9. pembangunan produk baharu & kitaran hayat produkyunnach
cara firma mencari dan membangunkan idea produk baru; langkah-langkah dalam proses pembangunan produk baru; tahap-tahap dalam kitaran hayat produk & strategi pemasaran yang sesuai dengan tahap-tahap kitaran hayat produk.
9. pembangunan produk baharu & kitaran hayat produkyunnach
cara firma mencari dan membangunkan idea produk baru; langkah-langkah dalam proses pembangunan produk baru; tahap-tahap dalam kitaran hayat produk & strategi pemasaran yang sesuai dengan tahap-tahap kitaran hayat produk.
Contoh Soalan Berdasarkan Aras Taksonomi BloomAiisy Afifah
Berikut adalah contoh soalan berdasarkan aras Taksonomi Bloom, Tajuk yang dipilih adalah Masjid Destinasiku, contoh soalan dibuat adalah berdasarkan aras Taksonomi Bloom. Tajuk Adab dan Akhlak Pendidikan Islam Tingkatan 1
(KPD 3016 KAEDAH PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN 1)
On 3 August 2023, the Clinical Research Centre Hospital Kuala Lumpur (CRC HKL) hosted their 6th Hospital Kuala Lumpur Research Day 2023 at the HKL Main Auditorium. This book comprises all of the accepted abstracts for oral and poster presentations.
The COVID-19 global pandemic has caused huge disruption to health system. These findings aim to highlight the immediate and long-term impact of the COVID-19 breakdown on palliative care services at the national level and the institutional level, and suggest lessons for future outbreaks.
Contoh Soalan Berdasarkan Aras Taksonomi BloomAiisy Afifah
Berikut adalah contoh soalan berdasarkan aras Taksonomi Bloom, Tajuk yang dipilih adalah Masjid Destinasiku, contoh soalan dibuat adalah berdasarkan aras Taksonomi Bloom. Tajuk Adab dan Akhlak Pendidikan Islam Tingkatan 1
(KPD 3016 KAEDAH PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN 1)
On 3 August 2023, the Clinical Research Centre Hospital Kuala Lumpur (CRC HKL) hosted their 6th Hospital Kuala Lumpur Research Day 2023 at the HKL Main Auditorium. This book comprises all of the accepted abstracts for oral and poster presentations.
The COVID-19 global pandemic has caused huge disruption to health system. These findings aim to highlight the immediate and long-term impact of the COVID-19 breakdown on palliative care services at the national level and the institutional level, and suggest lessons for future outbreaks.
Presented in NIH's CME on 25 May 2023.
Recording is available on Podcast and YouTube at
https://www.podpage.com/clinical-updates-in-covid-19/use-of-artificial-intelligence-drmata-system-for-the-detection-and-intervention-of-diabetic-retinopathy/
https://www.youtube.com/live/pvhV_UBeBQA?feature=share
Introducing the Clinical Research Centre (CRC) Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, Kangar, Perlis. A brief history, as well as an introduction to the scientific activities and accomplishments of CRC Hospital Tuanku Fauziah's health care providers.
Melaka Research Day 2023
Benefitting Society by Translating Research into Practice
Date: 9 May 2023
Venue: Auditorium MITC, Melaka
Co-organised by Melaka State Health Department, Melaka Hospital and Clinical Research Centre (CRC) Hospital Melaka, Clinical Research Malaysia, Pertubuhan Pendidikan Perubatan Lepasan Ijazah Hospital Melaka.
Dr Aziz Amir from CRC HKL was named 2nd runner up in the Pertandingan Menulis Nota Hati competition, which was organised by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Malaysia & Perpustakaan Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia.
Congratulations, Dr Aziz!
The Orang Asli, although a minority in the Peninsula of Malaysia, are the original people of our land. It is often extremely difficult to reach some Orang Asli communities. Hence, the Flying Doctor Service is extremely important. Only helicopters can reach remote locations and meet the needs of these wonderful people. A service like the Flying Doctor Service that reaches the ‘unreached’ community is essential and a Lifeline to our Orang Asli people.
Produced by:
Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital, Jalan Tun Ahmad Zaidi Adruce, 93586, Kuching, Sarawak | Phone: 082-276820 / 082-276666 ext 1074 / 1075 | Fax: 082-276823 | E-mail: leelen.crc@gmail.com, ireneg.crc@gmail.com | To contribute (news & event, publication, article of interest, etc), please call us or email to leelen.crc@gmail.com or ireneg.crc@gmail.com
For more information please visit our website. http://www.crc.gov.my/crcSarawak/
The mental health of children and adolescents aged 0–18 years is one of the most neglected health issues globally. To address the mental health and psychosocial well-being of children and adolescents, there is a need for a holistic and tiered approach to MHPSS. This report documents the application of the conceptual framework in Malaysia and provides country specific recommendations for strengthening the provision of MHPSS for children and adolescents.
Hand, foot and mouth disease #HFMD, and #monkeypox are virus infections presenting with different types of vesicular lesions and clinical course. This document provided a quick explanation of the differences between hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and Monkeypox.
MYLONGCOVID Study Brief and FAQ
The Malaysian Ministry of Health is doing a study to find out more about COVID-19's long-term effects on human bodies.
People who are eligible will receive notifications via SMS and the MySejahtera app.
Pengenalan dan soalam lazim
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia sedang membuat kajian untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang kesan jangka panjang COVID-19 terhadap tubuh manusia.
Orang yang layak akan menerima pemberitahuan melalui SMS dan aplikasi MySejahtera.
This guideline provides organised and systematic information on research procedures and requirements as well as research framework and principles that can comprehensively guide the researchers on the conduct of research in the Ministry of Health (MOH) facilities and institutions.
NIH Guidelines for Conducting Research in Ministry of Health Institutions & Facilities, 3rd Edition (2021). National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia.
ISBN: 978-967-5340-30-7
This bulletin is a publication of the CRC networks in Perak (Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun Ipoh, Hospital Seri Manjung and Hospital Taiping).
This issue emcompasses various research articles written by CRC staff, a research scope write-up to emphasize on the research focus this coming year, programmes conducted in 2021 as well as upcoming events across the CRC Perak Network this year.
(e-ISSN Number: 2682-7867).
More from Institute for Clinical Research (ICR) (20)
2. Pengenalan
Program Imunisasi COVID-19 Kebangsaan (PICK)
21 September 2021
Jumlah dos: 40.9 juta Jumlah dos lengkap: 18.7 juta
80.2% penduduk dewasa dan 57.5% populasi lengkap vaksinasi
3. Vaksin COVID-19 – Key Points
• Diluluskan NPRA – Selamat, Berkualiti, Berkesan
• Keupayaan untuk mengurangkan jangkitan, risiko
penyakit teruk dan kematian akibat COVID-19
• Keberkesanan vaksin dalam kumpulan yang berbeza
8. • RECoVaM (The Real-World Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccines
under the Malaysia National COVID-19 Immunisation Program)
• Menilai keberkesanan vaksin-vaksin COVID-19 di bawah PICK
1. Institut Penyelidikan Klinikal (ICR), Institut Kesihatan Negara
(NIH) KKM
2. Badan Bertindak Imunisasi COVID-19 (CITF)
Kajian Keberkesanan
NMRR ID: 21-1660-60697
9. Screening method Kohort
1 2
Perbezaan di antara kadar penerima dos
lengkap (fully vaccinated) dikalangan
pesakit COVID-19 dan kadar penerima
dos lengkap di kalangan populasi
Kohort retrospektif di kalangan
pesakit COVID-19
Pengurangan %
i. risiko kemasukkan ke unit
rawatan rapi (ICU)
ii. kematian
Pengurangan %
i. risiko jangkitan
ii. jangkitan bergejala
Sumber: World Health Organisation, W.H.O, Evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness Interim Guidance (2021), Orenstein et al (1985), Araki et al (2016),
Cohen et al (2012), Remschmidt et al (2015), Hak et al (2002), RECoVaM
Kaedah kajian keberkesanan vaksin
10. Dewasa 18 tahun dan ke atas; 1 Apr-12 Sep 2021
Data
Gabungan
Na
Senarai Kes COVID-
19 Kebangsaan
Senarai
vaksinasi
COVID-19
Kebangsaan
Senarai
kemasukan
ICU
kebangsaan
Rekod
kematian
COVID-19
kebangsaan
‘Logistic regression’
mengambil kira faktor
✓ jantina
✓ kewarganegaraan
✓ umur,
✓ komorbiditi,
✓ gejala,
✓ faktor spesifik bagi masa
dan negeri
Penggunaan kaedah ‘deterministic
linkage’ menggunakan kad pengenalan
dan nombor kes
11. Tafsiran Dos Lengkap & Dos Separa
a. Dos lengkap
14 hari selepas dos kedua (fully vaccinated)
b. Dos separa
tempoh antara dos pertama sehingga 14 hari selepas dos
kedua (partially vaccinated)
12. Jumlah populasi kajian: 1,261,270
Jangkitan dan jangkitan bergejala
1
Jangkitan
• Keberkesanan vaksin secara
keseluruhan dalam
mengurangkan risiko jangkitan
adalah 88% (86% – 90%)
• Keberkesanan dos separa lengkap
adalah 51% (49% – 53%)
Jangkitan bergejala
• Keberkesanan vaksin secara
keseluruhan dalam mengurangkan
risiko jangkitan bergejala adalah
86% (84% – 88%)
• Keberkesanan dos separa lengkap
adalah 35% (33% – 37%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Infection:
Partially Vaccinated
Infection:
Fully Vaccinated
Symptomatic:
Partially Vaccinated
Symptomatic:
Fully Vaccinated
49 to 53%
86 to 90%
33 to 37%
84 to 88%
13. Kemasukan ke unit rawatan rapi (ICU)
2
Kemasukan ICU
• Keberkesanan vaksin
dalam mengurangkan
kemasukan ke ICU
adalah 83% (82% –
84%) dikalangan
pesakit COVID-19
• Keberkesanan dos
separa lengkap adalah
38% (36% – 41%)
Jumlah populasi kajian: 1,261,270
0
20
40
60
80
100
Overall:
Partially
Vaccinated
Overall:
Fully
Vaccinated
AstraZeneca:
Partially
Vaccinated
AstraZeneca:
Fully
Vaccinated
Pfizer:
Partially
Vaccinated
Pfizer:
Fully
Vaccinated
Sinovac:
Partially
Vaccinated
Sinovac:
Fully
Vaccinated
36 to 41%
82 to 84%
60 to 68%
91 to 99%
38 to 45%
91 to 94%
24 to 31%
75 to 79%
18. Kes jangkitan COVID-19 dikalangan penerima dos lengkap
(Breakthrough infection)
Breakthrough infection
• Kadar keseluruhan breakthrough
infection adalah 1.30 (1.30 - 1.31)
diantara 100 orang
• Separuh daripada kesemua
breakthrough infection
berlaku dalam tempoh
30 (IQR: 13 – 55) hari
• Kadar breakthrough infection
meningkat dengan peningkatan hari
sejak penerimaan dos lengkap vaksin
• Kadar jangkitan adalah 5.20% -
5.32% dalam tempoh 120 hari
selepas dos lengkap
Jumlah populasi kajian: 14,500,984 individu lengkap dos
19. Kemasukan ke ICU
• Kadar keseluruhan kemasukan ke ICU
adalah 0.0066% (0.0062% - 0.0070%)
dikalangan penerima dos lengkap
• Dikalangan pesakit yang dimasukkan ke
ICU, 50.4% adalah 60 tahun ke atas dan
88.6% mempunyai komorbid
Vaksin
Jumlah dos
lengkap
Bil. Kemasukan
ke ICU
Kadar
AstraZeneca 744,958 7 0.001%
Pfizer 6,530,943 147 0.002%
Sinovac 7,223,897 799 0.011%
Jumlah 14,500,984 953 0.0066%
Kematian
• Kadar keseluruhan kematian adalah
0.010% (0.0095% - 0.0105%)
dikalangan penerima dos lengkap
• Dikalangan yang mati, 76.3% adalah
60 tahun keatas dan 92.0% mempunyai
komorbid
Breakthrough infection:
Kemasukan ke ICU dan kematian
Jumlah populasi kajian: 14,500,984
Vaksin
Jumlah dos
lengkap
Bil. Kematian Kadar
AstraZeneca 744,958 14 0.002%
Pfizer 6,530,943 323 0.005%
Sinovac 7,223,897 1,108 0.015%
Total 14,500,984 1,445 0.010%
20. Kesimpulan keberkesanan vaksin
• Sehingga 12 September 2021
• Dikalangan pesakit COVID-19
Vaksinasi lengkap dapat mengurangkan
risiko kemasukan ke unit rawatan rapi (ICU) sebanyak 83%
risiko kematian sebanyak 88%
Vaksinasi lengkap dapat mengurangkan
- 1 kemasukan ke ICU untuk setiap 67 orang yang dijangkiti COVID-19
- 1 kematian untuk setiap 97 orang yang dijangkiti COVID-19
21. Unvaccinated and Delta
• Covid-19: Unvaccinated face 11 times risk of death from delta
variant
BMJ 2021; 374 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2282 (Published 16
September 2021) BMJ 2021;374:n2282
22. Kesimpulan keberkesanan vaksin
• Penyelidikan dan penilaian keberkesanan vaksin adalah suatu proses yang
dinamik dan berterusan
• Secara keseluruhan, vaksin-vaksin yang diberikan dibawah PICK adalah
berkesan dalam mencegah dan mengurangkan penyakit teruk dan
kematian di kalangan pesakit COVID-19.
• Vaksin COVID-19 PICK berkesan dalam mengurangkan beban dalam
sistem kesihatan
23. • Dr Tng Boon Hwa
• Suah Jing Lian
• Thevesh Thevananthan
• Dr Maheshwara Rao
Appannan
• Datin Dr Sheamini
Sivasampu
• Ong Su Miin
• Dr Masliyana Husin
• Dr Peter Tok Seah Keng
Anggota pasukan yang terlibat dalam analisa data: