affected by selfing followed by massing Jones and Mann(1963). The
procedure are follows:
First year (Bulb crop): Select 100 best bulbs of desired type.
Second year (seed crop): Grow selected bulbs, self one or more umbles
per plant to initiate a separate line each.
19. Third year (bulb crop): Grow the progenies of each inbreed lines
separately. Discard the poor performing lines during the growing season, at
harvest or in storage. Select at least 25 best lines and keep 15-20 bulbs of
each for selfing and open pollination next year.
Fourth year (seed crop): Self pollinate 1-2 umbes in each plant and
allow others to open pollinate. Mass open pollinated seed and increase for
large scale production for one or more production.
Fifth year (bulb crop): Grow the selfed progenies separately. Select
again the best 25 lines and 15-20 bulbs of each lines as above in the third
year.
Sixth year (seed crop): Composite and plant bulbs of all selections in
a field or in a case for free open pollination in between the unrelated lines.
The open pollinated seed can be massed and increased as foundation seed.
o Inbreeding: In any onion improvement programme a considerable
amount of inbreeding or selfing is necessary. Brown paper bags and three
rings muslin cloth bags are used for selfing (Thamburaj and Singh 2015).
20. Hybridization : Used when we want to introduce characters from other
varieties
a) Intervarietal : very common
b) Interspecific : very rare
Utilized in A. cepa × A. fistulosum
21. Heterosis breeding:
The F1 hybrids are high yielding with uniformity in bulb size, the
most desired characters.
One of the main components for exploration of heterosis in onion
is isolation of male-sterile lines. The male-sterile lines have been
isolated in Pusa Red at IARI, (Netra Pal et al. 1986).
Male-sterile lines have been also isolated at IIHR, Bangalore.
For heterosis breeding involves three important stages, namely
Production of inbreed lines
Testing combining ability of inbreed lines
Production the seeds of F1 hybrids.
22. The onion disease and insect pests, which cause heavy
losses are; Purple blotch (Alternaria porri), Stemphyllium
blight (Stemphyllium vesicarium), Fusarium Basal rot
(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae) etc. and insect pests viz;
Thrips (Thrips tabaco) and Maggots (Delia antiqua).
Germplasms showing resistance to various diseases and
insect pests have been identified and summarised in Table
2.
Breeding for disease and insect resistance
23. Table2: Sources of resistance to disease and insect pest in onion
Disease/Insect Level of resistance Source of resistance
Purple blotch Resistance IIHR 56-1
Moderately resistance Pusa Red, Pusa Ratnar, Arka
Kaiyan
Stemphyllium blight Tolerance IC-32176, 42900, 47954
Stemphyllium
blight+purple blotch
Tolerance IC-32176, 49121 and 48503
Basal rot Resistance Poona Red, Patna Red, IIHR-
141
Maggot Resistance A. Fistulosum (resistance to
Pink rot, Smut and onion
maggot)
24. Varieties :
In India about 42 varieties have been developed by
different Institutions, Agricultural universities and
different Organisations.
Common Onion
Multiplier Onion
25. Table3 : Onion varieties developed in India.
Common onion (Allium cepa L.) Red coloured varieties
Variety Source Characters
Pusa Red IARI •Red colourd bulbs, flattish round shape.
•Yield 25-30 tonnes/ha.
•Very good in storage and wider
adaptibility.
Sukhsagar Local/farmers
varietiey
• Suitable for temperate and subtropical
regions.
• Widely cultivated in West Bengal. Yield
20-25 tonnes/ha
Bhima Supar DOGR,
Rajgurunagar
•Bulbs attain maturity within 100-105
days kharif and 100- 120 days late kharif
•Average yield 20-22 t/ha kharif and 40-
45 t/ha late kharif
Bhima Red DOGR,
Rajgurunagar
•Suitable for rabi and kharif season
•Yield 19-21 t/ha
Arka Niketan IIHR •Light-red, good for storage
•Yield 33 tonnes/ha
Arka Kalyan IIHR •Drak-Red, suitable for kharif season
•Yield 33 tonnes/ha
26. Scope of Breeding (Future Prospects)
Proper breeding methods with improved crop
management practises.
Use of heritability methods with improved crop
management practises.
Quality Improvement in onion.
Development of varieties which are desirable for
mechanical threshing and cultivation.
New tools of plant breeding include
A) Mutation breeding
b) Polyploidy
c) Plant Biotechnology
d) In Vitro Techniques and
e) Genetic engineering