This document discusses options for integrating various energy and industrial processes at a gas refinery and liquid air energy storage facility. It outlines technologies that could utilize gases, liquids, heat and cold produced by an air separation unit, air liquefaction unit, power generation from combustion gases, and liquid oxygen and nitrogen production. These include power generation using captured carbon dioxide, ammonia production from processed natural gas, water desalination using excess heat, and geothermal energy storage using supercritical carbon dioxide in saline aquifers. The document also notes potential byproducts such as rare earth elements that could be recovered from produced water, and economies of scale for regional natural gas liquid storage and distribution hubs.

1. MMBTU
LIN
LIN
LIN
Gas Refinery and Liquid Air Energy Storage
Air
Pipeline Gas
GOX
LPG
AirSeparation(ASU)
AirLiquefaction(ALU)
ColdExchanger(CX)
POWEREXPORT(PX)
LOX
LOX LOX
LAIR
Ethane
LNG
Powerplant MWh
Renewable MWh
Night Grid MWh
CO2Power MWh
CO2
SCO2 SCO2
Superheated Steam, N2, SCO2
MWh
MMBTU
Heat
Store
Hi T
Heat
Halotechnics,600C
PowerInputBusMWh
MWh
MWh
CO2
N2
He, Ar, Ne, Kr, Xe
Field Gas
Enhanced Product Gas
(ECBM, Frack EGR)
Rich Gas
Flue Gas
Water, BFW, Irrigation
Confidential - Please Do Not Forward

2. Integration Options In
(From other units, byproducts
shared offsites, utility island)
Export Options Out
(To byproducts, shared offsites,
utility island)
Other
Technology Options
• Ammonia plant can take rich gas if no
NGL export available
• CO2Power can take raw gas with CO2,
H2S, N2, CO2 (from EGR or ECBM), NGLs
• Possible byproduct minerals (e.g., rare
earths) from produced water
• Economy of scale for regional hub
storage and logistics for ethane (and
other NGLs)
• If there is excess cold, steam or power, it
may justify NGL fractionator depending
on local markets.
Water
Natural Gas Pipeline Spec
Ethane
Other
Other
Rare Earths
NGL
Processing
Storage and
Logistics
Shale Gas
Field
Raw Natural Gas
LPG
Flue Gas Produced Water
N2
CO2
Heat, Steam
Cold
Gas Reservoir and Processing
Processed Gas to NH3
Confidential - Please Do Not Forward

3. Integration Options In
(From other units, byproducts
shared offsites, utility island)
Export Options Out
(To byproducts, shared offsites,
utility island)
Heat to desalinate water
Technology Options
• CO2/brine mix for saline aquifers
• Produce brine and re-inject with CO2
• Huge synergy with CO2Power
• Inject heat into NP cycle
• Utilize ‘dirty’ methane (including H2S
and CO2.
• Power into ASU complex
• Byproducts possible – Li, Rare Earths
• Skim clean water from brine using heat
Heat to inject into CO2Power cycle
Heat to drive LAES power
Heat to regenerate CO2 capture (MEA or NH3)
Mixer/
Injector
Aquifer SC CO2 Geothermal
CO2 Sequestration
Other
Other
Other
Saline Aquifer
HotBrine
CH4
Brine
SCCO2
H2S,Hg
CH4
Heat
Depleted
Brine
Product
Recovery
SC CO2
Byproducts
Water
Confidential - Please Do Not Forward