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J.F. Kennedy believed strongly in containing the spread of communism. He supported South Vietnam's President Diem and continued Dwight Eisenhower's policy of backing the South Vietnamese government against communist North Vietnam. Kennedy increased funding and the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to train the South Vietnamese Army to fight communism, though this broke agreements made in 1954. Kennedy viewed communism in Vietnam as a threat to broader Southeast Asian and global security.
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The document provides background on the Vietnam War. It discusses how Vietnam gained independence from France after World War 2, but was then divided into North and South Vietnam following the Geneva Accords in 1954. The US became increasingly involved to prevent the spread of communism in Southeast Asia. Despite US intervention, North Vietnam was able to reunify the country as a communist state after the fall of Saigon in 1975, ending the war.
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If elected to Congress in 1965, the speaker would have a difficult decision about whether to support sending U.S. troops to Vietnam. On one hand, involvement might help stop the spread of communism, but it could also result in thousands of American deaths. Congress had not declared war in Vietnam. The Tonkin Gulf Resolution gave President Johnson broad authority to respond militarily, but bypassing a formal declaration of war raised issues. Public opinion was increasingly opposed to the war following the Tet Offensive in 1968, which showed that enemy forces were still strong despite U.S. claims of progress.
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3. 1969-1973: Nixon's Vietnamization policy attempted to transition fighting to South Vietnamese forces and reduce US troops, culminating in the 1973 Paris Peace Accords. However, South Vietnam ultimately fell to communist forces in 1975.
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- The US followed a policy of neutrality and having little political connection with other nations to avoid alliances.
- By the late 19th century, the US emerged as an imperial power, gaining overseas territories in Asia, the Pacific, and Latin America. This was driven by both economic and nationalist reasons.
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Harry S. Truman was the 33rd president of the United States. He took office in 1945 after Franklin Roosevelt died. As president, Truman faced major decisions including dropping the atomic bombs on Japan to end WWII, starting NATO and the Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe, and fighting communism through policies like the Truman Doctrine. He won an unlikely reelection victory in 1948. During his second term, Truman sent troops to Korea and fired General MacArthur, faced accusations of communism from Senator McCarthy, and oversaw the rebuilding of the White House. After leaving office in 1953, Truman worked to establish his presidential library and later died in 1972.
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The United States became involved in Vietnam for several reasons: to support its ally France in fighting communism, to prevent the spread of communism according to the Domino Theory, and to defend an anti-communist South Vietnamese government. Despite aid from the US, France was defeated by Vietnamese independence forces at Dien Bien Phu in 1954. The US increased its involvement over the following decade through sending advisors to South Vietnam, and the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution of 1964 granted President Johnson broad war powers without a declaration of war, enabling the escalation of US troops in Vietnam.
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War began as a conflict between France and Vietnam in the 1950s, resulting in France withdrawing from Vietnam in 1954. This split Vietnam into communist North Vietnam, backed by the Soviet Union and China, and non-communist South Vietnam, backed by the United States. The US grew increasingly involved in the war to prevent the spread of communism in Southeast Asia. Despite massive US bombing campaigns and troop deployment, North Vietnam and the Viet Cong defeated South Vietnam and unified the country under communist rule in 1975. The Vietnam War was highly controversial in the US and resulted in over 58,000 American deaths.
Truman doctrine and containment
1. After WWII, the US and USSR emerged as rival superpowers competing for global influence, leading to tensions in Europe and the establishment of communist governments in Eastern Europe under Stalin.
2. In response, the US formulated the policy of containment to prevent the spread of communism and provided aid to Greece and Turkey through the Truman Doctrine, marking the beginning of the Cold War.
3. The Cold War escalated with the development of nuclear weapons by both sides and establishment of opposing military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
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The Vietnam War began as a conflict between Vietnam's nationalist movement led by Ho Chi Minh and the French colonial government. After the French were defeated in 1954, Vietnam was divided between a communist North backed by Ho Chi Minh and a non-communist South. Tensions rose as South Vietnam's leader Diem grew increasingly authoritarian and suppressed Buddhists. As the Viet Cong insurgency in the South expanded due to Diem's unpopularity, the US increased support for South Vietnam but struggled against guerrilla warfare. Despite withdrawing troops under Nixon, the US was unable to prevent a North Vietnamese victory and the reunification of Vietnam under communist rule in 1975.
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This document provides learning objectives and background information on the Vietnam War. It outlines the major events and policies from Eisenhower's containment policy to the fall of Saigon in 1975. Key points covered include the division of Vietnam in 1954, the escalation under Kennedy and Johnson, the Tet Offensive, Nixon's Vietnamization strategy, and the impact of the war on American society and politics.
John f kennedy
1) When Kennedy took office, the US economy was struggling but he helped build it back up through low interest rates and submitting the first $100 billion budget, raising GDP and consumer spending.
2) Kennedy signed an executive order establishing the President's Commission on the Status of Women and asked Congress to pass civil rights legislation requiring desegregation of public facilities and schools.
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What the video at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgW0o-Ui94k and answer the questions below based upon your understanding of the war and the content of the video.
1. Why did the French request assistance from the United States in Southeast Asia?
2. How is the Domino Theory related to the containment policy?
3. How did President Kennedy attempt to stop the expansion of communism into Vietnam?
4. After which event did President Johnson dramatically increase the number of US troops deployed to Vietnam?
a. Why do historians call into questions President Johnson’s justification for sending more troops to Vietman?
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The Cold War in Vietnam
Vietnam Before US Intervention Previous
Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia had been a French colony since the late 19th century. During World War II, however, Japan occupied French Indochina. After Japan's defeat, France tried to re-establish control, but met opposition from the Viet Minh.
After World War II, neither France nor England wanted to see the end of their colonial empires. England was anxious to control Burma, Malaya, and India. France wanted to rule Indochina. Under Franklin Roosevelt, the United States sought to bring an end to European colonialism. As he put it, condescendingly: “There are 1.1 billion brown people. In many Eastern countries they are ruled by a handful of whites and they resent it. Our goal must be to help them achieve independence. 1.1 billion potential enemies are dangerous.”
But under Harry Truman, the United States was concerned about its naval and air bases in Asia. The U.S. decided to permit France into Indochina to re-assert its authority in Southeast Asia. The result: the French Indochina War began.
From the beginning, American intelligence officers knew that France would find it difficult to re-assert its authority in Indochina. The French refused to listen to American intelligence. To them, the idea of Asian rebels standing up to a powerful Western nation was preposterous.
Although Truman allowed the French to return to Indochina, he was not yet prepared to give the French arms, transportation, and economic assistance. It was not until anti-communism became a major issue that the United States would take an active role supporting the French. The fall of China, the Korean War, and the coming of Joe McCarthy would lead policymakers to see the French War in Vietnam, not as a colonial war, but as a war against international communism.
Beginning in 1950, the United States started to underwrite the French war effort. For four years, the United State.
Vietnam War
This document provides background information on the Vietnam War. It describes how the US became involved to prevent the spread of communism under the Truman Doctrine. It discusses key events like the Tet Offensive and the Kent State protests against the war. The war ended in 1975 with South Vietnam falling to communist forces from the North.
There are two discussions I need to respond too. 100 words for both .docx
There are two discussions I need to respond too. 100 words for both discussions. Needs to be done right away.
Discussion 1:
Former President Lyndon B. Johnson presented “The Great Society” speech. In this speech, Johnson declared war on poverty and racism. This legislation included laws upholding civil rights, public broadcasting, Medicare, Medicaid, environmental protection, aid to education, and the abolition of poverty. I will argue that that when he signed the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968 outlawing most forms of racial segregation and providing equal housing opportunities regardless of race, creed, or national origin, and passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawing discrimination in voting was his greatest accomplishment during his presidency. In my opinion, The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and 1968 gave black people back their dignity, pride, and in sense their freedom. Black people felt that they were now a part of America.
LBJ also appointed Thurgood Marshall as the first African American justice on the Supreme Court Signed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and Higher Education Act to improve funding to schools, especially those in poor districts. Established the National Endowment for the Humanities and the National Endowment for the Arts to support humanists and artists and created programs to tackle poverty such as Head Start, food stamps, Work Study, Medicare, and Medicaid. I will say this his gun control policy act was one of his greatest mistakes domestically because it interfered with the 2
nd
amendment the right to bear arms. He came up with the policy to lessen gun violence after Kennedy was assassinated, but the problem was that he outlawed a great amount of weaponry, allowing only guns for sporting purposes. Another thing, this policy was not well thought out, it went through many different phases of revision because the simple fact is that was incomplete. I think because he was close to JFK and that he witnessed his assassination that his emotions maybe overpowered his decision professionally in regards to the gun control policy.
Despite of the accomplishments that Johnson made domestically, the Vietnam War overshadowed his domestic affairs. Which is so messed up when you think about because LBJ did not initiate the American involvement in Vietnam. Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy were the ones who made it so the U.S. would and could intervene. However, LBJ made the decision to Americanize the conflict in Vietnam. Despite promises to bring a swift end to American involvement in Indochina, Johnson steadily increased the number of U.S. troops deployed to Vietnam, hoping to ensure a U.S. victory before withdrawing forces. No American president had yet "lost" a war, and Johnson hoped he wouldn't be the first. By the end of his second term as president, his approval rates had plummeted and his hopes for bringing an end to the war in Vietnam had dissolved. In my opinion, LBJ had the opportunity to have a great .
The vietnam war (4)
The Vietnam War caused immense loss of life and deeply divided American society. Over 50,000 US troops and millions of Vietnamese and Cambodians were killed in the long and unsuccessful US effort to contain communism in Southeast Asia. Growing public opposition led to major protests and political upheaval in the US. Ultimately, the US withdrew and South Vietnam fell to a North Vietnamese communist government in 1975. The war left a legacy of distrust in government and trauma for many veterans.
Us Foreign Policy after 1945
Here are some possible past exam questions related to factors that influenced US foreign policy in Vietnam:
- Analyze how public opinion in the US influenced decision-making regarding the Vietnam War between 1964-1968. (2012)
- "The military-industrial complex was the main driving force behind continued US escalation in Vietnam." Critically evaluate this view. (2015)
- To what extent did geopolitical concerns, such as the domino theory, shape John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson's policies towards Vietnam in the period 1961-1968? (2017)
- Compare and contrast the influence of the Pentagon and the State Department on US foreign policy decision-making regarding Vietnam under the presidencies
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