Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Annotated Bibliography Should social media access be limited or prevented for young children. O'Keffe, G. e. (2011). The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families. Excessive computer use is keep able of affecting children's social growth. At the age of around seven years, the interaction of a child with family, school, friends, community and media all play a central role in the growth of interpersonal skills and social competence of the child. Computers are now part of that stage of development and alarms have been sounded that children who have too much access to computers create electronic friendships and might be mired in building interpersonal skills. To reduce the high risk of obesity, and other harmful effects of prolonged media exposure, the American Academy of Pediatrics has always advised parents to reduce the time spent children spend on video games, computers and other media to not more than one to two hours a day, and to encourage them to explore different activities like sports, cycling or imaginative play. David D. Luxton, P. a. (2012). Social Media and Suicide: A Public Health Perspective. Social media may also pose a threat to vulnerable people through the formation and influence of extreme online groups that promote and provide support for beliefs and behaviors normally unacceptable by most society for example anorexia, suicide, and intentional body harm. Users that support eating disorder or sites that support suicide can find support and acceptance that they have not found through other means. These online groups may provide support; they pose a risk to the public by encouraging weak individuals to harm themselves. There is evidence that social media can influence suicide behavior. The Internet removes geographic barriers to communication between people, the creation of pro-suicide social media sites creates a new risk to vulnerable people who might not have been exposed to these imminent hazards. The developing data regarding the influence of the Internet and social media on suicide behavior have states that these forms of technology may introduce different threats to the public including new opportunities for assistance and prevention. Since social media are generally created and organized by end users, the available chance for monitoring and prevention can be drawn-out to all users. To facilitate this user-driven approach to shadowing and prevention, all social media sites could embrace the simple using methods which allow users to raise the alarm in case of mischievous Web sites. Dinleyici, M. e. (n.d.). Media Use by Children, and Parents’ Views on Children's Media Usage. Journal of medical research. The author states that majority of parents are aware that 13 years is the least age for most social media sites, but they do not understand the reason. However, 13 years is the minimum age set out by legislations in various states and most online si ...

1. Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annotated Bibliography
Should social media access be limited or prevented for young
children.
O'Keffe, G. e. (2011). The Impact of Social Media on Children,
Adolescents, and Families.
Excessive computer use is keep able of affecting children's
social growth. At the age of around seven years, the interaction
of a child with family, school, friends, community and media all
play a central role in the growth of interpersonal skills and
social competence of the child. Computers are now part of that
stage of development and alarms have been sounded that
children who have too much access to computers create
electronic friendships and might be mired in building
interpersonal skills. To reduce the high risk of obesity, and
other harmful effects of prolonged media exposure, the
American Academy of Pediatrics has always advised parents to

2. reduce the time spent children spend on video games, computers
and other media to not more than one to two hours a day, and to
encourage them to explore different activities like sports,
cycling or imaginative play.
David D. Luxton, P. a. (2012). Social Media and Suicide: A
Public Health Perspective.
Social media may also pose a threat to vulnerable people
through the formation and influence of extreme online groups
that promote and provide support for beliefs and behaviors
normally unacceptable by most society for example anorexia,
suicide, and intentional body harm. Users that support eating
disorder or sites that support suicide can find support and
acceptance that they have not found through other means. These
online groups may provide support; they pose a risk to the
public by encouraging weak individuals to harm themselves.
There is evidence that social media can influence suicide
behavior. The Internet removes geographic barriers to
communication between people, the creation of pro-suicide
social media sites creates a new risk to vulnerable people who
might not have been exposed to these imminent hazards.
The developing data regarding the influence of the Internet
and social media on suicide behavior have states that these
forms of technology may introduce different threats to the
public including new opportunities for assistance and
prevention. Since social media are generally created and
organized by end users, the available chance for monitoring and
prevention can be drawn-out to all users. To facilitate this user-
driven approach to shadowing and prevention, all social media
sites could embrace the simple using methods which allow users
to raise the alarm in case of mischievous Web sites.
Dinleyici, M. e. (n.d.). Media Use by Children, and Parents’
Views on Children's Media Usage. Journal of medical research.
The author states that majority of parents are aware that 13
years is the least age for most social media sites, but they do
not understand the reason. However, 13 years is the minimum
age set out by legislations in various states and most online site

3. are bound by this regulation. It is imperative that parents
analyze the sites on which their child wants to participate in to
be sure that the site is suitable for that child's age. In general, if
a website stipulates a minimum age for use in its terms of
service, it is useful that age should be respected. Lying about
age has become common practice by various preadolescents and
some parents. Parents must be thoughtful about the required age
for social media interaction to be sure their children are not
sending messages about lying about their age and that the online
safety of their children is always the core message being
accentuated
Shields, M. &. (2000). Children and Computer Technology:
Analysis and Recommendations.
States, that participation of parents in monitoring their
children’s media carefully can have a big number of health
advantages for children. The aspect of parental monitoring is
divided into (1) viewing together with the child, (2) controlling
amount of time used on media, (3) checking the types of
content, and (4) aggressively talking about the meanings and
impact of media information with children which is also
referred to active mediation. The author adds that, studies have
revealed that co-viewing paired with active mediation, limiting
the amount of media exposure, and controlling content are all
influential shielding factors for children.
Active mediation can entail giving views on media content,
educating children concerning the tenacities of a number of
media for example adverts or giving guidance and clarifications.
Parental monitoring of children’s media influences children’s
sleeping habits, school routine, social and aggressive behaviors,
and that these impacts are reconciled through the amount of
time spent watching and contact with media violence. Parental
monitoring of media has defensive impact on a wide variety of
academic, social, and physical child habits.
Nikken, P. (2015). How and Why Parents Guide the Media Use
of Young Children. Journal of Child and Family Studies.

4. Research findings on effects of social media on children remain
divided and therefore, can be confusing to educators and
parents. A number children’s media researchers have not found
any evidence to support the belief that screen media is
inherently dangerous. Per researched based on the learning
initiative, it was found that when television shows and
electronic resources have been carefully designed to incorporate
what is identified about actual reading instruction, they act as
positive and dominant tools used for teaching and learning.
While critics have issued many warnings against television and
computers and their adverse impact on children’s learning, the
best logical conclusion that can be drawn from the existing
scholarly writing is that, it is the educational aspect that counts
and not the format in which it is portrayed. In a nutshell, there
are some educationally valuable television shows, websites, and
digital media, and there are others that are not valuable and
educationally worthless
Hatch, K. (2011). Determining Effects of Technology on
children.
The author argues that for us to say that technology should
be taken out of children’s lives all together has seems like an
unrealistic notion, due to the massive amount of technology that
is present in the current time. Keeping kids away from it
entirely would mean that they are shielded from the cell phone,
the television, iPods and the computer. Preventing children
from social media would require a tremendous change in
lifestyle from adults, yet they too are already engrossed in
technology. When it is narrowed down to this, it is not the fact
that children have this technology that is the problem. Allowing
children to access technologies in their lives assist them to get
the benefits of its use, and in preventing them against the risks
are the two key practices that must be followed in parental
controls and balance. Parental control on how children use
technology can reduced the social media risk to children.
Parents who know the advantages of technology and want to
equip their children for the technology-driven world should

5. understand that there must be some responsibility shown to the
child, and a kind of observation done while they are still young.
This therefore, means that parents can play active roles in
allowing the children to engage in technology use but also show
them that life is more than living behind a screen, and being
glued with a laptop or Mac.
Ellen, K. (2012). Teenagers and Social Media: How to connect
and protect your children.
The author observes that; the communication is very important
when dealing with young children who are involved in using
social media. Learn how to communicate openly with your teen.
By building an atmosphere of trust and understanding what your
teen is experiencing in the social media world, it’s more likely
that he or she will come to you if something disturbing happens
while on the Internet. Families should have regular family
meetings where they can discuss with their children about
things going on social media such a bullying. Parents can start
in advance by explaining to children what the knowhow they are
using is, and what the threats that might come along with it.
Children can use a computer with a parent’s permission if
parents look what their children are doing, and explain to them
what the risks and benefits of the Internet are. Having a toolbar
that can filter what they have access to can also benefit on
keeping children browsing safe on the website. For social
networking, parents should respect the age limit and allow their
child to be mature enough to access sites like Myspace or
Facebook, and then carry out an assessment on how the child
uses the site. One of the efficient ways to monitor young
children on Facebook is for parents to be their friend on the
site. For activities, such as video game parents can put a limit
on how long the games can be played per day, and under what
conditions. The overall effect on young children is both good
and bad. According to research for instance, it has been found
out that more Facebook activity is related to signs of various
psychiatric disorders like narcissism, while the similar research
shows that having more friends on Facebook envisages lower

6. depression.
References
David D. Luxton, P. a. (2012). Social Media and Suicide: A
Public Health Perspective.
Dinleyici, M. e. (n.d.). Media Use by Children, and Parents’
Views on Children's Media Usage. Journal of medical research.
Ellen, K. (2012). Teenagers and Social Media:How to connect
and protect your children.
Hatch, K. (2011). Determining Effects of Technology on
children.
Nikken, P. (2015). How and Why Parents Guide the Media Use
of Young Children. Journal of Child and Family Studies.
O'Keffe, G. e. (2011). The Impact of Social Media on Children,
Adolescents, and Families.
Shields, M. &. (2000). Children and Computer Technology:
Analysis and Recommendations.
Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL 1
RESEARCH PROPOSAL 4
Research Proposal
Topic
Should social media access be limited or prevented for young

7. children is the question debated by both parents and
pediatricians on child social growth. Currently, at an early age
between 7 and 13 years, it is a critical stage for the growth of
interpersonal skills and social competence of a child. Therefore,
the media they interact with will be very influential in their
future interactions (Livingstone and Bovill, 2013). Thus the
parents can either decide to allow them to be exposed to family,
school, and friends as a community or the full access to the
media. Occasionally, allowing the children to interact with the
media is not harmful, but it is vital to monitor what they are
being exposed to and reduce the amount of time they spend on
the virtual systems. Some of the negative ways that the media
influences children is through the recruitment into mass killings
that is often associated with terrorism. Furthermore, the persons
that the children admire most when they are growing, they tend
to emulate their characteristics and behaviors which can either
be positive or negative for a child development.
Controversy
Pediatricians have over the years advocated for exposure to
media by a kid to be less than 2 hours a day so as to allow them
to have functional interpersonal skills. However, critics have
been raised on the notion as media has occasionally been used
for education and thus the kid can still get same skills in school
ad through media. The mode of exposure does not matter. This
debate has left many schools in a dilemma whether to fully
initiate digital learning in their schools or emphasize on the
traditional education and only use digital learning in individual
cases.
With today’s technology-driven world, it is almost impossible
to keep the children away from the media (Strasburger, 2013).
Shielding them will mean raising them in an ideal environment
that support less technology, and upon maturity, they are unable
to interact with their equals who were exposed to media while
growing up. Therefore, parents have the responsibility of
allowing the children to learn and appreciate the innovations
and technologies in the press while at the same time preventing

8. them from exposure to the risk of excessive media consumption.
Social networks are notably the teen’s largest pools of friends’
acquisition. With the current trend in the social networks, it is,
therefore, important that the parents are kept in the loop on
which friends the children interact with on the social sites.
However, despite social networking being used for friends’
acquisition it also acts as a speculative venture of teens
acquisition of friends, as the ones in the social networks are
only virtual friends and there is little to no physical interactions
between them as friends. Moreover, parents are noted to ensure
they respect the children pool of friends be it the once they
choose to associate with being either physically available or
those on the social sites who are only virtual (Love, et al.,
2016). Thus, to ensure there is not in the children interactions,
it is paramount that the parents explain in detail the advantages
and disadvantages on friends acquisition on the social networks.
Thesis
Social media access should be limited or prevented for young
children. Giving internet access freely to young children
without adult supervision/consent can put themselves and
family at risk of internet stalkers, child predators,
cyberbullying, and identity theft.
References
Livingstone, S., & Bovill, M. (Eds.). (2013). Children and their
changing media environment: A European comparative study.
Routledge.
Love, S. M., Sanders, M. R., Turner, K. M., Maurange, M.,
Knott, T., Prinz, R., & Ainsworth, A. T. (2016). Social media
and gamification: Engaging vulnerable parents in an online
evidence-based parenting program. Child abuse & neglect, 53,
95-107.
Strasburger, V. C., Hogan, M. J., Mulligan, D. A., Ameenuddin,
N., Christakis, D. A., Cross, C., & Moreno, M. A. (2013).
Children, adolescents, and the media. Pediatrics, 132(5), 958-
961.

9. Unit IV Literature Review
Draft of Introduction and Literature Review
Follow the directions below for the completion of the
introduction and literature review draft assignment for Unit IV.
If you have questions, please email your professor for
assistance.
Purpose: The purpose of this assignment is to begin drafting
your academic argumentative research paper.
Description: In this assignment, you will first write your
literature review; then, you will write your introduction. Please
see “Lesson 4: The Introduction” for details on why it is
suggested that you begin the drafting process with the literature
review instead of the introduction. The following details are
requirements of the assignment:
-12 well-developed sentences/approximately
350 words): For more details about what is expected for each of
the following sentences, please see “Lesson 4: The
Introduction.” You may also want to review the “Example
Introduction and Literature Review (with comments).” The
following components must be included in the introduction (in
the following order).
o Sentence 1: Introduce the general topic
o Sentence 2: Pro side (general)
o Sentence 3: Con side (general)
o Sentence 4: Narrow the scope (1)
o Sentence 5: Examples of the narrowed topic
o Sentence 6: Narrow the scope (2)
o Sentence 7: Specific controversy
o Sentence 8: Pro side (specific)
o Sentence 9: Con side (specific)
o Sentence 10: The thesis
-900 words): For details about the
structure of the literature review, you will want to review

10. “Lesson 3: The Literature Review: The Process.” You may also
want to review the “Example Introduction and Literature
Review (with comments).” The link is below.
o Literature review preface: This paragraph acts as a guide to
what the reader can expect in the literature review.
o Literature review body: This section includes three to four
body paragraphs that discuss the history, terminology, and both
sides of the controversy (pro and con).
o Literature review conclusion: The conclusion signals that the
literature review is ending, but it also acts as a kind of preface
for the body of the paper by restating the thesis statement and
establishing your argument once again.
materials.
of APA citations and references for all paraphrased and quoted
material.