Kmio rvk breast cases
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A document discusses 4 cases of breast cancer patients seen at Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology in Bangalore, India. The first case was a 38-year old woman with a newly discovered 3x2 cm mobile breast mass who underwent a mastectomy. The second case was a 79-year old woman with a previous lumpectomy for a 1.5x1 cm breast lump. The third case was a 75-year old woman with a large 4x4 cm breast mass showing peau d'orange skin changes, clinically staged at T4bN1M0, who received chemotherapy prior to a mastectomy. The fourth case was a 79-year old woman who previously had a lump in her breast excised
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MANAGEMENT OF BREAST CARCINOMA
1) The document discusses the management of breast cancer including surgical approaches such as mastectomy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy.
2) Surgical approaches range from conservative surgeries to radical mastectomies and include procedures such as lumpectomy, quadrantectomy, and total mastectomy.
3) Management depends on the stage of breast cancer and may involve a multi-pronged approach using combinations of surgery, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Single modalities are generally not effective.
Early and locally advanced breast cancer
This document discusses the management of early and locally advanced breast cancer. For early breast cancer, primary surgery involves lumpectomy or mastectomy followed by adjuvant treatment if needed based on tumor characteristics. Breast conserving surgery aims to preserve the breast while achieving comparable survival to mastectomy with low recurrence rates. Neoadjuvant therapy can help reduce tumor size for breast conservation. Locally advanced breast cancer may be treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy to reduce the risk of recurrence and improve surgical outcomes. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy is also an option for some postmenopausal women. Adjuvant radiation, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy are used based on tumor markers and response to neoadjuvant treatment. Regular
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Locally advanced breast cancer refers to stage IIIA and IIIB breast cancer where the cancer has spread locally but not to distant sites. It is typically treated with a multi-pronged approach including neoadjuvant chemotherapy to shrink the tumor followed by surgery if possible. Post-operatively, patients receive adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy if the cancer is hormone receptor positive. The goal of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is to downstage the tumor to allow for breast conserving surgery rather than mastectomy in some cases. Prognosis depends on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical margins. Inflammatory breast cancer, a rare but aggressive form of locally advanced disease, has a poorer prognosis despite intensive treatment
early breast cancer management
This document discusses in situ breast cancer and early breast cancer treatment options. It provides details on breast conservation surgery versus mastectomy, indications for each, and surgical techniques for breast conservation. It also discusses sentinel lymph node biopsy procedures and complications. Finally, it notes that adjuvant therapy after surgery may include tamoxifen for hormone positive tumors or trastuzumab for HER2-positive node positive cancers based on pathological factors.
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1) BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes whose mutations significantly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers. Testing for BRCA mutations can help determine appropriate cancer screening and prevention strategies.
2) The HER2 receptor promotes cancer cell growth in around 20-30% of breast cancers. Drugs like trastuzumab, pertuzumab, lapatinib, and T-DM1 target HER2 and have improved outcomes for HER2-positive breast cancer.
3) Newer agents for breast cancer treatment include CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, everolimus, neratinib and immunotherapies which are being used alone or in combination with other drugs for
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This document discusses the management of early breast cancer. It covers breast management including breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy. It discusses axillary management including axillary lymph node dissection and sentinel lymph node biopsy. It also discusses the roles of pre-operative systemic therapy, adjuvant therapy including anti-HER2 therapy, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy based on breast cancer subtypes. The document provides guidelines on treatment options based on breast cancer stage and molecular profiles.
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MANAGEMENT OF BREAST CARCINOMA
1) The document discusses the management of breast cancer including surgical approaches such as mastectomy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy.
2) Surgical approaches range from conservative surgeries to radical mastectomies and include procedures such as lumpectomy, quadrantectomy, and total mastectomy.
3) Management depends on the stage of breast cancer and may involve a multi-pronged approach using combinations of surgery, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Single modalities are generally not effective.
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Locally advanced breast cancer refers to stage IIIA and IIIB breast cancer where the cancer has spread locally but not to distant sites. It is typically treated with a multi-pronged approach including neoadjuvant chemotherapy to shrink the tumor followed by surgery if possible. Post-operatively, patients receive adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy if the cancer is hormone receptor positive. The goal of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is to downstage the tumor to allow for breast conserving surgery rather than mastectomy in some cases. Prognosis depends on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical margins. Inflammatory breast cancer, a rare but aggressive form of locally advanced disease, has a poorer prognosis despite intensive treatment
early breast cancer management
This document discusses in situ breast cancer and early breast cancer treatment options. It provides details on breast conservation surgery versus mastectomy, indications for each, and surgical techniques for breast conservation. It also discusses sentinel lymph node biopsy procedures and complications. Finally, it notes that adjuvant therapy after surgery may include tamoxifen for hormone positive tumors or trastuzumab for HER2-positive node positive cancers based on pathological factors.
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1) BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes whose mutations significantly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers. Testing for BRCA mutations can help determine appropriate cancer screening and prevention strategies.
2) The HER2 receptor promotes cancer cell growth in around 20-30% of breast cancers. Drugs like trastuzumab, pertuzumab, lapatinib, and T-DM1 target HER2 and have improved outcomes for HER2-positive breast cancer.
3) Newer agents for breast cancer treatment include CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, everolimus, neratinib and immunotherapies which are being used alone or in combination with other drugs for
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This document discusses the management of early breast cancer. It covers breast management including breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy. It discusses axillary management including axillary lymph node dissection and sentinel lymph node biopsy. It also discusses the roles of pre-operative systemic therapy, adjuvant therapy including anti-HER2 therapy, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy based on breast cancer subtypes. The document provides guidelines on treatment options based on breast cancer stage and molecular profiles.
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Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer death in women after lung cancer.
According to the American Cancer Society, more than 193,000 cases of breast cancer are diagnosed each year, with an estimated 40,000 deaths.
About 1% of these cancers occur in men.
This includes introduction its classification,etiology,clinical manifestations,diagnostic criteria,management.
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This document discusses mastectomy, which is the surgical removal of all or part of the breast tissue. It describes different types of mastectomies, including simple, skin-sparing, and radical mastectomies. Indications for mastectomy include large cancerous tumors, inflammatory breast conditions, and high risk of invasive cancer. Potential complications include lymphedema, nerve damage, infection, and changes in body image or quality of life. Reconstruction options are also discussed.
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1) Managing an unsuspected ovarian cancer found during surgery requires adequate pre-operative preparation, including a thorough history, exam, imaging and bloodwork to evaluate the risk of malignancy.
2) If an adnexal mass is discovered unexpectedly during surgery, an intra-operative consult with a gynecologic oncologist is recommended to determine if adequate surgery can be performed or if a biopsy and referral is more appropriate.
3) For post-menopausal women with incidental adnexal masses found on imaging, unilocular cysts under 10cm have a very low risk of cancer but should be monitored with serial ultrasounds; complex masses require further evaluation.
Treatment of breast cancer
This document summarizes the management of early breast cancer and carcinoma in situ. It discusses the stages included in early breast cancer and factors that influence treatment decisions such as stage, nodal status, tumor characteristics, age, and patient preference. The main treatment options for the primary tumor and axilla are discussed, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapy. Breast conservation therapy with lumpectomy or quadrantectomy followed by radiotherapy is an acceptable alternative to mastectomy for early stage breast cancer based on evidence from multiple clinical trials showing equivalent survival outcomes.
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Locally advanced breast cancer management
1) Locally advanced breast cancer is stage III breast cancer where the cancer has spread to nearby tissues but not distant sites. It is more common in developing countries due to lack of education and screening.
2) Investigations for locally advanced breast cancer include mammography, ultrasound, MRI of the breast and chest, CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis, bone scan, and PET scan to determine the extent of disease.
3) Treatment involves chemotherapy (usually followed by surgery if the tumor shrinks enough) or surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The type of surgery depends on the response to chemotherapy and may include breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy. Post-mastectomy radiation is usually recommended in several
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Cervical cancer is the most common form of cancer in women in developing countries. It is caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and regular Pap screening can detect abnormal cell changes before they become cancerous. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy depending on the stage of cancer.
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This document discusses various aspects of managing early stage breast cancer, including:
1. It provides an overview of the evolution of surgical approaches from radical to breast conserving surgery and discusses key trials demonstrating equivalent survival with breast conservation plus radiation compared to mastectomy.
2. It discusses the changing approach to axillary staging from axillary dissection to sentinel lymph node biopsy and trials validating the adequacy of sentinel node biopsy alone in certain cases.
3. It addresses locoregional treatment approaches including the appropriate use of radiation after lumpectomy, mastectomy, and with varying nodal involvement based on guidelines.
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3. Advanced techniques like peritonectomy allow for more extensive surgical debulking of ovarian cancer but require a multidisciplinary team and specialized postoperative care.
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This document discusses the management of early stage breast carcinoma. It covers the work up, types of surgery including lumpectomy and mastectomy, reconstructive options, complications of surgery, sentinel lymph node biopsy, radiotherapy techniques including whole breast irradiation and boost to tumor bed, and partial breast irradiation methods like intraoperative radiation therapy. It provides guidelines on indications for radiotherapy and highlights several large randomized trials investigating radiotherapy after lumpectomy and breast conservation surgery.
BM
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1) Local therapy options like mastectomy, lumpectomy, and radiation therapy. Mastectomy can be total, modified radical, or with reconstruction. Lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy provides equivalent survival to mastectomy.
2) Systemic therapy options like chemotherapy, endocrine therapy using tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies like Herceptin for HER2-positive cancers.
3) Adjuvant therapy is given after surgery to kill micrometastases and residual disease, with recommendations based on tumor size, hormone receptor status, and nodal status.
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This document outlines the simulation protocol for gynecological radiation therapy. Key steps include:
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2) Positioning the patient in a reproducible and comfortable position, most commonly supine.
3) Immobilization to ensure accurate daily set up, using a six-clamp device or skin tattoos.
4) CT simulation with intravenous and oral contrast, and bladder and rectal filling protocols to delineate targets and organs at risk.
SLNB Comparison with Routine Axillary LN Dissection in Breast Cancer
1. A study randomly assigned 423 breast cancer patients with tumors less than 2 cm to either sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or axillary lymph node dissection (AXD) groups to compare the accuracy of SLNB.
2. SLNB had a sensitivity of 91.2% and specificity of 100% compared to AXD. There was less pain and better arm mobility in the SLNB group.
3. The study concluded that SLNB is a safe and accurate method for evaluating axillary node metastasis in early-stage breast cancer patients.
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Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer death in women after lung cancer.
According to the American Cancer Society, more than 193,000 cases of breast cancer are diagnosed each year, with an estimated 40,000 deaths.
About 1% of these cancers occur in men.
This includes introduction its classification,etiology,clinical manifestations,diagnostic criteria,management.
Mastectomy and Breast Cancer
This document discusses mastectomy, which is the surgical removal of all or part of the breast tissue. It describes different types of mastectomies, including simple, skin-sparing, and radical mastectomies. Indications for mastectomy include large cancerous tumors, inflammatory breast conditions, and high risk of invasive cancer. Potential complications include lymphedema, nerve damage, infection, and changes in body image or quality of life. Reconstruction options are also discussed.
Prof bently 3 managing unsuspected ovarian cancer
1) Managing an unsuspected ovarian cancer found during surgery requires adequate pre-operative preparation, including a thorough history, exam, imaging and bloodwork to evaluate the risk of malignancy.
2) If an adnexal mass is discovered unexpectedly during surgery, an intra-operative consult with a gynecologic oncologist is recommended to determine if adequate surgery can be performed or if a biopsy and referral is more appropriate.
3) For post-menopausal women with incidental adnexal masses found on imaging, unilocular cysts under 10cm have a very low risk of cancer but should be monitored with serial ultrasounds; complex masses require further evaluation.
Treatment of breast cancer
This document summarizes the management of early breast cancer and carcinoma in situ. It discusses the stages included in early breast cancer and factors that influence treatment decisions such as stage, nodal status, tumor characteristics, age, and patient preference. The main treatment options for the primary tumor and axilla are discussed, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapy. Breast conservation therapy with lumpectomy or quadrantectomy followed by radiotherapy is an acceptable alternative to mastectomy for early stage breast cancer based on evidence from multiple clinical trials showing equivalent survival outcomes.
New Developments in Breast Reconstruction Surgery
Deborah Axelrod, MD, of NYU Langone Perlmutter Cancer Center, and Rachel Bluebond-Langner, MD, of NYU Langone Medical Center discuss the latest research in autologous breast reconstruction, fat injection, pre-pectoral implants, and oncoplastic surgery.
Disclaimer: Graphic medical imagery.
Locally advanced breast cancer management
1) Locally advanced breast cancer is stage III breast cancer where the cancer has spread to nearby tissues but not distant sites. It is more common in developing countries due to lack of education and screening.
2) Investigations for locally advanced breast cancer include mammography, ultrasound, MRI of the breast and chest, CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis, bone scan, and PET scan to determine the extent of disease.
3) Treatment involves chemotherapy (usually followed by surgery if the tumor shrinks enough) or surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The type of surgery depends on the response to chemotherapy and may include breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy. Post-mastectomy radiation is usually recommended in several
Management of axilla in carcinoma breast
This document provides an overview of the management of the axilla in breast cancer. It discusses the anatomy and lymphatic drainage of the breast and axilla. It covers staging of the axilla including physical exam, ultrasound, and surgical staging with sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection. It discusses treatment approaches for node-negative and node-positive disease, including controversies around isolated tumor cells and micrometastases. It also addresses special populations like elderly patients and those receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Complications of axillary lymph node dissection are reviewed as well as techniques to reduce morbidity. The role of radiotherapy in the axilla is briefly mentioned.
Gynecology 5th year, 10th lecture (Dr. Hanaa)
Cervical cancer is the most common form of cancer in women in developing countries. It is caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and regular Pap screening can detect abnormal cell changes before they become cancerous. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy depending on the stage of cancer.
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This document discusses various aspects of managing early stage breast cancer, including:
1. It provides an overview of the evolution of surgical approaches from radical to breast conserving surgery and discusses key trials demonstrating equivalent survival with breast conservation plus radiation compared to mastectomy.
2. It discusses the changing approach to axillary staging from axillary dissection to sentinel lymph node biopsy and trials validating the adequacy of sentinel node biopsy alone in certain cases.
3. It addresses locoregional treatment approaches including the appropriate use of radiation after lumpectomy, mastectomy, and with varying nodal involvement based on guidelines.
Surgical Intervention In Gynaecological Cancer
1. Surgical intervention plays an important role in the management of several gynaecological cancers such as endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and vulval cancer.
2. The type of surgery depends on factors like the stage of the cancer, the patient's health, and whether the goal is curative treatment or palliation of symptoms.
3. Advanced techniques like peritonectomy allow for more extensive surgical debulking of ovarian cancer but require a multidisciplinary team and specialized postoperative care.
management of early breast cancer
This document discusses the management of early stage breast carcinoma. It covers the work up, types of surgery including lumpectomy and mastectomy, reconstructive options, complications of surgery, sentinel lymph node biopsy, radiotherapy techniques including whole breast irradiation and boost to tumor bed, and partial breast irradiation methods like intraoperative radiation therapy. It provides guidelines on indications for radiotherapy and highlights several large randomized trials investigating radiotherapy after lumpectomy and breast conservation surgery.
BM
The document discusses surgical and treatment options for breast cancer, including:
1) Local therapy options like mastectomy, lumpectomy, and radiation therapy. Mastectomy can be total, modified radical, or with reconstruction. Lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy provides equivalent survival to mastectomy.
2) Systemic therapy options like chemotherapy, endocrine therapy using tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies like Herceptin for HER2-positive cancers.
3) Adjuvant therapy is given after surgery to kill micrometastases and residual disease, with recommendations based on tumor size, hormone receptor status, and nodal status.
Update on Management of Breast cancer
Based on the WHO statistics and NCCN guidelines this power point is a current update on the management of breast cancer.
Debjyoti locally advanced breast carcinoma
This document discusses treatment pathways for stage IIIA and IIIB breast cancer. It describes the tumor and node characteristics of these stages. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is recommended to downsize tumors before surgery. Surgery options include breast conservation or mastectomy. Post-operative radiation and chemotherapy are also used. Hormone therapy may be given depending on receptor status. Receptor status helps determine prognosis and additional targeted therapies. Molecular subtyping further classifies breast cancers to help guide treatment approaches. Axillary lymph node dissection is discussed as an important part of staging and treatment.
Cervical cancer
The OUTBACK trial compared standard chemoradiation (CRT) to CRT plus adjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel (ACT) in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Over 900 patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either CRT alone or CRT followed by ACT. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the two arms. The primary endpoint was overall survival and secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, adverse events, sites of recurrence, and patient-reported outcomes.
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This document discusses early breast cancer and its management. Early breast cancer includes in situ breast cancer and stages I and IIA breast cancers. The aims of treatment are possible cure, controlling local disease in the breast and axilla, breast conservation, preventing distant metastasis, and preventing local recurrence. Treatment may involve lumpectomy, lymph node assessment, and adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy. For a 40-year-old woman with early breast cancer, treatment would involve investigations like blood tests and imaging, followed by lumpectomy, sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary dissection, and radiation or chemotherapy depending on risk factors. Breast conservation therapy is preferred when possible.
Current Operative Management of Early Breast Cancer
The document provides an outline on the current operative management of early breast cancer. It discusses the historical perspectives, definitions, considerations, landmark trials, diagnostic techniques, staging, neoadjuvant treatment, management of stage 0 disease, axillary management guidelines, operative options including oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery and reconstructive options, adjuvant therapy, prognosis, and follow-up. The document aims to provide guidance on achieving cure while preserving aesthetics in the treatment of early breast cancer.
Final simulation protocols in GYN malignancies
This document outlines the simulation protocol for gynecological radiation therapy. Key steps include:
1) Patient preparation including examination, imaging review, consent, and bowel/bladder preparation instructions.
2) Positioning the patient in a reproducible and comfortable position, most commonly supine.
3) Immobilization to ensure accurate daily set up, using a six-clamp device or skin tattoos.
4) CT simulation with intravenous and oral contrast, and bladder and rectal filling protocols to delineate targets and organs at risk.
SLNB Comparison with Routine Axillary LN Dissection in Breast Cancer
1. A study randomly assigned 423 breast cancer patients with tumors less than 2 cm to either sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or axillary lymph node dissection (AXD) groups to compare the accuracy of SLNB.
2. SLNB had a sensitivity of 91.2% and specificity of 100% compared to AXD. There was less pain and better arm mobility in the SLNB group.
3. The study concluded that SLNB is a safe and accurate method for evaluating axillary node metastasis in early-stage breast cancer patients.
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The cases involve different breast conditions such as invasive ductal carcinoma, fibroadenoma, and recurrent cancers. Imaging findings and pathology results are presented to illustrate various breast diseases.
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This document discusses advances in non-invasive treatments for rectal cancer, allowing some patients to avoid colostomies and radical surgery. It describes a recent study of 36 patients with low-lying rectal cancer who received pre-operative radiation and chemotherapy, followed by surgery. For 5 patients (14%), the pre-operative treatment eliminated the cancer completely. Most patients (77%) were able to have a less invasive surgery called a low anterior resection, preserving their anus and avoiding a colostomy. The study concludes this approach may be a good alternative to more invasive surgeries for selected rectal cancer patients.
Imaging in breast cancer
This document discusses various imaging modalities used for breast cancer screening and diagnosis, including mammography, ultrasound, MRI, CT, and PET scans. It provides details on mammography techniques for screening and diagnostic purposes. Key findings from studies on screening mammography for different age groups are summarized. Guidelines on screening from organizations like ACS, NCCN, and NCI are also outlined. The use of ultrasound and MRI as supplemental tools for diagnosis is discussed.
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Breast cancer managment
This document provides information on diagnosing and treating breast cancer. It discusses evaluating a patient's history and performing a physical exam. Investigation may involve fine needle aspiration biopsy or core needle biopsy to obtain samples. Breast imaging with mammography, ultrasound or MRI can further evaluate abnormalities. Staging helps determine how far cancer has spread. Surgical options include breast-conserving surgery by removing the tumor with radiation, or mastectomy by removing the entire breast. The goal is to completely remove the cancer while maximizing cosmetic results.
Acs0301 Breast Cancer
This document discusses breast cancer, including:
1) Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer death. It typically presents as a breast mass, skin changes, or abnormal mammogram.
2) Evaluation involves a thorough history, physical exam including lymph node examination, diagnostic mammography, and sometimes ultrasound or MRI. Biopsies are usually done percutaneously.
3) Initial management depends on clinical stage - for early stage it typically involves lumpectomy with radiation or mastectomy, while later stages involve neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation.
NERRS WI answers 2013
This document contains a panel of unknown cases presented by Dr. Tejas Mehta at NERRS: Women's Imaging on April 5, 2013. The first case involves a 61-year-old woman with a family history of breast and ovarian cancer who presented for routine screening mammography. The second case discusses the imaging and biopsy findings of a 54-year-old woman with bilateral lymph node calcifications found on screening mammography. The third case presents a 65-year-old woman with a left breast mass and nipple change, whose mammogram and ultrasound revealed a grade 2 invasive lobular carcinoma.
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Breast imaging.pptx
This document provides tips for using a PowerPoint presentation on breast imaging modalities:
1. The presentation can be freely downloaded, edited, and modified. Blank slides are included to engage students by asking what they know about each topic.
2. The presentation is designed for active learning sessions where blank slides are first shown to elicit student responses before displaying content.
3. Repeating the show three times will reinforce the material for students. The presentation is also useful for individual study.
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Role of surgery in carcinoma breast n
Surgery plays an important role in the treatment of breast cancer. The main goals of surgical treatment are complete removal of the primary tumor and determination of lymph node involvement. Mastectomy is recommended for large or multicentric tumors while breast-conserving surgery such as lumpectomy is preferred when possible. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is the standard method for staging axillary lymph nodes in clinically node-negative patients. Reconstruction options after mastectomy include implants, TRAM flaps, and latissimus dorsi flaps. Overall, mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery have been shown to have equivalent survival outcomes when combined with radiation or chemotherapy.
Biopsy
1) The report describes two cases of male breast cancer patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB).
2) Both patients were in their 70s and presented with mammary masses. Clinical diagnoses for both were T1N0.
3) Mastectomies with SLNB were performed, identifying the sentinel lymph nodes using dye injection.
4) Postoperatively, both patients were hormone receptor-positive and are being treated with oral tamoxifen.
Mr Mammography New
MRI can detect breast lesions with high sensitivity but has variable specificity in differentiating benign from malignant lesions. MR spectroscopy provides additional metabolic information that can improve specificity by detecting elevated choline levels associated with malignant tumors. Response to chemotherapy can also be assessed non-invasively with MR spectroscopy by monitoring changes in choline levels within 24 hours of treatment. Limitations include difficulty with small lesions, dense breasts, and lactating breasts.
Mammography
A mammogram is an x-ray picture of the breast. It can be used to check for breast cancer in women who have no signs or symptoms of the disease. It can also be used if you have a lump or other sign of breast cancer. Screening mammography is the type of mammogram that checks you when you have no symptoms.
Slide contains all the necessary sub topics and detail explanation about mammography
Bladder cancer treatment
This document discusses bladder-conserving therapy for muscle-invading bladder cancer as an alternative to radical cystectomy. A study of 106 patients found that receiving transurethral resection followed by chemotherapy and radiation resulted in a five-year overall survival rate of 52% and 43% were able to preserve their bladders. For those who received the full radiation and chemotherapy protocol, the five-year freedom from invasive bladder cancer recurrence was 79%. New advances in stereotactic body radiosurgery allow for more precise radiation treatment of the bladder which has high local control rates of 85-90% for bladder cancer.
Management of ovarian masses e Clinical situations & recommendations
This document discusses the management of ovarian masses based on clinical situations and recommendations. It covers several key points:
1. Most ovarian masses are benign, but malignancy cannot be ruled out, especially in postmenopausal women. Imaging like ultrasound and tumor markers can help assess risk but surgery is often needed.
2. Simple, unilocular cysts under 10cm seen on ultrasound are almost always benign and can be monitored, even in postmenopausal women. Complex or solid masses raise more concern.
3. The document reviews four case studies to illustrate different clinical presentations and surgical approaches for managing ovarian masses. Complete surgical staging is important to determine prognosis and treatment.
Laparoscopy and ct in ovarian cancer
Laparoscopy and Computed Tomography Imaging in Advanced Ovarian Tumors: A Roadmap for Prediction of Optimal
Cytoreductive Surgery
CALGB 9343 -Lumpectomy without Radiation in women >70 years
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Organ preservation in kenyan breast cancer patients by peter bird
Breast cancer poses a significant burden in developing countries like Kenya. At Kijabe Hospital in Kenya, most breast cancer patients present with locally advanced disease and the median age of patients is younger than in Western countries. Treatment options are limited by costs and available resources. For poorer patients, treatment typically involves a mastectomy with adjuvant therapies if the tumor can be removed, while wealthier patients may receive breast conserving surgery and more comprehensive adjuvant treatment. Radiotherapy, an important part of breast conservation, is often not available locally and requires travel to Nairobi. Management strategies in low-resource settings must be tailored to the economic realities of individual patients.
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Kmio rvk breast cases
- 1. Cancer in the breast – a clutch of beguiling cases Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore Rekha V. Kumar, M.D. Professor of Pathology
- 2. Case 1 A 38-year-old woman presented with a lump in her left breast noticed 15 days earlier. On examination: 3 x 2 cms. mass, mobile Bone scan- no mets FNA: Ductal carcinoma, breast An MRM was performed.
- 5. Case 2 A 79 year old woman presented with a 1.5 x 1 cms. lump in the left breast for which a wide local excision had been performed elsewhere.
- 8. Case 3 A 75 year old woman presented with a lump in the breast of 1 months’ duration. On examination: 4x4 cms. mass with peau d’orange Clinical stage: T4b N1 M0 FNA: Duct carcinoma 4 cycles of neoadjuvant CT were delivered, followed by a right modified radical mastectomy.
- 11. Case 4 A 79 year old female presented with a lump in the left breast which was excised.
Editor's Notes
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