Today, the ketogenic diet is the world's fastest growing diet, and with good reason. When practiced correctly, it has been proven to burn fat, reduce inflammation, fight cancer, balance hormones and gut bacteria, improve neurological diseases, and even increase lifespan. Unfortunately, many people remain unaware of several key factors that are crucial to the diet's success, setting them up for frustration, failure, and relapse.
The ketogenic diet (or keto diet, for short) is a low carb, high fat diet that offers many health benefits.
In fact, many studies show that this type of diet can help you lose weight and improve your health.
Ketogenic diets may even have benefits against diabetes, cancer, epilepsy, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Intermittent fasting is an Interventional strategy where in individuals are subjected to varying periods of fasting.
It doesn’t specify which foods you should eat but rather when you should eat them.
Intermittent fasting (IF) is an eating pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and eating.
It’s currently very popular in the health and fitness community.
Recently attracted attention because:
1- Its Evidence-Based Health Benefits
2- Its potential for correcting metabolic Abnormalities
3- Better adherence than other methods
Click on any of these links to get more information on the Ketogenic (Keto) Diet.
Get your custom plan KETO Diet: https://bit.ly/3eW4O4k
Follow This 28 days Plan keto diet: https://bit.ly/376Y0hL
Bread, Sandwiches & Pizza recipes to Follow on a 100% Ketogenic Diet: https://bit.ly/2AIAL1o
Dozens of diet plans on the market. everybody search for diets offering a way to reduce without accompanying cravings, hunger pangs, or need for heavy exertion.
The ketogenic diet (or keto diet, for short) is a low carb, high fat diet that offers many health benefits.
In fact, many studies show that this type of diet can help you lose weight and improve your health.
Ketogenic diets may even have benefits against diabetes, cancer, epilepsy, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Intermittent fasting is an Interventional strategy where in individuals are subjected to varying periods of fasting.
It doesn’t specify which foods you should eat but rather when you should eat them.
Intermittent fasting (IF) is an eating pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and eating.
It’s currently very popular in the health and fitness community.
Recently attracted attention because:
1- Its Evidence-Based Health Benefits
2- Its potential for correcting metabolic Abnormalities
3- Better adherence than other methods
Click on any of these links to get more information on the Ketogenic (Keto) Diet.
Get your custom plan KETO Diet: https://bit.ly/3eW4O4k
Follow This 28 days Plan keto diet: https://bit.ly/376Y0hL
Bread, Sandwiches & Pizza recipes to Follow on a 100% Ketogenic Diet: https://bit.ly/2AIAL1o
Dozens of diet plans on the market. everybody search for diets offering a way to reduce without accompanying cravings, hunger pangs, or need for heavy exertion.
Intermittent Fasting is the new kid on the block in terms of weight loss. But is it just a fad or are the proclaimed benefits backed by science?
http://blackbeltwhitehat.com/mma/nutrition/intermittent-fasting-diet-plan/
Most of the people worried about how will they weight loss fast naturally. And its possible only of keto diet or keto recipe. Here you will get perfect answer.
AHS13 Colin Champ — Intermittent Fasting and Carbohydrate Restriction in Canc...Ancestral Health Society
Dietary manipulation, including intermittent fasting, carbohydrate restriction, and ketogenic diets, all ancestral in etiology, appear to increase the efficacy of radiation therapy for cancer treatment in preclinical and clinical trials. Clinical trials incorporating such dietary manipulation are necessary.
Keto is everywhere; it's the new buzzword, the new favorite among those looking to shed pounds, and the new hate victim of the food-pyramid-spouting-eat-your-whole grains mainstream medical industry. The keto diet, while it is not the magic cure-all for every single disease on the planet, does a pretty dang good job at being the potential causer of healing many horrible conditions. So let's cut through the science, separate fact from fiction, and look at the benefits of the keto diet.
A ketogenic diet to lose weight and fight metabolic diseasehananenina5
Obesity and metabolic diseases are major health problems worldwide.
In 2016, obesity affected 13% of adults globally.
Obesity is a risk factor of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high waist-to- hip ratio, and low HDL (good) cholesterol.
To combat this, many diets have emerged, including the ketogenic diet, in which a person consumes a very limited amount of carbohydrates. Some research suggests this diet may have benefits for people with obesity.
However, some experts have questioned the health benefits of the keto diet and called for more research. While it may help you lose weight, there may also be complications.
This article explains how the keto diet may help people lose weight and manage metabolic disease. It also discusses some of the possible drawbacks.
A longtime assistant professor at the University of South Florida, Dr. Dominic D'Agostino has conducted extensive research on areas relating to mitigating muscle wasting associated with cancer and the health consequences of a ketogenic diet. Nutrition researchers such as Dr. Dominic D'Agostino have long investigated the benefits of a ketogenic diet, which involves minimizing sugar and carbohydrate intake in favor of foods with a relatively high fat content. In the absence of sugar as a primary energy source, the body begins to utilize fatty acid metabolism, which relies on the body’s fat stores.
Ketogenic diet. The Keto Diet Is a High Fat, Moderate Protein And Low Carbohydrate Diet. Ketogenic diet. Try the World’s Most Popular Keto Meal Plans, Recipes and Programs. Intermittent Fasting Plan. Online Weight Loss Plan. Keto Meal Plan. Vegetarian/Vegan Diet.
Intermittent Fasting is the new kid on the block in terms of weight loss. But is it just a fad or are the proclaimed benefits backed by science?
http://blackbeltwhitehat.com/mma/nutrition/intermittent-fasting-diet-plan/
Most of the people worried about how will they weight loss fast naturally. And its possible only of keto diet or keto recipe. Here you will get perfect answer.
AHS13 Colin Champ — Intermittent Fasting and Carbohydrate Restriction in Canc...Ancestral Health Society
Dietary manipulation, including intermittent fasting, carbohydrate restriction, and ketogenic diets, all ancestral in etiology, appear to increase the efficacy of radiation therapy for cancer treatment in preclinical and clinical trials. Clinical trials incorporating such dietary manipulation are necessary.
Keto is everywhere; it's the new buzzword, the new favorite among those looking to shed pounds, and the new hate victim of the food-pyramid-spouting-eat-your-whole grains mainstream medical industry. The keto diet, while it is not the magic cure-all for every single disease on the planet, does a pretty dang good job at being the potential causer of healing many horrible conditions. So let's cut through the science, separate fact from fiction, and look at the benefits of the keto diet.
A ketogenic diet to lose weight and fight metabolic diseasehananenina5
Obesity and metabolic diseases are major health problems worldwide.
In 2016, obesity affected 13% of adults globally.
Obesity is a risk factor of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high waist-to- hip ratio, and low HDL (good) cholesterol.
To combat this, many diets have emerged, including the ketogenic diet, in which a person consumes a very limited amount of carbohydrates. Some research suggests this diet may have benefits for people with obesity.
However, some experts have questioned the health benefits of the keto diet and called for more research. While it may help you lose weight, there may also be complications.
This article explains how the keto diet may help people lose weight and manage metabolic disease. It also discusses some of the possible drawbacks.
A longtime assistant professor at the University of South Florida, Dr. Dominic D'Agostino has conducted extensive research on areas relating to mitigating muscle wasting associated with cancer and the health consequences of a ketogenic diet. Nutrition researchers such as Dr. Dominic D'Agostino have long investigated the benefits of a ketogenic diet, which involves minimizing sugar and carbohydrate intake in favor of foods with a relatively high fat content. In the absence of sugar as a primary energy source, the body begins to utilize fatty acid metabolism, which relies on the body’s fat stores.
Ketogenic diet. The Keto Diet Is a High Fat, Moderate Protein And Low Carbohydrate Diet. Ketogenic diet. Try the World’s Most Popular Keto Meal Plans, Recipes and Programs. Intermittent Fasting Plan. Online Weight Loss Plan. Keto Meal Plan. Vegetarian/Vegan Diet.
although ketogenic diet has been around for almost a century, it
is rapidly gaining popularity today. There is a reason why keto is
so highly regarded. It’s not a fad diet. It actually works, and it has
tremendous health benefits in addition to weight loss. When on
the keto diet, you are feeding your body exactly what it needs,
while eliminating toxins that will slow it down.
You’ve probably heard about
the keto diet, even if you may
not know exactly what it
entails.
It’s an ultra-low-carb, high-fat
diet that has shown promise in
managing Type 2 diabetics and
in weight loss.
But what’s all the fuss about? Is
it really safe? Are there longterm e
The ketogenic diet has gained popularity in health circles because of its weight loss benefits, but many of the studies done on keto have been focused on males and lab rats. What about the keto diet for women? Do the same health benefits that apply to men apply to women who choose to adopt a high-fat, low-carbohydrate eating pattern?
Let’s go over the science behind the diet to decipher keto diet benefits and risks for women, plus cover some simple tips to make sure you start the keto diet off on the right foot.
We've got answers to the most common questions to determine if the keto diet is right for you. What is the keto diet? How does the keto diet work?
what to eat on keto diet
keto diet plan
keto diet plan for beginners
keto diet for beginners
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
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Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
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Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
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Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
1. The Ketogenic Diet
Introduction:
The Ketogenic Diet is a high fat diet which appears to benefit some people with epilepsy, especially
children. It is not a magic cure but one alternative to the various anti-epileptic medications currently
available. The ketogenic diet offers the advantage of improved seizure control for some children,
and in some cases, improved mental alertness with fewer medications.
The ketogenic diet is often regarded as a difficult regimen to follow, however, with practice, and
an understanding what the diet aims to achieve, it can be reduced to a manageable routine. The
basic aim is to switch the body’s primary fuel source from carbohydrates (like bread and sugar)
to fats. This is done by increasing the intake of fats and greatly reducing the intake of
carbohydrates. The real difficulty is that the diet is so restrictive, that all foods eaten must be
weighed out to a tenth of a gram during meal preparation, and a participant may not eat anything
which is not “prescribed” by the dietician.
The level of carbohydrates allowed is very low so that even the small amount of sugar in most
liquid or chewable medications will prevent the diet from working.
As examples, a typical meal might include some type of meat with green vegetables cooked
with a mayonnaise sauce or a lot of butter. Heavy cream may be included on the side for
drinking. Another meal might consist of bacon and eggs with a lot of butter or oil added, and
heavy cream to drink. A very high ratio of fats to carbohydrates must be maintained with a low
total calorie intake for the diet to be successful.
2. >> Click here For Ultimate Keto Diet Plan <<
But isn’t fat bad for you?
Fats have been the subject of a lot of bad press in recent years. In addition many “healthy” foods
are advertised with a low fat content…after all “cholesterol kills” doesn’t it? The reality is a lot
more complex. It is true that too much fat can lead to arteriosclerosis (blockages of the blood
vessels), which can lead to heart attacks or strokes, but fats also have an important role to play in
nutritional health. Even cholesterol in controlled amounts is necessary and not as bad as people
have been taught. The role of fats and their dietary importance is discussed fully in the section
Understanding the Ketogenic Diet. For the moment, be reassured, the high fat content of the
ketogenic diet has not been shown to be harmful.
Historical Perspective:
The ketogenic diet is not a new treatment. Throughout history it has been recognized that if a
person with epilepsy stops eating (fasts) their seizures generally stop. The first scientific study
on fasting for the treatment of epilepsy was done in France in 1910. This study reported that
seizures stopped during absolute fasting. Later, other investigators also observed cessation of
seizures and improvement in mental activity during starvation, however, a person can’t fast
indefinitely. Therefore, in 1921 Dr. Wilder, at the Mayo Clinic, tried using a ketogenic diet to
treat patients with epilepsy. He had been using this same diet to prolong ketosis in diabetic
patients. At about the same time Drs Howland and Gamble at the Johns Hopkins Department of
Pediatrics observed that “prayer and a water diet which also involved starvation for three to
four weeks” reduced seizures in a nephew of a professor of pediatrics. Other investigators like
Dr’s Lennox and Cobb at Harvard University also began to study the ketogenic diet.
Continuum of Care ⬧ 2350 Alamo Avenue SE, Suite 155 ⬧ Albuquerque, NM 87106 ⬧ 505.925.2350 ⬧ Fax 505.925.2389 ⬧ hsc.unm.edu/som/coc
3. By 1924, Dr. Peterman, at the Mayo Clinic, was using the diet regularly, and the treatment
became widely used in the 1930s. After World War II, Dr. Livingston at Johns Hopkins studied
almost 1000 patients using the ketogenic diet and reported excellent seizure control. However,
as newer and more effective anti-seizure medications were introduced, interest in the ketogenic
diet declined.
Toward the end of the 1980s, interest in the diet was revived by Dr. John Freeman at Johns
Hopkins, who reported a study in 1992 showing that the diet produced complete seizure control
in 30% of children with previously uncontrolled seizures. One of the children treated
successfully by the Johns Hopkins team was Charlie Abrahams. In gratitude, his parents have
created the Charlie Foundation, which has given widespread publicity to the diet, in part by
making available a free video tape.
How does the Ketogenic Diet work?
The food we eat provides the fuel used by our bodies for everyday activities, and the materials
needed to help the body grow. Unlike cars which can only run on gasoline, the body is designed
to use three main fuels including carbohydrates, fats, and protein. Carbohydrates are the primary
component of sugars, starch, and flour which come mostly from plants. Fats come in two broad
types: saturated fats, like butter, which mostly come from animals, and unsaturated fats, like corn
oil, which mostly come from plants. Finally, protein comes mainly from animals and is
represented by meat and fish. The preceding is a broad generalization and there are many
variations, such as nuts which contain more than 50% fat.
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins all undergo the same type of chemical reaction with the oxygen
we breathe to produce energy for the body, and waste products including carbon dioxide and
water. This is the same reaction seen when a car engine burns gasoline, or when wood or coal
are burned for heat, etc. Although all three of the body’s fuels are metabolized in the same way,
carbohydrates are used preferentially, followed by fats then proteins.
Carbohydrates are used preferentially because they are usually readily available in most people,
and the body can metabolize them quickly for energy. Athletes often eat some form of high
carbohydrate snack prior to an athletic event to provide extra energy. Typically carbohydrates
will be used within a few hours after they are eaten, which is one reason why we eat so
frequently. Unused carbohydrates are stored in the liver in the form of glycogen, or converted to
fat.
In contrast, the primary role of fats is to store energy. Animals fatten up to prepare for winter.
The body normally stores the fats we eat but, if there isn’t enough carbohydrate available, the
body will break down the fat stores to use as fuel. Fats are metabolized much more slowly and
typically it will take a day or so for the fat content of a meal to be used. This is why people feel
fuller after a fatty meal as opposed to a low carbohydrate meal.
The third fuel, protein, is primarily used to build and replenish body materials; any excess
protein is metabolized as fuel, or excreted. If carbohydrate and fat stores are depleted, the body
will begin to breakdown muscle to metabolize the protein for fuel.
4. Continuum of Care ⬧ 2350 Alamo Avenue SE, Suite 155 ⬧ Albuquerque, NM 87106 ⬧ 505.925.2350 ⬧ Fax 505.925.2389 ⬧ hsc.unm.edu/som/coc
5. In a typical western diet, the proportion (by weight) of the three fuels used will be about 5 –
15% protein, 10 – 20% fat, and 65 – 85% carbohydrate. Any excess “fuel” will be stored as fat
by the body, or excreted. By contrast, in the ketogenic diet, the proportion of fats is raised
significantly and the proportion of carbohydrate is greatly reduced. It is also necessary to control
the total intake of food, since if the body is given excess, it will discard the fats preferentially in
an attempt to get back to its preferred balance of fuels. By restricting the total caloric intake, the
body is forced to metabolize fat in place of carbohydrate.
The ketogenic diet mimics a starvation or fasting state by denying the body the carbohydrate it
requires to function normally, and forcing it to metabolize fat. As the fat is metabolized ketone
bodies are produced. It is the production of the ketone bodies which appears to play a central
role in the success of the ketogenic diet. When the body begins producing ketone bodies it is
referred to as the body being in ketosis. It usually takes 3 – 5 days for the body to go into ketosis
after starting the diet. Ketosis is readily recognized, because the ketones can be detected in the
urine, and can be recognized by a characteristic smell of the individual’s breath. The
prophylactic properties of the ketogenic diet build up with time and it may take several weeks
before the full effect of ketogenic diet is achieved.
Who can use the diet?
The diet has mostly been used for children between the ages of one and six years. The diet can
be used in adolescents and adults, but is more difficult to maintain in older age groups because of
social factors, and the tendency to cheat.
Review of the medical literature (1276 patients totaled from multiple studies) suggests 49.5% of
patients will have a greater that 90% reduction is seizure activity. 27% will have a greater than
50% reduction in seizures, and the remainder will have a less than 50% reduction. These results
are surprisingly good given two important factors:
1. Compared to taking medications, the ketogenic diet is much more difficult to
maintain. 2. The diet is usually used as a last resort in patients who failed essentially all
available medications.
Based on the medical literature, individuals with primary generalized seizure types tend to
respond better than those with complex partial seizures with or without secondary generalization.
What is a person allowed to eat on the Ketogenic Diet diet?
6. The ketogenic diet is a precisely prescribed diet. The classical ketogenic diet is calculated at a 4
to 1 ratio, which means it contains four times as much fat by weight as carbohydrate and protein
combined. It is important to know that a gram of fat produces more than twice the number of
calories produced by a gram of carbohydrate or protein. Therefore the amount of food prepared
for each ketogenic diet meal is a much smaller volume than a regular meal. In addition, the total
calorie intake is restricted to about three quarters of normal, making the volume appear even
less. The amount of calories and the ratio of fats to protein and carbohydrate for each meal are
calculated on a case by case basis. Calculations for each day’s meals are based on a participant’s
Continuum of Care ⬧ 2350 Alamo Avenue SE, Suite 155 ⬧ Albuquerque, NM 87106 ⬧ 505.925.2350 ⬧ Fax 505.925.2389 ⬧ hsc.unm.edu/som/coc
7. age, height, weight, and activity level. The calculations and menu plans for the ketogenic diet
require the expertise of a registered dietician who is familiar with the diet, and should never be
attempted by an unlicensed individual. The dietician makes every attempt to design the menus to
resemble the types of foods the participant normally eats, and likes. This is not completely
possible in all cases, especially if the participant’s favorite foods are almost exclusively made up
of foods high in carbohydrates.
The ketogenic diet alone is deficient in vitamins and calcium. Participants are, with few
exceptions, prescribed a calcium and vitamin supplement which they will need to take during
the time that they remain on the ketogenic diet.
How is a person begun on the Ketogenic Diet?
The diet is normally begun during a 3 to 5 day hospitalization. On the morning of admission we
ask the participant to skip breakfast, and begin the “Day 1 Ketogenic Diet Egg Nog or
Formula”. The day 1 egg nog is at one third of the recommended fat calorie intake targeted. On
day 2 the individual will be given egg nog with 2/3 the fat calorie intake targeted. On day 2 the
participants parent, guardian, or direct care staff member will be taught how to prepare a regular
ketogenic meal, which the participant will eat for lunch if they are handling the diet well to that
point. For individuals who are bottle or G-tube fed, the parent, guardian, or direct care staff
member will be taught how to mix the ketogenic diet formula. On the morning of day 3 the
participant should be to the full ketogenic diet meal or formula which they will remain on for the
two year duration. If they are continuing to do well, they are discharged around lunch time.
During the hospitalization, the participant has their blood sugar checked every six hours to watch
for hypoglycemia, and treat if indicated. We anticipate that as the body’s carbohydrate stores are
used up their blood sugar will drop to around 40. At this point, the body’s fat stores begin to be
metabolized, and the blood sugar levels go back up to the normal range. In addition, whenever
the participant urinates we check the urine for the presence of ketones, and check a specific
gravity. The specific gravity tells us how concentrated the urine is, and is a good indicator of
whether the participant is becoming dehydrated. In some individuals the high fat content of the
meals may lead to nausea, and refusal to eat or drink. This can become a bad situation as the
individual becomes ketotic as the subsequent ketosis can make the nausea even worse. The
nurses will place a heplock (a port for IV access) when the participant is admitted, so that if the
individual begins to show evidence of dehydration we can intervene before they are really sick.
Once the Ketogenic Diet is started, how long does it take to work?
The effectiveness of the Ketogenic Diet is variable from person to person. In some the response
is immediate once ketosis develops. In others the full effect may not be seen for up to 3 months
later. In most individuals, we can predict after one month if the diet is going to be helpful or not.
How long will my child remain on the diet?
The participant is kept on the full ketogenic diet prescription for 2 years. During the third year
the dietary ratio is gradually changed back to a normal diet.
When will the medications be stopped?
8. Continuum of Care ⬧ 2350 Alamo Avenue SE, Suite 155 ⬧ Albuquerque, NM 87106 ⬧ 505.925.2350 ⬧ Fax 505.925.2389 ⬧ hsc.unm.edu/som/coc
9. We don’t make any changes in the medications for the first month on the diet. This gives us time
to see if the diet is going to be helpful for the participant, and gives the care provider the chance
to develop a routine and become comfortable with preparing the meals. Once we can determine
as a group (MD, dietician, family, and participant) whether the diet should be continued, we will
begin to decrease one of the participant’s medications.
Does my child need to return to the clinic during the time I am on the diet?
We ask everyone to return to the clinic on a quarterly basis for evaluation of the status of their
seizure control, to perform blood testing, and to re-check their weight. We discuss with the
participant, family, or direct care staff if they have any specific questions.
The participant, family, or guardians have the right to request
discontinuation of the diet at any time during the course of
treatment.
Are there any side effects to the Ketogenic Diet?
Side effects to the ketogenic diet include:
1. Constipation: This is seen in almost everyone who is begun on the diet. We have
ways of combating the problem, so that it has never been a reason to discontinue the
diet.
2. Hypoglycemia: This can be a problem in children who are independent and active.
The family is taught the symptoms of hypoglycemia, and what to do if you suspect
the participant is hypoglycemic. If the participant becomes hypoglycemic frequently
the dietician should be contacted, to adjust the diet.
3. Hypercholesterolemia: The diet is very high in fat, and in some people, they are
unable to metabolize the fat efficiently and their lipid (cholesterol and triglyceride)
levels go up. We may recommend a mineral supplement, or attempt to adjust the
menus to lower the serum lipid levels. If the lipid levels do not return to an
acceptable level, the diet is discontinued.
4. Hyperacidosis: In some participants, if they become ill or overly active resulting in
dehydration, their ketones may become too high. In this situation, they may feel
nauseated and refuse to eat. They may have some vomiting associated. Treatment
would involve re-hydration. If the problem is recurrent, the diet may need to be
adjusted or Bicitra given.
5. Osteoporosis: The diet is known to provoke osteoporosis. Everyone who starts on the
diet is expected to take a vitamin and calcium supplement to lessen the severity of
this problem.
6. Kidney Stones: Many ketogenic diet programs around the country restrict fluid intake
for their participants. In New Mexico, we have chosen not to restrict fluids, and have
rarely experienced problems with participants developing kidney stones. However, if
an individual begins complaining of severe back pain, or difficulty with urination, or
blood in their urine, this should be considered. We may recommend Bicitra to try and
combat the problem, but if kidney stones recur, the diet may need to be discontinued.
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Continuum of Care ⬧ 2350 Alamo Avenue SE, Suite 155 ⬧ Albuquerque, NM 87106 ⬧ 505.925.2350 ⬧ Fax 505.925.2389 ⬧ hsc.unm.edu/som/coc
10. 7. Pancreatitis: The pancreas is an organ located in the back of the abdomen near the
kidneys. The pancreas primary responsibility is to break down fat. In some people,
the pancreas can not handle the increased fat of the ketogenic diet. In these instances,
the pancreas becomes swollen or inflamed and the entire gastrointestinal (GI) system
stops working. The patient experiences severe abdominal discomfort and the
abdomen is very tender to touch. Vomiting is often associated. In this situation, the
patient needs to been seen by medical personnel immediately for diagnosis and
treatment. If a person develops pancreatitis on the ketogenic diet, the diet is stopped
immediately, and is never attempted again. Pancreatitis can be fatal.
Summary:
Thank you for your interest in our program. If you choose to pursue the ketogenic diet as an
option for treatment, please contact us by calling:
Carla Fedor, RN (505) 925-2383
Alyse Drummond, LPN (505) 925-2386
Yvette Mascarenas, RD (505) 272-1091
Jennifer Vickers, MD (505) 272-3342
Continuum of Care ⬧ 2350 Alamo Avenue SE, Suite 155 ⬧ Albuquerque, NM 87106 ⬧ 505.925.2350 ⬧ Fax 505.925.2389 ⬧ hsc.unm.edu/som/coc