This document discusses several models of knowledge management that have been developed and applied in organizations. It describes the Von Krogh and Roos model, which differentiates between individual and social knowledge and sees knowledge as a system influenced by people's thinking and external environment. It also outlines the Nonaka-Takeuchi model of knowledge creation starting at the individual level and being converted into organizational knowledge. Additionally, it summarizes Choo's model of how organizations select and use information from the external environment, and Wiig's model focusing on organizing useful knowledge sources. Boisot's model views knowledge as derived from data through an observer's experience and considers knowledge diffusion between an observer and receiver.

1. Different knowledge management models developed and used
Knowledge management application in organization requires some rules and practical framework
to understand the required activities and needs to properly apply the knowledge in organization.
These general frameworks are to be found in form of theories and models for knowledge
management.
There are no of models developed in knowledge management application and usage.
Understanding Insight perspective of each model
Von Krogh and Roos model
Makes difference between individual and social knowledge that follows a cognitive perspective.
In which, knowledge is a system in which people uses information created by their thinkingand
external environment and their brains helps them to create logicalresults (Von & Nonika, 2000).
In this model,human brain is important factor and using the knowledge as whole andinformation
comes from external environment and internally generated.
In this model authors used 5 factors that can affect the proper application of knowledge system in
organization (Krogh & Roos; Krogh & Roos, 1998);
employees,
communication,
organizational structure,
links between members
management of human resources
Nonaka - Takeuchi” model
This model is based on tacit knowledge of employees created after Japanese success through
innovation and creativity. In this model says that Knowledge creation begins at the individual
level, by personal knowledge than create organizational knowledge.Authors in model say that
whole process to create knowledge and application of organizational knowledge starts with
individual knowledge and converted into applied knowledge (Nonaka & Takuachi, 1995).
1st phase is Socialization that involves the sharing and communication and creation of harmony
among employees about tacit knowledge.
2nd phase is creation of combination of tacit and explicit knowledge to obtain new knowledge
forms. Knowledge is created combination of an existing knowledge that takes place by sorting
existing knowledge system.
Last phase is internalization of knowledge that involves the knowledge diffusion in whole
organization. Internalizationconverts our individual knowledge and experience into new form of
knowledge that can be used and implemented by others.
Choo model
Choo model discuss that how the informational sources being selected and used in company
actions. These actions are taken by understanding information coming from the external
environment.
Identified four processes described by Choo model:
Changing the environment: It is external environment that affects information use and flow.
Adaptation: acceptance and proper usage of information coming from different sources.
Selection and keeping: process to create organizational records which maintain successful
results and experiences.

2. Knowledge creation can be seen as a conversion of personal experiences into knowledge through
information sharing within limited capacity of human mind.(Choo C, 1998).
Wiig” model
This model based on principle that is;To take useful and valuable knowledge”, sources and
information must be organized and model also discuss that how to solve the problems of
knowledge sources; which are tacit or explicit.(; Wiig, 2004).
Boisot model
Boisot model is based on informational asset that is different from physical assets. In Biosot
model information is considered as deducted knowledge from data by observer by using his
experience and knowledge. Efficiency of informational depends on both observer and receiver
common language used by them(Boisot, 1999).
Biosot conceptual framework that is known as a i-space have 3 dimensions or key points
elaborated through a cube that are;
coded-un-coded
abstract – concrete
diffused – undiffused
Biosot model says that codifdicxtion should be through face to face communivation, that
protectsfrom loss of important information during codeficatioin.
Conclusion
Above discussed knowledge management models helps knowledge users like employes and top
management to understand importance of knowledge in organization and apply knowledge
management principles and rules in their working . ithelpdachiev organizational goals and
analyize present or forecast foture.
References;
Von Krogh, Nonaka I.: “Enabling knowledge creation: how to unlock the mystery of tacit
knowledge and release the power of innovation”, Oxford University Press, 2000
Von Krogh, Roos, J.: “Knowing in firms :understanding, managing and measuring
knowledge”, Sage Publications, London, 1998
Nonaka, I, Takeuchi, H: “The knowledge creating company: how Japanese companies
create the dynamics of innovation”, Oxford University Press, 1995
Choo C. : “The knowing organization”, New York, Oxford University Press, 1998
Wiig, K: „People-focused knowledge management: how effective decision making leads
to corporatesuccess”, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004
Boisot, M.: „Knowledge assets: securing competitive advantage in the information
economy”, Oxford
University Press, 1999