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Kids and Social Media
Raising Free-Range Kids in a Digital Age
Kids and Social Media
The iPhone came out in 2007,
which marks an entry to digital
usage among kids and
teenagers for the next decade.
2
Smartphone Adoption
A survey of more than
5,000 American teens
found that 75% of teens
owned an iPhone in 2017.
Statista found that
Google Android and Apple
iPhones have taken over
98% of the US market
from April 2017 and
onward for ages 13 and
up.
3
The igeneration is our only study data
More likely to be called Gen Z, psychologist and researcher,
Jean M. Twenge, calls them iGen or the iGeneration. Born
between 1995 and 2012, these teenagers and children have
used digital technology or social media since adolescence.
Given their large increase in screen time we’ve seen
negative and positive changes. What have we seen?
What do studies of iGen’s tech use spell out for today’s
kids?
4
Less Sleep
● It’s stagnant and then
we see a jump ~2012. Is
it because kids had
phones at younger ages
and then we saw delayed
effects?
● “Fifty-seven percent
more teens were sleep
deprived in 2015 than
in 1991. In just the
four years from 2012 to
2015, 22 percent more
teens failed to get
seven hours of sleep.”
5
Hanging out with friends, irl
● Less in-person social
contact with others
● Does that mean reduced
communication in the
household too?
● “The number of teens who
get together with their
friends nearly every day
dropped by more than 40
percent from 2000 to
2015; the decline has
been especially steep
recently.”
6
Smartphone > driver’s licenses
A positive note: teens are
less likely to be in a car
wreck as a result.
Ever experience this gif or
dread of it?
7
Loneliness
● Is this because they see
others hanging out on
social media? Yes, it adds
to unhappiness.
● “Teens who spend more time
than average on screen
activities are more likely
to be unhappy, and those
who spend more time than
average on nonscreen
activities are more likely
to be happy.” - NIDA
Results
8
Speech Development
"Our study demonstrated that in 18-month-old children, an increase in
30 minutes per day in mobile media device use was associated with a
2.3 times increased risk of parent-reported expressive speech delay
but not an increased risk of other parent-reported communication
delays. Almost a quarter (22.4%) of the 18-month-old children used
mobile media devices on a daily basis, with a median duration of 15.7
minutes per day. Our findings address a gap in the literature on
mobile media device use in 18-month-old children and its association
with communication delays."
Citation: van Den Heuvel, Meta, Julia Ma, Cornelia Borkhoff, Christine Koroshegyi, David
Dai, Patricia Parkin, Jonathon Maguire, and Catherine Birken. “Mobile Media Device Use Is
Associated with Expressive Language Delay in 18-Month-Old Children.” Journal of
Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 40, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 99–104.
http://search.proquest.com/docview/2188556972/.
9
Homicide vs suicide
“Teens who spend three hours a day or
more on electronic devices are 35 percent
more likely to have a risk factor for
suicide, such as a suicide plan.” - Jean
M. Twenge
“As teens have started spending less time
together, they have become less likely to
kill one another, and more likely to kill
themselves. In 2011, for the first time
in 24 years, the teen suicide rate was
higher than the teen homicide rate” -
Jean M. Twenge
Jean M. Twenge
10
Correlation doesn’t mean Causation
Yes, these are trends and are
collinear! So are the silly ones to
the right...
Is there a causal relationship between
smartphones and kids? In 60 years we
will know. But you have to decide now.
Research and experts always have
lagging information, but smartphones
are a new trend. Unfortunately, this
one is on you: is consumption vs.
creation what’s at stake for your
child? 11
Listen to your
heart
12
What are parent’s fears For kids?
13
Top 3 social media fears
1. Violence in social media
a. Great, but what about the teenage
trends showing violence to
themselves rather than others?
2. Sexual content in social media
a. A good concern, yet in teenagers we
are seeing drops in sexual activity
over the last decade.
3. Spending too much time on
social media
a. From the previous slides, I think
this might move to #1.
14
Want to be a great digital age parent?
Research indicates you probably already are, if you’re reading this in
the first place!
15
What Psychologists have found on Parenting & Depression
A meta analysis on parenting and its effect on children’s depression
“...challenge the prevailing assumption that parenting plays a major
role in determining the psychological well-being of children. The
theoretical models referenced above all suggest that parenting plays
a central role in childhood symptomatology, yet the available
meta-analytic evidence suggests otherwise. Parenting appears to
account for a relatively small proportion of the [depression]
variance, at least in terms of a direct effect. In contrast, using
behavioral genetic methods, twin and adoption studies find a large
role for additive genetic variance in children's depression."
- McLeod, B. D., Weisz, J. R., & Wood, J. J. (2007)
16
Therapists and Technologists for You
At Pinwheel, we have
resources for you! Our
advisory board has licensed
therapists and psychologists
as well as software
technologists who care about
your children and you.
17
SIgn Up to Get more!
If you want similar
content we’d love
to share it with
you.
Click Here to
sign up!
Reply any time! A real
human reads it, and we
prioritize studies,
research, Q&A, podcasts,
and videos based on both
what we see in the clinic
and what you folks raise
as concerns.
18
A Parting Gift: Twitter accounts you may Enjoy
19
References
Slide 2: comScore. "Subscriber share held by smartphone operating systems in the United States from 2012 to 2019." Chart.
November 15, 2019.Statista.
https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/statistics/266572/market-share-held-by-smartphone-platforms-in-the-united
-states/.
Twenge, J. M. (2017). Have smartphones destroyed a generation. The Atlantic, 3.
Slide 4-8: Twenge, J. M. (2017). Have smartphones destroyed a generation. The Atlantic, 3.
Slide 9: van Den Heuvel, Meta, Julia Ma, Cornelia Borkhoff, Christine Koroshegyi, David Dai, Patricia Parkin, Jonathon
Maguire, and Catherine Birken. “Mobile Media Device Use Is Associated with Expressive Language Delay in 18-Month-Old
Children.” Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 40, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 99–104.
http://search.proquest.com/docview/2188556972/.
Slide 10: Twenge, J. M. (2017). Have smartphones destroyed a generation. The Atlantic, 3.
Slide 13-14: Common Sense Media; Various sources (VJR Consulting), The Common Sense Census: Media Use by Kids Age Zero to
Eight. Pg. 40. United States; January 20 to February 10, 2017, 0-8 years; 1,454.
Slide 16: McLeod, B. D., Weisz, J. R., & Wood, J. J. (2007). Examining the association between parenting and childhood
depression: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(8), 986-1003.
Slide 19: “Most influential parenting-related Twitter accounts in the United States as of 2018. Brandwatch. July 2018.
brandwatch.com
20

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Kids and Social Media: Raising Free-Range Kids in a Digital Age

  • 1. Kids and Social Media Raising Free-Range Kids in a Digital Age
  • 2. Kids and Social Media The iPhone came out in 2007, which marks an entry to digital usage among kids and teenagers for the next decade. 2
  • 3. Smartphone Adoption A survey of more than 5,000 American teens found that 75% of teens owned an iPhone in 2017. Statista found that Google Android and Apple iPhones have taken over 98% of the US market from April 2017 and onward for ages 13 and up. 3
  • 4. The igeneration is our only study data More likely to be called Gen Z, psychologist and researcher, Jean M. Twenge, calls them iGen or the iGeneration. Born between 1995 and 2012, these teenagers and children have used digital technology or social media since adolescence. Given their large increase in screen time we’ve seen negative and positive changes. What have we seen? What do studies of iGen’s tech use spell out for today’s kids? 4
  • 5. Less Sleep ● It’s stagnant and then we see a jump ~2012. Is it because kids had phones at younger ages and then we saw delayed effects? ● “Fifty-seven percent more teens were sleep deprived in 2015 than in 1991. In just the four years from 2012 to 2015, 22 percent more teens failed to get seven hours of sleep.” 5
  • 6. Hanging out with friends, irl ● Less in-person social contact with others ● Does that mean reduced communication in the household too? ● “The number of teens who get together with their friends nearly every day dropped by more than 40 percent from 2000 to 2015; the decline has been especially steep recently.” 6
  • 7. Smartphone > driver’s licenses A positive note: teens are less likely to be in a car wreck as a result. Ever experience this gif or dread of it? 7
  • 8. Loneliness ● Is this because they see others hanging out on social media? Yes, it adds to unhappiness. ● “Teens who spend more time than average on screen activities are more likely to be unhappy, and those who spend more time than average on nonscreen activities are more likely to be happy.” - NIDA Results 8
  • 9. Speech Development "Our study demonstrated that in 18-month-old children, an increase in 30 minutes per day in mobile media device use was associated with a 2.3 times increased risk of parent-reported expressive speech delay but not an increased risk of other parent-reported communication delays. Almost a quarter (22.4%) of the 18-month-old children used mobile media devices on a daily basis, with a median duration of 15.7 minutes per day. Our findings address a gap in the literature on mobile media device use in 18-month-old children and its association with communication delays." Citation: van Den Heuvel, Meta, Julia Ma, Cornelia Borkhoff, Christine Koroshegyi, David Dai, Patricia Parkin, Jonathon Maguire, and Catherine Birken. “Mobile Media Device Use Is Associated with Expressive Language Delay in 18-Month-Old Children.” Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 40, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 99–104. http://search.proquest.com/docview/2188556972/. 9
  • 10. Homicide vs suicide “Teens who spend three hours a day or more on electronic devices are 35 percent more likely to have a risk factor for suicide, such as a suicide plan.” - Jean M. Twenge “As teens have started spending less time together, they have become less likely to kill one another, and more likely to kill themselves. In 2011, for the first time in 24 years, the teen suicide rate was higher than the teen homicide rate” - Jean M. Twenge Jean M. Twenge 10
  • 11. Correlation doesn’t mean Causation Yes, these are trends and are collinear! So are the silly ones to the right... Is there a causal relationship between smartphones and kids? In 60 years we will know. But you have to decide now. Research and experts always have lagging information, but smartphones are a new trend. Unfortunately, this one is on you: is consumption vs. creation what’s at stake for your child? 11
  • 13. What are parent’s fears For kids? 13
  • 14. Top 3 social media fears 1. Violence in social media a. Great, but what about the teenage trends showing violence to themselves rather than others? 2. Sexual content in social media a. A good concern, yet in teenagers we are seeing drops in sexual activity over the last decade. 3. Spending too much time on social media a. From the previous slides, I think this might move to #1. 14
  • 15. Want to be a great digital age parent? Research indicates you probably already are, if you’re reading this in the first place! 15
  • 16. What Psychologists have found on Parenting & Depression A meta analysis on parenting and its effect on children’s depression “...challenge the prevailing assumption that parenting plays a major role in determining the psychological well-being of children. The theoretical models referenced above all suggest that parenting plays a central role in childhood symptomatology, yet the available meta-analytic evidence suggests otherwise. Parenting appears to account for a relatively small proportion of the [depression] variance, at least in terms of a direct effect. In contrast, using behavioral genetic methods, twin and adoption studies find a large role for additive genetic variance in children's depression." - McLeod, B. D., Weisz, J. R., & Wood, J. J. (2007) 16
  • 17. Therapists and Technologists for You At Pinwheel, we have resources for you! Our advisory board has licensed therapists and psychologists as well as software technologists who care about your children and you. 17
  • 18. SIgn Up to Get more! If you want similar content we’d love to share it with you. Click Here to sign up! Reply any time! A real human reads it, and we prioritize studies, research, Q&A, podcasts, and videos based on both what we see in the clinic and what you folks raise as concerns. 18
  • 19. A Parting Gift: Twitter accounts you may Enjoy 19
  • 20. References Slide 2: comScore. "Subscriber share held by smartphone operating systems in the United States from 2012 to 2019." Chart. November 15, 2019.Statista. https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/statistics/266572/market-share-held-by-smartphone-platforms-in-the-united -states/. Twenge, J. M. (2017). Have smartphones destroyed a generation. The Atlantic, 3. Slide 4-8: Twenge, J. M. (2017). Have smartphones destroyed a generation. The Atlantic, 3. Slide 9: van Den Heuvel, Meta, Julia Ma, Cornelia Borkhoff, Christine Koroshegyi, David Dai, Patricia Parkin, Jonathon Maguire, and Catherine Birken. “Mobile Media Device Use Is Associated with Expressive Language Delay in 18-Month-Old Children.” Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 40, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 99–104. http://search.proquest.com/docview/2188556972/. Slide 10: Twenge, J. M. (2017). Have smartphones destroyed a generation. The Atlantic, 3. Slide 13-14: Common Sense Media; Various sources (VJR Consulting), The Common Sense Census: Media Use by Kids Age Zero to Eight. Pg. 40. United States; January 20 to February 10, 2017, 0-8 years; 1,454. Slide 16: McLeod, B. D., Weisz, J. R., & Wood, J. J. (2007). Examining the association between parenting and childhood depression: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(8), 986-1003. Slide 19: “Most influential parenting-related Twitter accounts in the United States as of 2018. Brandwatch. July 2018. brandwatch.com 20