history of contemporary architecture - 13.-The-Bauhaus-School.pptDania Abdel-aziz
The document summarizes the Bauhaus School, an influential art and design school that operated in Germany between 1919 and 1933. It was founded by Walter Gropius and brought together various crafts and arts to merge function and aesthetics. The school emphasized simplicity, functionality and experimentation with new materials and forms. It rejected ornamentation in favor of clean geometric designs and had a significant influence on modern architecture and design. The school was forced to close under Nazi rule due to its left-leaning philosophies.
De Stijl was a Dutch artistic movement founded in 1917 that advocated for pure abstraction through geometric forms and limited primary colors. Key members included Piet Mondrian, Theo van Doesburg, Gerrit Rietveld, and J.J.P. Oud. They sought to achieve spiritual harmony and order through compositions of horizontal and vertical black, white, and primary color planes. Rietveld's Schröder House from 1924 was the only building constructed fully according to De Stijl principles. De Stijl had a lasting influence on architecture through its emphasis on simplified forms and use of primary colors.
Unmanned Aerial Systems for Precision MappingUAS Colorado
Presentation by Renee Walmsley, Remote Sensing Program Manager at Tetra Tech, for the August 16, 2017 Rocky Mountain UAS Professionals Meetup at the Esri Broomfield office.
El documento proporciona información sobre el modernismo o Art Nouveau. Explica que surgió a finales del siglo XIX como una corriente de renovación artística que representaba una ruptura con estilos anteriores. Se desarrolló entre 1880 y 1920 aproximadamente y tuvo denominaciones diferentes en distintos países de Europa, como Art Nouveau, Jugendstil, Secession y Liberty. Algunos de los arquitectos más representativos fueron Horta, Mackintosh, Wagner y Gaudí, conocido por obras innovadoras como la Casa Milà y la Sag
Walter Gropius designed the iconic Bauhaus building in Germany. As both an architect and founder of the Bauhaus school, Gropius believed that form should follow function. The modernist Bauhaus building had a straightforward design with flat roofs, cubic shapes, and smooth facades made of glass, steel, and light colors that separated functions internally while allowing them to interact. The building pioneered open floor plans and mass production techniques that went on to influence modern architecture globally.
El primer sistema de información geográfica se creó en 1954 cuando el Dr. John Snow mapeó los casos de cólera en Londres, lo que le permitió identificar un pozo de agua contaminado como la fuente del brote. Sin embargo, se acepta generalmente que el primer SIG moderno fue creado en 1966 por el Canadian Geographic Information System para digitalizar y analizar fotografías aéreas de manera semiautomática. Este sistema fue desarrollado por Roger Tomlinson, a quien se le considera el padre de los SIG. Los SIG han pasado por varias fases evol
ONLINE TRAVEL - Người dùng và hoạt động Online Marketing Xuân Lan Nguyễn
ONLINE TRAVEL - Người dùng và hoạt động Online Marketing.
Phần 1: Online Tour Booking
Báo cáo được xây dựng bởi Moore Corporation, với sự cộng tác dữ liệu với iTracker và Datasection cùng sự hỗ trợ truyền thông của Digitalk và Brandsvietnam.
Đây là báo cáo thứ 8 trong chuỗi Digital Activities Report theo ngành của Moore Corp kể từ ngày đầu tiên công bố vào tháng 08 năm 2014.
Chúng tôi rất hoan nghênh mọi sự đóng góp của độc giả về Digital Activities Report để chúng tôi có thể hoàn thiện hơn nữa.
Xin chân thành cảm ơn.
Nhóm thực hiện.
history of contemporary architecture - 13.-The-Bauhaus-School.pptDania Abdel-aziz
The document summarizes the Bauhaus School, an influential art and design school that operated in Germany between 1919 and 1933. It was founded by Walter Gropius and brought together various crafts and arts to merge function and aesthetics. The school emphasized simplicity, functionality and experimentation with new materials and forms. It rejected ornamentation in favor of clean geometric designs and had a significant influence on modern architecture and design. The school was forced to close under Nazi rule due to its left-leaning philosophies.
De Stijl was a Dutch artistic movement founded in 1917 that advocated for pure abstraction through geometric forms and limited primary colors. Key members included Piet Mondrian, Theo van Doesburg, Gerrit Rietveld, and J.J.P. Oud. They sought to achieve spiritual harmony and order through compositions of horizontal and vertical black, white, and primary color planes. Rietveld's Schröder House from 1924 was the only building constructed fully according to De Stijl principles. De Stijl had a lasting influence on architecture through its emphasis on simplified forms and use of primary colors.
Unmanned Aerial Systems for Precision MappingUAS Colorado
Presentation by Renee Walmsley, Remote Sensing Program Manager at Tetra Tech, for the August 16, 2017 Rocky Mountain UAS Professionals Meetup at the Esri Broomfield office.
El documento proporciona información sobre el modernismo o Art Nouveau. Explica que surgió a finales del siglo XIX como una corriente de renovación artística que representaba una ruptura con estilos anteriores. Se desarrolló entre 1880 y 1920 aproximadamente y tuvo denominaciones diferentes en distintos países de Europa, como Art Nouveau, Jugendstil, Secession y Liberty. Algunos de los arquitectos más representativos fueron Horta, Mackintosh, Wagner y Gaudí, conocido por obras innovadoras como la Casa Milà y la Sag
Walter Gropius designed the iconic Bauhaus building in Germany. As both an architect and founder of the Bauhaus school, Gropius believed that form should follow function. The modernist Bauhaus building had a straightforward design with flat roofs, cubic shapes, and smooth facades made of glass, steel, and light colors that separated functions internally while allowing them to interact. The building pioneered open floor plans and mass production techniques that went on to influence modern architecture globally.
El primer sistema de información geográfica se creó en 1954 cuando el Dr. John Snow mapeó los casos de cólera en Londres, lo que le permitió identificar un pozo de agua contaminado como la fuente del brote. Sin embargo, se acepta generalmente que el primer SIG moderno fue creado en 1966 por el Canadian Geographic Information System para digitalizar y analizar fotografías aéreas de manera semiautomática. Este sistema fue desarrollado por Roger Tomlinson, a quien se le considera el padre de los SIG. Los SIG han pasado por varias fases evol
ONLINE TRAVEL - Người dùng và hoạt động Online Marketing Xuân Lan Nguyễn
ONLINE TRAVEL - Người dùng và hoạt động Online Marketing.
Phần 1: Online Tour Booking
Báo cáo được xây dựng bởi Moore Corporation, với sự cộng tác dữ liệu với iTracker và Datasection cùng sự hỗ trợ truyền thông của Digitalk và Brandsvietnam.
Đây là báo cáo thứ 8 trong chuỗi Digital Activities Report theo ngành của Moore Corp kể từ ngày đầu tiên công bố vào tháng 08 năm 2014.
Chúng tôi rất hoan nghênh mọi sự đóng góp của độc giả về Digital Activities Report để chúng tôi có thể hoàn thiện hơn nữa.
Xin chân thành cảm ơn.
Nhóm thực hiện.
Here we are looking at the work of Mies Van Der Rohe in three periods and we also touch on Charles and Ray Eames and what other designers are doing in the same period.
El documento resume los principales aspectos del Romanticismo como movimiento artístico y cultural, incluyendo su rechazo al racionalismo de la Ilustración y su énfasis en la subjetividad, la naturaleza, lo nacional y lo popular. También analiza las obras pictóricas más representativas de este periodo en Alemania, Inglaterra y Francia, con artistas como Caspar David Friedrich, John Constable, William Turner, Eugène Delacroix y Théodore Géricault.
The document discusses the Bauhaus school, founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius in Germany. The Bauhaus aimed to integrate art and craftsmanship and bridge the gap between art and industry. Gropius gathered some of Europe's most respected creative minds as teachers who were immersed in theoretical and practical design. Key principles of Bauhaus included experimentation, honesty of construction, standardized production, and form following function. The document also profiles some of the most popular Bauhaus artists and designers who helped pioneer modern art and design.
Tercera parte del módulo de introducción a los SIG. Presenta la información geográfica, los tipos de datos, ventajas y desventajas de su uso, así como recomendaciones y buenas prácticas en su gestión.
One such policy initiative that is gaining in popularity is the construction of so-called ‘media cities’. While the term ‘media city’ is relatively new (and perhaps slightly popularist), they can be defined as large, planned, highly developed urban areas designated specifically to concentrate media and creative industry production (in its broadest sense). By concentrating media and creative industry activity to relatively small urban locales, these media cities are acting as global media hubs that are attempting to create a knowledge-led ‘buzz’ that helps to develop and foster creative industry activity. The term ‘media city’ though has been subject to evolution. Krätke (2003: 605, added emphasis) in attempting to define ‘media cities’ suggests that;
“‘media city’ is a term currently used to describe cultural and media centres operating at very different geographical levels. They range from small-scale local urban clusters in the media industry to the cultural metropolises of the global urban and regional system”
Le Corbusier designed the Church of Saint-Pierre in Firminy-Vert between 1950-1963 despite being an avowed atheist. The church consists of a two-part building with a lower area for parish activities and an upper section housing the nave and chapels. The nave is housed under a truncated 33 meter high concrete cone shell, with light cannons installed to illuminate the interior according to Le Corbusier's principles of architectural lighting.
Plataformas y programas de teledeteccion espacialtito alfaro
Este documento describe las plataformas y programas de teledetección espacial, incluidas las imágenes satelitales. Explica que los satélites y aviones transportan sensores que capturan imágenes de la Tierra y las transmiten de regreso a la superficie. También describe las características de las imágenes satelitales como la resolución espacial, espectral, radiométrica y temporal. Finalmente, señala algunas aplicaciones y desventajas de las imágenes satelitales.
El movimiento artístico De Stijl se originó en Holanda en 1917 con la publicación de su primera revista. Promovía el uso de formas geométricas abstractas, líneas horizontales y verticales, y los colores primarios, rechazando la simetría. Artistas clave fueron Theo van Doesburg, Piet Mondrian, Gerrit Rietveld y JJP Oud. Obras representativas incluyen la Casa Schroeder, la Silla Roja y Azul, y el Café de Unie.
Suprematism was an art movement founded in Russia in 1913 by Kazimir Malevich that focused on basic geometric shapes painted in a limited range of colors. The movement sought to reduce painting to its most basic forms in order to express feeling through abstraction rather than objective representations. Malevich and other artists like Ivan Klyun and Olga Rozanova formed the Suprematist group in 1915 to further develop the concept and style. Suprematism influenced early 20th century architecture through the works of Malevich and other architects exploring non-objective design.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pembuatan peta administrasi Kota Malang menggunakan aplikasi ArcGIS. Tahapan yang dilakukan meliputi pembuatan geodatabase, georeferencing data peta raster Kota Malang, dan digitasi batas administrasi Kota Malang. Hasil akhir berupa peta vektor administrasi Kota Malang yang sudah tergeoreferensi dan dapat menunjukkan batas wilayah administrasi beserta fitur-fitur lain seperti jalan dan sungai.
Chapter 4 arts and crafts art nuveau beginning of expressionismPetrutaLipan
The document provides an overview of several art movements between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the Arts and Crafts Movement, Art Nouveau, and early Expressionism. It discusses key figures like William Morris, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Gustav Klimt, Antoni Gaudi, Victor Horta, and Edvard Munch. Their works emphasized natural and organic forms, a rejection of mechanization, and a more subjective and emotional expression of human experience. Art Nouveau in particular incorporated flowing, asymmetric designs inspired by nature. Munch's paintings like The Sick Child and The Scream were early examples of Expressionism in their depiction of inner moods and psychological states.
It is about Eiffel Tower one of the most famous tower in the world. read this and enjoy from presentation and don't forgot to click on follow bottom, your sincerely Massodshah paikan.
UVM, HISTORIA DEL ARTE MODERNO, Vanguardias de diseñoBerenice V
Este documento presenta información sobre varios movimientos artísticos y arquitectónicos de finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX. Brevemente describe la arquitectura de hierro que surgió durante la revolución industrial, las exposiciones universales y el eclecticismo historicista. Luego se enfoca en el movimiento Arts & Crafts y sus principios, seguidores e influencia. Finalmente, introduce el Art Nouveau y el Modernismo Catalán como ejemplos de vanguardias artísticas.
Viollet le-duc; Savior of Notre Dame de Paris DoctorSequoia
Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-Le-Duc led the extensive restoration of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris in the 19th century to repair damage done over centuries. Victor Hugo's 1831 book "Notre Dame de Paris" helped inspire the restoration by drawing attention to the cathedral's deteriorated state following attacks during the French Revolution and "restorations" that removed original features. Viollet-Le-Duc restored sculptures, rebuilt parts of the structure, and added new elements like gargoyles, aiming to preserve the Gothic spirit of the cathedral despite going beyond mere repair work. The restoration faced criticism but was largely paid for by the French government at the time. Now in 2019, some officials
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was a pioneering German-American architect known for his maxim "Less is More". He designed skyscrapers made of steel and glass that set models for modern architecture. His works used simple rectangular forms, open floor plans, and extensive glass to bring the outside in. His Seagram Building in New York featured a steel frame with curtain walls of glass and bronze. It established new standards with its minimalist design and generous public plaza. Mies also designed the 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago following his philosophies of "Skin and Bone" architecture and independent, floating structures.
Este documento resume la historia de la fotografía desde sus orígenes en la cámara oscura hasta el desarrollo de la fotografía moderna. Algunos hitos clave incluyen la primera fotografía permanente de Nicéphore Niépce en 1826 usando betún de Judea, el daguerrotipo de Daguerre en 1839, el calotipo de Talbot en 1841 que permitía copias, el uso del colodión húmedo en 1851, las películas en rollo introducidas por Eastman en 1885 y la cámara
Hector Guimard was a French architect known for his Art Nouveau style. Some of his most iconic works included Castel Béranger, an apartment building in Paris designed in 1895. For this project, Guimard designed every detail himself, from furniture to wallpaper. He also designed the entrances for the Paris Metro from 1900 to 1913, using cast iron and glass inspired by plant forms. Guimard helped popularize the Art Nouveau style through his distinctive architectural designs.
De Stijl was a Dutch artistic movement founded in 1917 that advocated for ultimate simplicity and abstraction in art through the use of horizontal and vertical lines and primary colors. The movement was centered around the journal of the same name published by Theo van Doesburg to propagate the group's theories. Key members included painters Piet Mondrian, Vilmos Huszar, and Bart van der Leck as well as architects Gerrit Rietveld, Robert van 't Hoff, and J.J.P. Oud. De Stijl influenced architectural and design styles like the Bauhaus and International styles through its emphasis on clean lines and geometric forms.
The Bauhaus was an influential art school that operated in Germany from 1919 to 1933. It was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar with the goal of integrating art and technology. The school emphasized functionalist and minimalist design and had a significant influence on modern architecture and design. Some notable Bauhaus teachers included Gropius, Hannes Meyer, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Famous Bauhaus designs include the Wassily Chair by Marcel Breuer and the Barcelona Chair by Mies van der Rohe.
Laser scanning uses a laser to quickly measure distances and angles to objects, creating a 3D digital representation. It is used for renovation and construction projects, facility mapping, documentation, and integrating scan data with BIM models. The scanning process involves placing targets and scanning from multiple locations to capture all sides of an area. Scans are then merged and processed into 3D drawings. Benefits include easier as-built documentation, reduced data collection time and costs, and allowing any angle views of spaces.
AKUTta bilinçlendirici seminer verebileceğimizin teklifini aldığımız sunumumu bu konuda bilinçlenmek ve bilinçlendirmeniz adına sizlerle de paylaşıyorum ki paylaşabilirsiniz.
Here we are looking at the work of Mies Van Der Rohe in three periods and we also touch on Charles and Ray Eames and what other designers are doing in the same period.
El documento resume los principales aspectos del Romanticismo como movimiento artístico y cultural, incluyendo su rechazo al racionalismo de la Ilustración y su énfasis en la subjetividad, la naturaleza, lo nacional y lo popular. También analiza las obras pictóricas más representativas de este periodo en Alemania, Inglaterra y Francia, con artistas como Caspar David Friedrich, John Constable, William Turner, Eugène Delacroix y Théodore Géricault.
The document discusses the Bauhaus school, founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius in Germany. The Bauhaus aimed to integrate art and craftsmanship and bridge the gap between art and industry. Gropius gathered some of Europe's most respected creative minds as teachers who were immersed in theoretical and practical design. Key principles of Bauhaus included experimentation, honesty of construction, standardized production, and form following function. The document also profiles some of the most popular Bauhaus artists and designers who helped pioneer modern art and design.
Tercera parte del módulo de introducción a los SIG. Presenta la información geográfica, los tipos de datos, ventajas y desventajas de su uso, así como recomendaciones y buenas prácticas en su gestión.
One such policy initiative that is gaining in popularity is the construction of so-called ‘media cities’. While the term ‘media city’ is relatively new (and perhaps slightly popularist), they can be defined as large, planned, highly developed urban areas designated specifically to concentrate media and creative industry production (in its broadest sense). By concentrating media and creative industry activity to relatively small urban locales, these media cities are acting as global media hubs that are attempting to create a knowledge-led ‘buzz’ that helps to develop and foster creative industry activity. The term ‘media city’ though has been subject to evolution. Krätke (2003: 605, added emphasis) in attempting to define ‘media cities’ suggests that;
“‘media city’ is a term currently used to describe cultural and media centres operating at very different geographical levels. They range from small-scale local urban clusters in the media industry to the cultural metropolises of the global urban and regional system”
Le Corbusier designed the Church of Saint-Pierre in Firminy-Vert between 1950-1963 despite being an avowed atheist. The church consists of a two-part building with a lower area for parish activities and an upper section housing the nave and chapels. The nave is housed under a truncated 33 meter high concrete cone shell, with light cannons installed to illuminate the interior according to Le Corbusier's principles of architectural lighting.
Plataformas y programas de teledeteccion espacialtito alfaro
Este documento describe las plataformas y programas de teledetección espacial, incluidas las imágenes satelitales. Explica que los satélites y aviones transportan sensores que capturan imágenes de la Tierra y las transmiten de regreso a la superficie. También describe las características de las imágenes satelitales como la resolución espacial, espectral, radiométrica y temporal. Finalmente, señala algunas aplicaciones y desventajas de las imágenes satelitales.
El movimiento artístico De Stijl se originó en Holanda en 1917 con la publicación de su primera revista. Promovía el uso de formas geométricas abstractas, líneas horizontales y verticales, y los colores primarios, rechazando la simetría. Artistas clave fueron Theo van Doesburg, Piet Mondrian, Gerrit Rietveld y JJP Oud. Obras representativas incluyen la Casa Schroeder, la Silla Roja y Azul, y el Café de Unie.
Suprematism was an art movement founded in Russia in 1913 by Kazimir Malevich that focused on basic geometric shapes painted in a limited range of colors. The movement sought to reduce painting to its most basic forms in order to express feeling through abstraction rather than objective representations. Malevich and other artists like Ivan Klyun and Olga Rozanova formed the Suprematist group in 1915 to further develop the concept and style. Suprematism influenced early 20th century architecture through the works of Malevich and other architects exploring non-objective design.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pembuatan peta administrasi Kota Malang menggunakan aplikasi ArcGIS. Tahapan yang dilakukan meliputi pembuatan geodatabase, georeferencing data peta raster Kota Malang, dan digitasi batas administrasi Kota Malang. Hasil akhir berupa peta vektor administrasi Kota Malang yang sudah tergeoreferensi dan dapat menunjukkan batas wilayah administrasi beserta fitur-fitur lain seperti jalan dan sungai.
Chapter 4 arts and crafts art nuveau beginning of expressionismPetrutaLipan
The document provides an overview of several art movements between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the Arts and Crafts Movement, Art Nouveau, and early Expressionism. It discusses key figures like William Morris, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Gustav Klimt, Antoni Gaudi, Victor Horta, and Edvard Munch. Their works emphasized natural and organic forms, a rejection of mechanization, and a more subjective and emotional expression of human experience. Art Nouveau in particular incorporated flowing, asymmetric designs inspired by nature. Munch's paintings like The Sick Child and The Scream were early examples of Expressionism in their depiction of inner moods and psychological states.
It is about Eiffel Tower one of the most famous tower in the world. read this and enjoy from presentation and don't forgot to click on follow bottom, your sincerely Massodshah paikan.
UVM, HISTORIA DEL ARTE MODERNO, Vanguardias de diseñoBerenice V
Este documento presenta información sobre varios movimientos artísticos y arquitectónicos de finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX. Brevemente describe la arquitectura de hierro que surgió durante la revolución industrial, las exposiciones universales y el eclecticismo historicista. Luego se enfoca en el movimiento Arts & Crafts y sus principios, seguidores e influencia. Finalmente, introduce el Art Nouveau y el Modernismo Catalán como ejemplos de vanguardias artísticas.
Viollet le-duc; Savior of Notre Dame de Paris DoctorSequoia
Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-Le-Duc led the extensive restoration of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris in the 19th century to repair damage done over centuries. Victor Hugo's 1831 book "Notre Dame de Paris" helped inspire the restoration by drawing attention to the cathedral's deteriorated state following attacks during the French Revolution and "restorations" that removed original features. Viollet-Le-Duc restored sculptures, rebuilt parts of the structure, and added new elements like gargoyles, aiming to preserve the Gothic spirit of the cathedral despite going beyond mere repair work. The restoration faced criticism but was largely paid for by the French government at the time. Now in 2019, some officials
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was a pioneering German-American architect known for his maxim "Less is More". He designed skyscrapers made of steel and glass that set models for modern architecture. His works used simple rectangular forms, open floor plans, and extensive glass to bring the outside in. His Seagram Building in New York featured a steel frame with curtain walls of glass and bronze. It established new standards with its minimalist design and generous public plaza. Mies also designed the 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago following his philosophies of "Skin and Bone" architecture and independent, floating structures.
Este documento resume la historia de la fotografía desde sus orígenes en la cámara oscura hasta el desarrollo de la fotografía moderna. Algunos hitos clave incluyen la primera fotografía permanente de Nicéphore Niépce en 1826 usando betún de Judea, el daguerrotipo de Daguerre en 1839, el calotipo de Talbot en 1841 que permitía copias, el uso del colodión húmedo en 1851, las películas en rollo introducidas por Eastman en 1885 y la cámara
Hector Guimard was a French architect known for his Art Nouveau style. Some of his most iconic works included Castel Béranger, an apartment building in Paris designed in 1895. For this project, Guimard designed every detail himself, from furniture to wallpaper. He also designed the entrances for the Paris Metro from 1900 to 1913, using cast iron and glass inspired by plant forms. Guimard helped popularize the Art Nouveau style through his distinctive architectural designs.
De Stijl was a Dutch artistic movement founded in 1917 that advocated for ultimate simplicity and abstraction in art through the use of horizontal and vertical lines and primary colors. The movement was centered around the journal of the same name published by Theo van Doesburg to propagate the group's theories. Key members included painters Piet Mondrian, Vilmos Huszar, and Bart van der Leck as well as architects Gerrit Rietveld, Robert van 't Hoff, and J.J.P. Oud. De Stijl influenced architectural and design styles like the Bauhaus and International styles through its emphasis on clean lines and geometric forms.
The Bauhaus was an influential art school that operated in Germany from 1919 to 1933. It was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar with the goal of integrating art and technology. The school emphasized functionalist and minimalist design and had a significant influence on modern architecture and design. Some notable Bauhaus teachers included Gropius, Hannes Meyer, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Famous Bauhaus designs include the Wassily Chair by Marcel Breuer and the Barcelona Chair by Mies van der Rohe.
Laser scanning uses a laser to quickly measure distances and angles to objects, creating a 3D digital representation. It is used for renovation and construction projects, facility mapping, documentation, and integrating scan data with BIM models. The scanning process involves placing targets and scanning from multiple locations to capture all sides of an area. Scans are then merged and processed into 3D drawings. Benefits include easier as-built documentation, reduced data collection time and costs, and allowing any angle views of spaces.
AKUTta bilinçlendirici seminer verebileceğimizin teklifini aldığımız sunumumu bu konuda bilinçlenmek ve bilinçlendirmeniz adına sizlerle de paylaşıyorum ki paylaşabilirsiniz.
Methane is produced through methanogenesis by archaea in anaerobic conditions and some diffuses into the atmosphere. Peatlands contain large amounts of sequestered carbon as peat forms from partially decomposed organic matter in waterlogged soils. Over geological eras, partially decomposed organic matter was converted into fossil fuels like oil and gas or coal. Combustion of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and water. Corals and mollusks incorporate carbonate into their shells, acting as an aquatic carbon sink. There is a strong correlation between increases in greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and global temperature increases.
Done By: Khor_Dalton8 Group
School Name: Al Khor Independent School for Girls
Environmental Catalysis Module: Students examines different types of catalytic systems, including heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. Depending on the knowledge they gained during activities, the students are then asked to design their projects.
Our Project: Designing Carbon Dioxide Filter
Factory’s smoke contains many harmful and dangerous materials for both human beings and the environment, this project will not only save our ozone layer but it will save many people in the future generation securing a breath full future for humanity.
The effect of carbon dioxide on the environmentDSVSTraining
This document summarizes an experiment that demonstrates how carbon dioxide affects different types of water when bubbled into them. Students observe rain water, drinking water, and ocean water with a pH indicator before and after carbon dioxide is added from dry ice. Bubbling carbon dioxide into the ocean water sample makes the water more acidic. The document also notes that carbon dioxide naturally dissolves in rainwater and oceans, removing it from the atmosphere, but increasing amounts may acidify oceans with unknown environmental effects.
1. Autotrophs like plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into carbohydrates and other carbon compounds through photosynthesis. This reduces the carbon dioxide concentration in the air and water.
2. Carbon dioxide dissolves in water as dissolved gas and hydrogen carbonate ions, which aquatic plants and autotrophs absorb. Carbon dioxide also diffuses into autotrophs down its concentration gradient from the air or water.
3. Aerobic respiration in organisms produces carbon dioxide as a waste product, which diffuses back out of organisms and into the surrounding air or water environment.
Online Flower Delivery Dubai is a company that provides flower delivery services in Dubai. They offer a wide range of floral bouquets and arrangements for various occasions like birthdays, anniversaries and other celebrations. Customers can place orders online and have flowers delivered anywhere in Dubai on the same day for many products.
Yeşil Tahvil Piyasası Geliştirme | Green Bond DevelopmentAdhityaWiraDharma
"Yeşil finans" daha geniş çevresel olarak sürdürülebilir kalkınma bağlamında çevresel faydalar sağlayan yatırımların finansmanı olarak anlaşılabilir. Bu sunum, yeşil tahvillerin gelişimi ve potansiyelinin neden daha sürdürülebilir ekonomik kalkınmayı desteklemek için alternatif bir seçenek olarak kullanılabileceğini kısaca açıklayacaktır.
Özellikle son 20-30 yıldır sanayinin kontrolsüz ve hoyratça büyümesinin çevreye ve doğaya verdiği zararlar dünya gündemini sürekli meşgul etti. Küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği hakkında binlerce panel, toplantı, eylemler yapıldı. Artık hem bu toplumsal çevreci baskılar sebebiyle hem de teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle temiz enerjiye daha hızlı ve ucuz ulaşılır olması, ‘fosil’ in sonunu getirmiş görünüyor.
Yüzde 100 yenilenebilir elektrik küresel ölçekte mümkün ve daha ucuz…
1. • Küresel Isınma nedir ?
- Tarihi
- Etkileri
- Yarattığı Tehtit
• Küresel Isınmaya Karşı
Küresel İşbirliği ( AB ve
Kyoto Protokolü)
• Sonuç
1
SERHAT SAATCİSERHAT SAATCİ
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İZMİR,2014İZMİR,2014
2. * Sanayi devriminden beri, özellikle fosil yakıtların
yakılması, ormansızlaşma ve sanayi süreçleri gibi
çeşitli insan etkinlikleri ile atmosfere salınan sera
gazlarının atmosferdeki birikimlerindeki hızlı artışa
bağlı olarak, şehirleşmenin de katkısıyla doğal sera
etkisinin kuvvetlenmesi sonucunda, yeryüzündeki ve
atmosferin alt bölümlerindeki sıcaklık artışına
“KÜRESEL ISINMA” adı verilmektedir.
2
* İnsanların çeşitli aktiviteleri sonucunda
meydana gelen "sera gazları" olarak
nitelenen (karbon dioksit, di azot
monoksit, metan, su buharı,
kloroflorokarbon) gibi gazların
miktarlarının artması sonucunda
yeryüzüne yakın atmosfer tabakaları ve
katı, yeryüzü sıcaklığının yapay olarak
artması "KÜRESEL ISINMA" olarak
adlandırılmaktadır.
3. 3
SERA ETKİSİ
?
Sera etkisi yapan antropojen
(insan faaliyetlerine dayanan)
kaynaklar şunlardır:
•Fosil yakıtların yakılmasından
oluşan karbondioksit(%50)
•Çöp ve katı atıkların
depolanmasından, çeltik
tarlalarından, hayvan
besiciliğinden, fosil yakıtların
kazanılması ve
kullanılmasında oluşan metan
(%19)
•Florlu klorlu hidrokarbonların
emisyonları( %12)
•Troposferdeki ozon ve az
miktarda diazotoksit
4. * Günümüz toplunu etkileyen ve ilgisini son 20 yıl
içinde çekmeye başlayan ve sürekli artan sera etkisi ve
küresel ısınma, yaklaşık 100 yıldır bilinmekte ve bilim
adamları tarafından incelenmektedir. Atmosferdeki
CO2 birikiminin değişmesine bağlı olarak, iklimin
değişebilirliği ilk kez 1896 yılında Nobel ödülü sahibi
İsveçli S. Arrhenius tarafından öngörülmüştür.
4
* Ancak, ilk kez 1979 yılında Dünya Meteoroloji
Örgütü (WMO) öncülüğünde “Birinci Dünya İklim
Konferansı” düzenlenmiş; fosil yakıtlardan ve CO2
birikiminden kaynaklanan küresel iklim değişikliği
vurgulanmıştır.
5. - Rio Deklarasyonu
Birleşmiş Milletler ve Avrupa Topluluğu ülkelerinin de içinde
bulunduğu 184 ülkenin taraf olduğu Birleşmiş Milletler İklim
Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi 21 Mart 1994 tarihinde
yürürlüğe girmiştir.
-Bu sözleşmeye göre iki çalışma grubu oluşturulmuştur.
Birinci çalışma grubunda ülkelerin CO2 ve öteki sera gazı
emisyonlarıyla ilgili yükümlülükler; ikinci çalışma grubunda
ise yasal ve kurumsal mekanizmalar ele alınmıştır.
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6. Çalışma gruplarının yaptığı araştırmalar sonunda, gelişmiş
ülkelerin önceki süreçte atmosfere yaydığı sera gazları
dikkatle alınmış ve bu ülkelerin emisyonlarında derhal indirim
yoluna gitmeleri belirtilmiştir.
Gelişmekte olan ülkelere ise; sanayileşme süreçlerinin devam
ettiği vurgulanarak gaz emisyonu indiriminde esneklik
sağlanmıştır. Bu tespitlerden yola çıkılarak gelişmekte olan
ülkelere tanınan sera gazı salınım esnekliğinin istenilen
seviyede tutulabilmesi için gelişmiş ülkelerin, gelişmekte olan
ülkelerin sanayileşmesine maddi kaynak ve teknolojik destek
sağlamaları gerektiği belirtilmiştir.
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7. Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve
Sözleşmesi’nin en önemli amacı “Atmosferdeki sera
gazı birikimlerini iklim sistemi üzerindeki tehlikeli
antropojen (insan kaynaklı) etkileri önleyecek bir
düzeyde durdurmak” biçiminde tanımlanmıştır.
Rio Deklarasyonu sonrasında imzalanan diğer bir
önemli belge de 1997 Kyoto Protokolüdür. Bu
protokole göre taraf ülkeler insan kaynaklı CO2 ve
öteki sera gazı salınımlarını 2008-2012 döneminde
1990 Düzeylerinin En az %5 altına indireceklerdir.
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8. dünya iklim sisteminde köklü değişimlere ve aşırılıklar
bitki ve hayvan türlerinin sayılarında azalma
Leeds Üniversitesi öğretim üyesi Profesör Chris Thomas
tarafından Nature dergisinde yayınlanan bir yazıda “küresel
ısınma 2050’ye kadar bitki ve hayvan türlerinin dörtte birini
ya da 1 milyondan fazlasını yok edecek” denmektedir.
2025 yılı itibariyle dünya nüfusunun neredeyse yarısının su
kıtlığıyla karşı karşıya kalacağı tahmin edilmektedir.
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9. 9
• Nadir görünen türler ve bölünmüş ekosistemler şimdiden kirlilik ve ormanların
yok edilmesinden dolayı tehdit altında ve yok olma tehlikesiyle karşı karşıya.
1990′lar geçen yüzyılın en sıcak yıllarıydı.
• Küresel ısınmanın etkileri en yüksek zirvelerden, okyanusun derinliklerine,
Ekvator’dan kutuplara kadar hissediliyor. Küresel ısınmanın etkileri gezegenin
her yanında görülüyor, milyonlarca insanı sel, kuraklık ve susuzlukla karşı
karşıya bırakıyor.
• Avustralya’da 2002 yılında yaşanan şiddetli kuraklığın ana nedeni küresel
ısınmaydı. Kuzey Pasifik’te somon popülasyonunda, bölgedeki sıcaklığın
normalden 6 derece artması yüzünden büyük düşüş görüldü.
• California kıyılarında yüzlerce deniz kuşunun, denizlerin ısınması yüzünden
besin kıtlığı yaşamalarının sonucunda, öldüğü görüldü. Okyanuslardaki ısının
artmasıyla mercan kayalıklarının büyük zararlar gördüğü belirlendi.
Avustralya’daki Great Barrier Reef, sürdürülebilir olmayan balıkçılık
yöntemleri, yapılaşma ve iklim değişikliği yüzünden çok yakında kaybedilme
tehlikesiyle karşı karşıya.
10. Yaşanan iklim değişikliğinin doğal kaynaklı olmasından çok
insan kaynaklı nedenlere dayandığı görüşü ağırlık
kazandığından bu yana, sorunu tartışan ve çözüm arayan
uluslararası girişimlerin sayısında artış görülmektedir.
Kuşkusuz iklim değişikliği sorununu hedefe alan en önemli
uluslar arası girişim, BM İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve
Sözleşmesi olmuştur.
* Sözleşme, iklim değişikliğine karşı mücadele etmek üzere
«genel hedefler ve kurallar koyan uluslararası bir
anlaşmadır.»
* 1992 Rio Çevre ve Kalkınma Konferansı’nda imzaya
açılmıştır ve 21 Mart 1994 tarihinde yürürlüğe girmiştir.
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11. Ortak fakat farklılaştırılmış
sorumluluk ilkesi
Önceden önlem alma
yaklaşımı
Kalkınma ile iklim
değişikliğinin birbirine
bağlı görünmesi
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12. BM İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi’nin karar alma
organını: TARAFLAR KONFERANSI(COP) oluştur.
Sera gazı salınımlarının düşürülmesi yönünde, gelişmekte olan
ülkeler tarafından verilen taahütleri yetersiz bulmuş ve 1995
Mart-Nisan aylarında Berlin’de gerçekleştirilen 1. Taraflar
Konferansı, taahütlerin güçlendirilmesi ve bağlayıcılığı olması
için bir tartışma süreci başlatmıştır.
2 yılı aşan bir sürecin sonunda, Kyoto’da toplanan 3. Taraflar
Konferansı, 11 Aralık 1997 tarihinde Kyoto Protokolü’nü
kabul etmiştir.
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13. EK-I Ülkeleri (40+AB)
Sanayileşmiş Ülkeler (26+AB)+ PEGSÜ
(14)
Ek-II Ülkeleri (23+AB)
Sanayileşmiş Ülkeler:
Almanya, ABD, AB, Avustralya, Avusturya,
Belçika, Danimarka, Finlandiya, Fransa, İngiltere,
Hollanda, İrlanda, İspanya, İsveç, İsviçre, İtalya,
İzlanda, Japonya, Lüksemburg, Kanada, Norveç,
Portekiz, Yeni Zelanda, Yunanistan.
Türkiye, Lichtenstein, Monaco.
Pazar Ekonomisine Geçiş Sürecinde Olan
Ülkeler (PEGSÜ):
Beyaz Rusya, Bulgaristan, Estonya, Letonya,
Litvanya, Macaristan, Polonya, Romanya, Rusya
Federasyonu, Ukrayna, Çek Cumhuriyeti,
Slovenya, Slovakya, Hırvatistan.
Sanayileşmiş Ülkeler:
Almanya, ABD, AB, Avustralya, Avusturya,
Belçika, Danimarka, Finlandiya, Fransa, İngiltere,
Hollanda, İrlanda, İspanya, İsveç, İsviçre, İtalya,
İzlanda, Japonya, Lüksemburg, Kanada, Norveç,
Portekiz, Yeni Zelanda, Yunanistan.
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14. 14
* Tüm Taraflar İçin Olan Yükümlülükler
- Ulusal programlar hazırlamak
- İklim değişikliğine yol açacak uygulamaları azaltmak.
- Çevre dostu teknolojileri geliştirmek.
- İklim değişikliği ile ilgili araştırmalar ve bilgi alışverişi
- Eğitim, öğretim ve halkın bilinçlendirilmesi
- Yapılan uygulamaları Taraflar Konferansı’na bildirmek
•EK-1 Taraflarının Yükümlülükleri
Çok sıkı azaltım yükümlülükleri uygulanmıştır. Toplam sera gazı emilsiyonlarını
2008-2012 yılları arasında, 1990 yılı ölçümlerinin %5 altına indirmeleri gerekiyor.
EK-1 ‘de yer almayan ülkelerin ise, sera gazı azaltım sorumlulukları bulunmuyor;
sadece her yıl sera gazı envanter raporu sunuyorlar.
•EK-2 Taraflarının Yükümlülükleri
- Gelişmekte olan ülkelere, yükümlülüklerini yerine getirmede yardımcı olamk.
- Uyum için mali kaynak sağlamak.
- Teknoloji kaynağı sağlamak.
15. 15
Kyoto Protokolü Esneklik Mekanizmaları
* Kyoto Protokolü’nü diğer uluslararası çevre sözleşmelerinden farkllı
kılan en önemli özelliklerinden birisi de
hedeflere ulaşmak için tanımlanan “Esneklik Mekanizmalarıdır.” Bu
esneklik mekanizmaları, taraf olan gelişmiş ülkelerin ulusal emisyon
hedeflerini en az maliyetle yakalayabilmeleri için yeni olanaklar
sunmuştur. Serbest piyasa kökenli bu olanaklar, her ülkenin kendi
sınırları içinde sera gazı salınımlarını kontrol altına alıp azaltma
çalışmalarına ek olarak önerilen esneklik mekanizmalarıdır.
1. Ortak Uygulama
2. Temiz Kalkınma Mekanizması
3. Emisyon Ticareti
16. Ortak Uygulama:Ortak Uygulama: Bu mekanizma dahilinde, protokolün EK-B
listesinde yer alan herhangi bir gelişmiş ülke, listede yer alan
başka bir gelişmiş ülkenin toprağında sera gazı emisyonunu
azaltmaya yönelik bir projeyi uygulayabilir, bunun sonucunda
kazanılan karbon kredisini kendi emisyon hedefine ulaştırmak
için saydırabilir.
Temiz Kalkınma Mekanizması:Temiz Kalkınma Mekanizması: Bu mekanizma içinde, EK-B
listesinde yer alan herhangi bir gelişmiş ülke, protokole taraf
herhangi bir gelişmekte olan ülkenin toprağında toprağında
sera gazı emisyonunu azaltmaya yönelik bir projeyi
uygulayabilir, bunun sonucunda kazanılan karbon kredisini
kendi emisyon hedefine ulaştırmak için saydırabilir.
Emisyon Ticareti:Emisyon Ticareti: Bu mekanizma çerçevesinde, EK-B
listesinde yer alan herhangi bir gelişmiş ülke, ulusal emisyon
hedefini yakalamış ve kredi fazlası olan başka bir ülke
listesinden karbon kredisi satın alabilir.
16
18. Sanayi Devrimi’nden bu yana, insanların artan üretim ve tüketimlerinin
iklim değişikliği ve küresel ısınmaya yol açtığı tezi, artık genel kabul
görmektedir.
3000’i aşkın bilim insanının çalışmalarıyla ortaya çıkan BM organlarından
IPCC’nin (Hükümetlerarası İklim Değişikliği Paneli) projeksiyonları ve
değerlendirmeleri, gerekli acil önlem alınmadıkça iklim değişikliğinin tüm
canlıları olumsuz yönde etkileyeceğini göstermektedir.
Bu çerçevede, Kyoto Protokolü’nün koymuş olduğu «ortak ama
farklılaşmış sorumluluklar anlayışı» küresel bir birliktelik ve küresel
ısınmanın olumsuz etkilerine karşı gerçekçi araçlar ortaya koymaktadır.
18
19. Konuralp Pamukçu, Küresel
Isınmaya Karşı Küresel İşbirliği,
Uluslararası İlişkiler, Cilt3,sayı
10(2006)
Zerrin Toprak(2012); ‘Çevre
Yönetimi ve Politikası’,s. 18-19
http://www.cevreonline.com/kure
sel/kuresel_Cozum_Onlem.htm
http://www.dsi.gov.tr/docs/iklim-
degisikligi/iklim_degisikligi_cerc
eve_sozlesmesi_ve_turkiye.pdf?
sfvrsn
http://www.tema.org.tr/web_1496
6-2_1/entitialfocus.aspx?
primary_id=1064&target=categor
ial1&type=2&detail=single
http://www.ba.undp.org/content/t
urkey/tr/home/presscenter.html?
pagePos=2
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