Prolusione per la sesta edizione del Premio Giorgio Canuto 2015 alla miglior tesi di laurea in interlinguistica ed esperantologia, 20 ottobre 2015, Università di Parma
Linguae francae between communication and identityFederico Gobbo
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Prolusione per la sesta edizione del Premio Giorgio Canuto 2015 alla miglior tesi di laurea in interlinguistica ed esperantologia, 20 ottobre 2015, Università di Parma
Linguae francae between communication and identityFederico Gobbo
This document appears to contain symbols and formatting characters without discernible words or meaning. It does not contain enough substantive information to generate a multi-sentence summary.
The document discusses the history of universal languages from ancient times to the 20th century. It outlines how computation and language have been intertwined historically. In the late 19th/early 20th century, logicians pursued the goal of universal languages in parallel with establishing the foundations of mathematics. The document outlines taxonomies that have been used to classify different types of universal languages, including those based on their construction principles or degree of naturalness. It provides context on key figures involved in developing universal languages like Leibniz, Russell, and Couturat.
Linguistic (in)justice and communication models: A pledge for a balanced mult...Federico Gobbo
This document discusses models of multilingualism and linguistic justice. It proposes that multilingualism is a value and individuals have a right to develop themselves through their languages. It describes models where languages exist in a relationship like stars and planets, with some languages like English having more power and attracting weaker languages. The document argues for balancing efforts in learning different languages to reduce linguistic injustice and designs educational language policies accordingly. It acknowledges objections around migration and inclusion but counters that language proficiency impacts mobility and inclusion in a society.
The document summarizes a study conducted in a middle school in Orosei, Sardinia to test the use of the Limba Sarda Comuna (LSC) written standard in classrooms. Sardinian is an endangered language that is being replaced by Italian. The study used the CLIL method to teach Sardinian history lessons in both the local variety and written LSC. Preliminary research found students had varying Sardinian abilities. The classroom activities found that LSC was effective and did not cause issues, with some improved results. A follow up survey found students comfortable with LSC and interested in further Sardinian instruction. The study supports introducing LSC in schools to help maintain the language.
Behind the courtain of a paper: Interdisciplinary research from the idea to d...Federico Gobbo
Federico Gobbo presents an interdisciplinary research paper on the levels of abstraction in computing history. He discusses his academic background spanning multiple fields and universities. The paper was a collaboration between Gobbo and a computer scientist who observed levels of abstraction in virtualization and wanted to define a computer's minimal levels. They found no prior work analyzing this, so they proceeded to write a paper linking their analysis to the philosophy of information. Gobbo outlines lessons learned about choosing ideas, collaborating effectively, and disseminating results while managing copyright.
The document describes two language laboratories conducted in a Montessori school in Milan. In the first laboratory, students invented a variant of Europanto, a linguistic pastiche, focusing on vocabulary from different languages. In the second laboratory, students invented a secret language called Markuskica, starting with phonology and morphology. They extracted words from Italian and other languages, added affixes to change meaning, and developed paradigms for new words. The goal of both laboratories was to increase students' metalinguistic awareness of their multilingual repertoire.
Towards a tool to analyze linguistic justice: Essential interdisciplinary par...Federico Gobbo
Presentation at the X Days Language Rights "Valutare le politiche linguistiche: Quali obiettivi, criteri, indicatori?" JDL2016 / GDL2016 University of Teramo, 14-16 dec 2016.
Interlinguistics and Esperanto Studies in the new MillenniumFederico Gobbo
Interlinguistics and Esperanto Studies in the new millennium focuses on three areas:
1) The history and philosophy of international auxiliary languages (IALs) like Esperanto, examining ideas of internationality and neutrality over time.
2) Linguistic analyses of Esperanto including morphology, syntax, and sociolinguistic studies of its use and community. Constructive Adpositional Grammars provide a framework.
3) The relationship between Esperanto and artificial intelligence, as Esperanto was used in early machine translation experiments and is now supported by tools like Google Translate.
Word order and information structure in EsperantoFederico Gobbo
This document summarizes a research proposal on word order and information structure in Esperanto declaratives. The proposal aims to study whether Esperanto word order results more from language transfer from speakers' first languages or from nativization of the language. The methodology involves experimental fieldwork with fluent Esperanto speakers from Romance, Germanic, and Slavic language backgrounds to analyze broad, narrow, and contrastive focus. The analysis will use an existing Minimalist Optimality Theory case study approach adapted for Esperanto. The project offers an original contribution as the first scholarly research on this topic and interface of syntax, phonology, and sociolinguistics in Esperanto.
An alternative globalisation: Why learn Esperanto today?Federico Gobbo
Federico Gobbo presents an overview of Esperanto and why it is still relevant today. Esperanto was created in the late 19th century during a period of optimism about international cooperation and the potential for a universal language to unite Europe. While Esperanto's popularity declined after World War I, the language continues to have communities of speakers who use it both socially and to produce original cultural works. Gobbo argues that Esperanto remains valuable for its role in fostering multilingualism, as a platform for international cultural exchange, and as a symbol of an alternative form of globalization that respects diversity and human rights.
Approaches to multilingualism of Esperanto speakersFederico Gobbo
The document summarizes a sociolinguistic study of the Esperanto community conducted in Italy in 2014. The study examined Esperanto speakers' awareness and practice of linguistic diversity and multilingualism based on surveys and interviews of 93 Esperanto speakers. The key findings were that Esperanto speakers strongly support multilingualism and linguistic rights. They also have an awareness of linguistic diversity, including regional and minority languages. However, the study found a lack of a clear shared understanding among Esperanto speakers about the connections between language, power, and social justice as outlined in the 1996 Prague Manifesto.
Human-Machine Communication strategies in today’s Esperanto community of prac...Federico Gobbo
The document discusses human-machine communication (HMC) and its application to the Esperanto community. It defines HMC and explores its epistemological consequences, challenging anthropocentrism. It then provides an overview of Esperanto, describing it as a planned language with a global community of practice. Finally, it examines HMC within the Esperanto community, how ChatGPT is being used in Esperanto publications, and predicts ChatGPT-like bots will be further integrated into Esperanto teaching and use.
The document discusses the history of universal languages from ancient times to the 20th century. It outlines how computation and language have been intertwined historically. In the late 19th/early 20th century, logicians pursued the goal of universal languages in parallel with establishing the foundations of mathematics. The document outlines taxonomies that have been used to classify different types of universal languages, including those based on their construction principles or degree of naturalness. It provides context on key figures involved in developing universal languages like Leibniz, Russell, and Couturat.
Linguistic (in)justice and communication models: A pledge for a balanced mult...Federico Gobbo
This document discusses models of multilingualism and linguistic justice. It proposes that multilingualism is a value and individuals have a right to develop themselves through their languages. It describes models where languages exist in a relationship like stars and planets, with some languages like English having more power and attracting weaker languages. The document argues for balancing efforts in learning different languages to reduce linguistic injustice and designs educational language policies accordingly. It acknowledges objections around migration and inclusion but counters that language proficiency impacts mobility and inclusion in a society.
The document summarizes a study conducted in a middle school in Orosei, Sardinia to test the use of the Limba Sarda Comuna (LSC) written standard in classrooms. Sardinian is an endangered language that is being replaced by Italian. The study used the CLIL method to teach Sardinian history lessons in both the local variety and written LSC. Preliminary research found students had varying Sardinian abilities. The classroom activities found that LSC was effective and did not cause issues, with some improved results. A follow up survey found students comfortable with LSC and interested in further Sardinian instruction. The study supports introducing LSC in schools to help maintain the language.
Behind the courtain of a paper: Interdisciplinary research from the idea to d...Federico Gobbo
Federico Gobbo presents an interdisciplinary research paper on the levels of abstraction in computing history. He discusses his academic background spanning multiple fields and universities. The paper was a collaboration between Gobbo and a computer scientist who observed levels of abstraction in virtualization and wanted to define a computer's minimal levels. They found no prior work analyzing this, so they proceeded to write a paper linking their analysis to the philosophy of information. Gobbo outlines lessons learned about choosing ideas, collaborating effectively, and disseminating results while managing copyright.
The document describes two language laboratories conducted in a Montessori school in Milan. In the first laboratory, students invented a variant of Europanto, a linguistic pastiche, focusing on vocabulary from different languages. In the second laboratory, students invented a secret language called Markuskica, starting with phonology and morphology. They extracted words from Italian and other languages, added affixes to change meaning, and developed paradigms for new words. The goal of both laboratories was to increase students' metalinguistic awareness of their multilingual repertoire.
Towards a tool to analyze linguistic justice: Essential interdisciplinary par...Federico Gobbo
Presentation at the X Days Language Rights "Valutare le politiche linguistiche: Quali obiettivi, criteri, indicatori?" JDL2016 / GDL2016 University of Teramo, 14-16 dec 2016.
Interlinguistics and Esperanto Studies in the new MillenniumFederico Gobbo
Interlinguistics and Esperanto Studies in the new millennium focuses on three areas:
1) The history and philosophy of international auxiliary languages (IALs) like Esperanto, examining ideas of internationality and neutrality over time.
2) Linguistic analyses of Esperanto including morphology, syntax, and sociolinguistic studies of its use and community. Constructive Adpositional Grammars provide a framework.
3) The relationship between Esperanto and artificial intelligence, as Esperanto was used in early machine translation experiments and is now supported by tools like Google Translate.
Word order and information structure in EsperantoFederico Gobbo
This document summarizes a research proposal on word order and information structure in Esperanto declaratives. The proposal aims to study whether Esperanto word order results more from language transfer from speakers' first languages or from nativization of the language. The methodology involves experimental fieldwork with fluent Esperanto speakers from Romance, Germanic, and Slavic language backgrounds to analyze broad, narrow, and contrastive focus. The analysis will use an existing Minimalist Optimality Theory case study approach adapted for Esperanto. The project offers an original contribution as the first scholarly research on this topic and interface of syntax, phonology, and sociolinguistics in Esperanto.
An alternative globalisation: Why learn Esperanto today?Federico Gobbo
Federico Gobbo presents an overview of Esperanto and why it is still relevant today. Esperanto was created in the late 19th century during a period of optimism about international cooperation and the potential for a universal language to unite Europe. While Esperanto's popularity declined after World War I, the language continues to have communities of speakers who use it both socially and to produce original cultural works. Gobbo argues that Esperanto remains valuable for its role in fostering multilingualism, as a platform for international cultural exchange, and as a symbol of an alternative form of globalization that respects diversity and human rights.
Approaches to multilingualism of Esperanto speakersFederico Gobbo
The document summarizes a sociolinguistic study of the Esperanto community conducted in Italy in 2014. The study examined Esperanto speakers' awareness and practice of linguistic diversity and multilingualism based on surveys and interviews of 93 Esperanto speakers. The key findings were that Esperanto speakers strongly support multilingualism and linguistic rights. They also have an awareness of linguistic diversity, including regional and minority languages. However, the study found a lack of a clear shared understanding among Esperanto speakers about the connections between language, power, and social justice as outlined in the 1996 Prague Manifesto.
Human-Machine Communication strategies in today’s Esperanto community of prac...Federico Gobbo
The document discusses human-machine communication (HMC) and its application to the Esperanto community. It defines HMC and explores its epistemological consequences, challenging anthropocentrism. It then provides an overview of Esperanto, describing it as a planned language with a global community of practice. Finally, it examines HMC within the Esperanto community, how ChatGPT is being used in Esperanto publications, and predicts ChatGPT-like bots will be further integrated into Esperanto teaching and use.
Esperanto as Lingua Receptiva / Esperanto RicevemaFederico Gobbo
immediate understanding for presenting Esperanto (in)formally
tujkomprenebleco por (ne)formale prezenti Esperanton
Polyglot Gathering Online 2023-03-30
The document discusses the concept of natural language from multiple perspectives. It examines whether the languages of cows, programming languages, regional dialects, sign languages, constructed languages like Esperanto and Dothraki, and children's made-up languages can be considered natural or not. The document also explores some linguistic universals that are shared by all human languages, such as the ability to be ambiguous, indicate references beyond the present, engage in dialogue, make arguments, and exhibit grammar, predication, stativity, and recursion.
Reflecting upon the European Day of LanguagesFederico Gobbo
The document summarizes Federico Gobbo's reflections on the European Day of Languages and language regimes in the EU. It provides information on the official and minority languages recognized in Europe and the EU. It discusses how the EU language regime has developed over time through key treaties and policies. It also briefly touches on proposed alternatives like Esperanto and how language regimes can impact political regimes and national identity.
Adpositional Argumentation: How Logic Originates In Natural Argumentative Dis...Federico Gobbo
Adpositional Argumentation is a new formal method that combines the Periodic Table of Arguments and Constructive Adpositional Grammars to represent linguistic and pragmatic information in argumentative discourse. It bridges computational argumentation with traditional argumentation theory and rhetoric. The method annotates natural language texts using adpositional trees that explicate the logic stemming from the discourse at different levels of abstraction without losing information. Summarizing an example text on Copernicus and Aristarchos, the method reveals the argumentation structures and patterns in the text and shows where the underlying logic originates.
Complex Arguments in Adpositional ArgumentationFederico Gobbo
joint work with Marco Benini and Jean Wagemans on Complex Arguments in Adpositional Argumentation during the 5th Workshop on Advances in Argumentation in Artificial Intelligence (AI3 2021) in Milano-Bicocca, Italy, 29 November 2021.
Assessing linguistic unease to understand (socio)linguistic justiceFederico Gobbo
The document discusses assessing linguistic unease to understand sociolinguistic justice. It first defines sociolinguistic justice from a political philosophy perspective, focusing on issues of representation and inclusion of linguistic minorities. It then proposes measuring linguistic unease to evaluate sociolinguistic justice, by assessing an individual's comfort with various languages. Finally, it raises questions about how this individual-level analysis could scale to a community level and how knowledge about linguistic unease could inform policymakers.
The Religious Dimensions of the Esperanto Collective IdentityFederico Gobbo
Presentation for the Symposium "Religious dimensions of nationalism: Interdisciplinary perspectives" held at
at Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice, 21-22-13 October 2021.
Hollywood Languages: The Challenge of Interlinguistics in the New MillenniumFederico Gobbo
This document discusses the discipline of Interlinguistics and attempts to define it. It explores several potential definitions: as an autonomous branch of linguistics, as a branch of language planning, as similar to creolistics or the study of interlanguages. The document also discusses definitions that view Interlinguistics as the study of conscious human intervention in languages or as contrastive linguistics. It provides context on the history and development of Interlinguistics and examples of planned or constructed languages.
Hollywood Languages: The Challenge of Interlinguistics in the New Millennium
Kien iras Artefarita Inteligenteco? Leciono 1/3
1. Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj – Sanmarino
Kien iras Artefarita Inteligenteco? 1/3
Ekde la entuziasmo al la realeco
Federico Gobbo
Amsterdamo / Milano-Bicocca / Torino
F.Gobbo@uva.nl
27 Julio 2015 – Internacia Kongresa Universitato, Lille, FR
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3. Informadiko, la nevolita ido de logiko-matematiko
Alan Turing (1912-1954) estas la fondinto de informadiko kiel scienco
de modernaj komputiloj: anta˘u li, kalkulmaˆsinoj estis konstruitaj de
filozofoj kiel Pascal kaj Leibniz, kaj de aliaj sciencistoj. Menciindas
almena˘u Charles Babbage.
En 1936, kiam li publikigis sian fakartikolon pri komputeblaj nombroj,
t.e. la nombroj kiuj povas esti enmetitaj en modernaj komputiloj, li
volis solvi la problemon redukti matematikon al logiko, t.e., la
programo de Hilbert, kiu estis bremsita de la rezulto obtenita de
G¨odel en 1930.
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4. Por jarcentoj komputi estis afero por homoj kun abako
Komputistinoj laboras en la grandaj magazenoj de Moskvo, 1958
5. Sur armiloj de milita vento
Estis John von Neumann (1903-1957) – kiu nehazarde abandonis
logikon en 1930 – kiu komprenis la eblajn aplikojn de
logiko-matematiko en konkretaj maˆsinoj.
Dummilite, Alan Turing en Britio kaj John von Neumann en Usono
laboris por siaj ˆstatoj tiel, ke ili povis venki la militon. Komputiloj
ludis gravan rolon en la malˆcifrado de la enkodigo uzita de la nazioj
por ˆcifri siajn mesaˆgojn.
El tiu sperto, Turing komprenis, ke komputiloj estis nova speco de
maˆsinoj, kompare kun ˆciuj aliaj konstruitaj anta˘ue.
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6. ˆGenerala modelo de komputebla informado
sendanto
formali ˆgo
−−−−−−→ enigo
komputado
−−−−−−→ eligo
interpretado
←−−−−−−− ricevanto
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8. La entuziasmo pri la novaj bitkomputiloj
ˆCi speciala propreco de bitkomputiloj, t.e. la fakto, ke ili povas
imiti ˆcian diskret-statan maˆsinon, estas priskribita asertante, ke
ili estas universalaj maˆsinoj. La ekzisto de maˆsinoj kun tiuj
proprecoj havas la gravan konsekvencon, ke, aparte de
konsideroj pri rapideco, ne estas necese desegni variajn novajn
maˆsinojn por diversaj komputaj procesoj. Ili povas esti faritaj de
unu bitkomputilo, kondiˆce, ke ili estas programitaj lerte por
ˆciu celo. Konsekvence, ˆciuj bitkomputiloj estas iusence
ekvivalentaj. [. . . ] Nun ni povas denove konsideri la demandon,
“ ˆCu maˆsinoj scipovas pensi?”
Turing 1950
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9. Kio estus ‘pensanta maˆsino’?
Estis John McCarthy (1927-2011) kiu inventis en 1956 la esprimon
“Artefarita Inteligenteco” (ekde nun, AI). Tiam, en kurso ˆce MIT li
inventis la esprimon kaj aparte programlingvaˆon LISP, kiu estis
revolucia tiutempe: ˆgi havis abstraktan sintakson; nemonotonan
logikan teknikon nomata ˆcirka˘uskribadon; kaj rubujkolektanton.
La˘u li, A.I. esprimas sin per logiko, kiu estas la plej pura, perfekta
maniero pensi de la homoj – la˘u la filozofia linio kiun komencis
Leibniz ˆgis Turing, tra Frege kaj Hilbert.
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10. La patro de Artefarita Inteligenteco ˆsakludas
McCarthy en 1966 ˆsakludas kun kvar kolegoj en Sovetio per komputila transsendo de informoj
12. La unua interpreto: forta AI
ˆCu la homa penso estas pure logika?
Por la jesrespondanta skolo, ˆciu formo de homa inteligenteco
lastanalize baziˆgas je logiko, eˆc emocioj. Do la maˆsino povas imiti la
procezon de la homa cerbo – alivorte, reprodukti spegule la homan
menson. Tio signifas, la ricevanto de la eliga (postkomputita) informo
povas esti kaj homo kaj maˆsino sen esencaj, ontologiaj diferencoj.
Tio levis etikajn problemojn: por tiu ˆci skolo, la etika rezonado estas –
denove – parto de logiko, do sufiˆcas programi la “leˆgojn de
humanistiko” similajn al tiuj en la fantasciencaj1 robotoj de Asimov
por havi etikan agenton, kiu povas konduti samkiel homa agento.
1
same kiel ‘sciencfikcia’, sed pli belsona. Proponis William Auld.12 de 27
14. Post la printempa entuziasmo, la AI-vintro
Ju pli fantasta kaj fantascienca literaturo populariˆgis, des pli la realaj
rezultoj de la forta AI estis mizeraj: rapide buˆgetoj por esplorado estis
forprenitaj ˆcie.
En 1966, la revo pri ˆgeneral-cela Per-A˘utomata Tradukado draste
falis pro manko de rezultoj.
En la 1970aj registaroj tra E˘uropo maldonis buˆgetojn por AI.
En la 1980aj, la japana projekto pri kvina generacio de komputiloj,
kie logiko troviˆgis rekte en la aparataro, estis kompleta malsukceso.
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16. La dua interpreto: malforta AI
En tre influa fakartikolo publikigita en jaro 1990, Rodney Brooks
(naskiˆgis en 1954) ˆsanˆgas la vidpunkton: AI devas imiti la rezulton de
la naturo, ne la procezon. La ekzemplo estas la elefanto: ˆgi estas
inteligenta specio eˆc sen kapablo ˆsakludi. La esplorado komencu ekde
pli simplaj animaloj ol la homa, kaj iom post iom alsupri la evoluan
ˆstuparon.
Konsekvence, AI ne estas abstrakta rezonado sed korpa: robotoj
interagu kun homoj kaj aliaj robotoj en la sama medio.
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20. Konkretaj rezultoj ˆcefe ne venas de forta AI
Post la AI-vintro, kelkaj konceptoj pluvivis sed ekster AI, ˆcefe en
inˆgenierio de programaro a˘u en informadiko, sed sen tro da sukceso:
la semantika TTT, a˘u ‘Vebo 3.0’;
logik-semantika programado (projekto CYC);
a˘utomataj babililoj ne ˆsajnas homoj, foje homoj ˆsajnas maˆsinaj
(Loebner-Premio por relaigi la Turing-teston).
Neniu el tiuj projektoj eliris la kabinetan, akademian fazon. Tamen
estis pozitiva rezulto flanke de tio: la ˆcefa ideo, ke maˆsinoj povas esti
inteligentaj igis homojn pridemandi kio estas inteligenteco ˆgenerale.
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21. Malforta AI montris ke inteligenteco povas esti
imitita. . .
Tute male, la malforta AI produktis diversajn konkretajn rezultojn,
t.e. ekster la akademia mondo, ˆcar ˆgi:
ne pretendas speguli la procezon, sed nur atingi akcepteblan
rezulton.
Ofte programoj a˘utomate lernas (a˘u ‘maˆsinlernas’) de la enigaj
datumoj fare de la uzantoj kaj plibonigas la eligajn rezultojn pere de
statistiko. Alivorte:
inteligenteco en la maˆsino estas la sumo de la uzado de la
programoj fare de inteligentaj homoj.
Klara ekzemplo de tio estas la uzo de Esperanto en la malforta
AI-programo Guglo Tradukado.
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22. . . . sed homa inteligenteco estas pli ol lanˆci kubon!
La teamo de Guglo Tradukado vere surpriziˆgis pri la kvalito de
pera˘utomata tradukado kaze de Esperanto... En Esperanto, la
kvanto de ekzistaj tradukoj estas kompare malgranda. La
germana a˘u la hispana, ekzemple, havas pli ol centoblajn
datumojn; aliaj lingvoj kiujn ni ekzamenas por esplorado havas
similan kvanton da datumojn kiel Esperanto sed ili ne atingas
kompareblan kvaliton ankora˘u. Esperanto estis konstruita por
esti facile lernebla fare de homoj, kaj verˆsajne tio helpis
pera˘utomatan tradukadon same.
Thorsten Brants, Sciencisto Esploristo, Blogo de Guglo Tradukado
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27. Dankon por via atento!
Se ne nun, sendu ilin poste al:
F.Gobbo@uva.nl
Deˆsutu kaj disvastigu ˆci prezenton de ˆci-tie:
http:/federicogobbo.name/eo/2015.php
CC BY: $
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Federico Gobbo 2015
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