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1. The Indian Police Service (Devanāgarī:, Bhāratīya Pulis Sevā), simply known as Indian Police or IPS, is
one of the three All India Services of the Government of India.[4] In 1948, a year after India gained
independence from Britain, the Imperial Police (IP) was replaced by the Indian Police Service. The IPS is
not a law enforcement agency in its own right; rather it is the body to which all senior police officers
belong regardless of the agency for whom they work.
Objectives
The First Police Commission, appointed on 17 August 1865, contained detailed guidelines for
the desired system of police in India and defined police as a governmental department to
maintain order, enforce the law, and prevent and detect crime. The Indian Police Service is not a
force itself but a service providing leaders and commanders to staff the state police and all-India
Para-Military Forces. Its members, who are all at least university graduates, are the senior
officers of the police. With the passage of time Indian Police Service's objectives were updated
and redefined, the roles and functions of an Indian Police Service Officer are as follows:[5]
 To fulfill duties based on broader responsibilities, in the areas of maintenance of public peace
and order, crime prevention, investigation, and detection, collection of intelligence, VIP security,
counter-terrorism, border policing, railway policing, tackling smuggling, drug trafficking,
economic offences, corruption in public life, disaster management, enforcement of socio-
economic legislation, bio-diversity and protection of environmental laws etc.
Armored vehicles and personnel of the Mumbai Police Force.

2. Greater Chennai Police patrol car.
 Leading and commanding the Indian Intelligence Agencies like Research and Analysis Wing
(R&AW), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Central Bureau of Investigations (CBI), Crime Investigation
Department (CID) etc., Indian Federal Law Enforcement Agencies, Civil and Armed Police Forces
in all the states and union territories.
 Leading and commanding the Para-Military Forces of India (PMF) which include the Central
Police Organisations (CPO) and Central Paramilitary Forces (CPF) such as Border Security Force
(BSF), Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), National Security
Guard (NSG), Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), Vigilance Organisations, Indian Federal Law
Enforcement Agencies.
 Serve at head of the departments in policy making in the Ministries and Departments of Central
and State Governments and public sector undertakings both at centre and states, Government
of India.
 To interact and coordinate closely with the members of other All India Services and Central Civil
Services and also with the Indian Armed Forces primarily with the elite Indian Army.
 Last but not the least, to lead and command the force with courage, uprightness, dedication and
a strong sense of service to the people.
 Endeavour to inculcate in the police forces under their command such values and norms as
would help them serve the people better.
 Inculcate integrity of the highest order, sensitivity to aspirations of people in a fast-changing
social and economic milieu, respect for human rights, broad liberal perspective of law and
justice and high standard of professionalism.
[ ] History
Much before the Independence, superior police officers belonging to the Imperial Police (IP)
were appointed by the Secretary of State on the basis of competitive examination. The very first
open civil service examination for the service was held in England in June, 1893 and the top ten
candidates were appointed as probationers of the Indian (Imperial) Police. However, it is not
possible to pinpoint a date on which it could positively be claimed that the Indian Police came
into being. In around 1907, the Secretary of State’s officers were directed to wear the letters "IP"
on their epaulettes to distinguish them from the other officers not recruited by the Secretary of
State. In this sense, 1907 could be regarded as the starting point for the Indian Police.[1]
[ ] Reforms ordered by the Supreme Court (1996-2006)
Prakash Singh, one of the former Director Generals of Police of the states of Assam and
subsequently Uttar Pradesh and finally Director General of the Border Security Force, initiated a

3. Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court of India, asking the court to investigate
measures to reform the police forces across India to ensure the proper rule of law and improve
security across India.[6]
Several measures were identified as necessary to professionalize the police in India:
 A mid or high ranking police officer must not be transferred more frequently than every two
years.
 The state government cannot ask the police force to hire someone, nor can they choose the
Chief Commissioner.
 There must be separate departments and staff for investigation and patrolling.
Three new authorities will be created in each state, to prevent political interference in the police
and also to make the police accountable for their heavy-handedness,[7] which will include the
creation of:
 A State Security Commission for policies and direction
 A Police Establishment Board, which will decide the selection, promotions and transfers of
police officers and other staff
 A Police Complaints Authority, to inquire into allegations of police misconduct.
In 2006, due to a lack of action by all the state governments in India, the Supreme Court of India
ordered the state governments to report to it why the reform measures outlined were not
implemented.[8] After being questioned in front of the judges of the Supreme Court of India, the
state governments are finally starting to reform the police forces and give them the operational
independence they need for fearless and proper law enforcement.[9]
[ ] Cadre strength
The authorized cadre strength of Indian Police Service is 4720. (3270 Direct Recruitment Posts
and 1450 Promotional Posts).[10]
[ ] Examination and Training
National Police Memorial New Delhi

4. To serve in the IPS one has to be elevated from the state cadre or top the rigorous Civil Services
Examination conducted by Union Public Service Commission every year which is a common
examination for selection to All India Services, including various other Group A and Group B
services of Central Government.[11]
Civil Services Examination has a three stage competitive selection process. At stage one, there is
an objective type examination called the preliminary exam. This is a qualifying examination. It
consists of General Studies & aptitude test. Only the candidates who clear this, can appear for the
next stage called the Main examination which consists of nine papers. Each candidate has to
select two optional subjects, apart from which all candidates have to take a General Studies,
Essay and compulsory language paper and English paper. This is followed by an interview.
After selection for the IPS, candidates are allocated their Cadres. There is one cadre in each
Indian state, except for three joint cadres: Assam-Meghalaya, Manipur-Tripura, and Arunachal
Pradesh-Goa-Mizoram-Union Territories (AGMUT). As per Indian Constitution 2/3 of the
strength of every cadre is filled by direct IPS officers and rest 1/3 is elevated from respectve state
cadre officers. Each state and union territory of India has a state police force, headed by the
Commissioner of Police (State) or Director General of Police (DGP). It is controlled by the Chief
Minister and Home Minister of the state/union territory. The state police is responsible for
maintaining law and order in townships of the state and the rural areas. States such as Tamil
Nadu and Maharashtra have taken steps to get their police force trained by advanced police
training schools notably the Atlanta City Police of the USA. The Tamil Nadu state police is at
the forefront of advancement with the Tamil Nadu Police Academy, which now seeks university
status. The advanced training that the Tamil Nadu Police undergo vary from fraud investigation
to advanced patrol training. This training when completed will make the Tamil Nadu Police one
of the most advanced police forces in India. City Police Services on the other hand are known for
their one lesson fits all attitude. The Indian Police Forces have been trying to secure better
training and capabilities for their personnel, but with indifferent success due to a cumbrous
bureaucracy.
[ ] Designations & Pay scales
IPS officers pay scales, according to the Sixth Central Pay Commission[12]:
Equivalent Position or
Pay
Position In The State Designation In the State
Grade Band[clarification
Government(s) needed] Government(s) or Government Of
India (GOI)
Director General of Police - Only
80,000 (fixed) one cadre post, all other DGPs are
Above Super Time Commissioner of Police
plus grade pay- in HAG + scale of Rs 75,500-
Scale (Apex Scale) (State)
Nil 80,000, Director (GOI), Director
General (GOI), Secretary (R)

5. Cabinet Secretariat (GOI)
Additional Director General of
Police, Commissioner of Police
Above Super Time
Special Commissioner of 67,000- (City), Special or Additional
Scale (HAG)(Pay-
Police 79,000 Director (GOI), Special or
Band-4)
Additional Secretary (R) Cabinet
Secretariat (GOI)
37,400- Inspector General of Police,
Super Time Scale
Joint Commissioner of 67,000 plus Commissioner of Police (City),
(Senior Administrative
Police grade pay of Joint Secretary if empanelled as
Grade)(Pay-Band-4)
10,000 such (R) Cabinet Secretariat (GOI)
37,400- Deputy Inspector General of
Super Time Scale
Additional Commissioner 67,000 plus Police, Commissioner of Police
(DIG/Conservator
of Police grade pay of (City), Director (R) Cabinet
Grade)(Pay-Band-4)
8900 Secretariat (GOI)
15,600-
Deputy Commissioner of Senior Superintendent of Police,
Selection Grade(Pay- 39,100 plus
Police if in the Selection Director (R) Cabinet Secretariat
Band-4) grade Pay of
Grade (GOI)
8700
Deputy Commissioner of
15,600-
Police, also designated as Superintendent of Police, Deputy
Junior Administrative 39,100 plus
Senior Superintendent in Secretary (R) Cabinet Secretariat
Grade(Pay-Band-3) grade pay of
certain States such as UP (GOI)
7600
and Punjab
15,600-
Deputy Commissioner of
Senior Time Scale 39,100 plus Additional Superintendent of
Police / Additional Deputy
(Pay-Band-3) grade pay of Police - if placed as such
Commissioner of Police
6600
15,600-
Deputy Superintendent of Police,
Junior Time Scale(Pay- Assistant Commissioner of 39,100 plus
Circle Officer, Senior Field Officer
Band-3) Police grade pay of
(R) Cabinet Secretariat (GOI)
5400

6. Ranks of the IPS
d all State Police Services officers of and above the rank of Assistant Commissioner of Police
(ACP) or Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) in State Police and Metropolitan Police forces
respectively.[13]
 National Emblem above One star above Crossed Sword and Baton[14] (same insignia as a General
in the Indian Army)
 Director, Intelligence Bureau (Government of India)
 CBDT chairman
 National Emblem above Crossed Sword and Baton (same insignia as a Lieutenant-General in the
Indian Army)
 Commissioners of Police (State) or Director Generals of Police, States and territories of
India
 Director Generals, Indian Intelligence agencies (Government of India)
 Director Generals, Indian Federal law enforcement agencies (Government of India)
 Director Generals, Paramilitary forces of India (Government of India)
 Secretary(ies) (R), Cabinet Secretariat, (Government of India)
 Special Commissioners of Police or Additional Director Generals of Police, States and
territories of India
 Special or Additional Director Generals, Indian Intelligence agencies (Government of
India)
 Special or Additional Director Generals, Indian Federal law enforcement agencies
(Government of India)
 Special or Additional Director Generals, Paramilitary forces of India (Government of
India)
 Special or Additional Secretar(ies) (R), Cabinet Secretariat (Government of India)
 Chief Commissioner of Income Tax
 One Star above Crossed Sword and Baton (same insignia as a Major-General in the Indian Army)
 Joint Commissioners of Police or Inspector-Generals of Police, States and territories of
India
 Joint Directors or Inspector-Generals, Indian Intelligence agencies (Government of India)
 Joint Directors or Inspector-Generals, Indian Federal law enforcement agencies
(Government of India)
 Joint Directors or Inspector-Generals, Paramilitary forces of India (Government of India)
 Joint Secretar(ies) (R), Cabinet Secretariat, (Government of India)
 Commissioner of Income Tax
 National Emblem above three Stars in a triangle (same insignia as a Brigadier in the Indian Army)
 Additional Commissioners of Police or Deputy Inspector Generals of Police, States and
territories of India

7.  Directors or Deputy Inspector-Generals, Indian Intelligence agencies (Government of
India)
 Directors or Deputy Inspector-Generals, Indian Federal law enforcement agencies
(Government of India)
 Directors or Deputy Inspector-Generals, Paramilitary forces of India (Government of
India)
 Director(s) (R), Cabinet Secretariat, (Government of India)
 Additonal Commissioner of Income Tax
 National Emblem above two Stars (same insignia as a Colonel in the Indian Army)
 Deputy Commissioner of Police (Selection grade) or Senior Superintendent of Police in
selection grade with 13+ years of service (IPS officers posted in insurgency infested
states such as J&K also wear this rank before 13 years of service to facilitate
coordination and interaction with Commanding Officers of paramilitary and the Indian
Army though technically it is illegal)[1]
 Deputy Secretary(ies) (R), Cabinet Secretariat, (Government of India)
 Other officers above selection grade
 Joint Commissioner of Income Tax
 National Emblem above one Star (same insignia as a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Indian Army)
 Deputy Commissioner of Police or Superintendent of Police
 Under Secretary(ies) (R), Cabinet Secretariat, (Government of India)
 Commandant of Battalion
 Other officer on Junior Administrative Grade with between 9 and 13 years service
 Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax
 National Emblem (same insignia as a Major in the Indian Army)
 Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police or Additional Superintendent of Police
 Other officers on senior time scale with 9 years service or less
 Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax
 Three Stars (same insignia as a Captain in the Indian Army)
 Assistant Commissioner of Police or Deputy Superintendent of Police
 Circle Officer (CO) in the states of Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh
 Sub-Divisional Police Officer (SDPO)
 Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax
 Two Stars (same insignia as a Lieutenant in the Indian Army)
 Assistant Superintendent of Police
 Indian Police Service officer probationary rank with 2 years of service
 Income Tax Officer(ITO)

8.  One Star (same insignia as a Second Lieutenant[note 1] in the Indian Army)
 Assistant Superintendent of Police
 Indian Police Service officer probationary rank with 1 year of service
Insignia of the IPS
The Indian Police Service (IPS) uses military insignia on its shoulder flashes, similar to United
Kingdom police forces.
Indian Police Service Officer Rank Insignia
Insign
ia
Additi Additio
onal nal Assista Assista
Commi Joint Deputy Assista
Commi Deputy Deputy nt nt
Direc ssione Commi Commi nt
ssione Commi Commi Commi Superin
tor of r of ssione ssioner Superin
r of ssioner ssioner ssioner tenden
Intelli Police r of of tenden
Police of of of t of
genc (State) Police Police t of
or Police Police Police Police
Rank e or or or Police
Deput or or or (Probat
Bure Direct Inspec Senior (Probat
y Superin Additio Deputy ionary
au or tor Superin ionary
Inspec tenden nal Superin Rank: 2
(GOI) Gener Gener tenden Rank: 1
tor t of Superin tenden years
¹ al of al of t of year of
Gener Police tenden t of of
Police² Police Police service)
al of t of Police service)
Police Police
Abbre ADL.C ADL.DC
CP or JCP or DCP or DCP or ACP or ASST.S ASST.S
viatio DIB P or P or
DGP IGP SSP SP DSP P P
n DIG ASP

9.  ¹ Although DIB is a 4 star post and not a rank, it's given to the senior most IPS officer in
Intelligence Bureau.
 ² Rank insignia of CP/DGP is similar to Spl.CP/ADGP (not shown above).
 Note: Commissioner of Police designation can only be used by ADL.CP/DIG, JCP/IGP and
CP/DGP, where the latter is called Commissioner of Police (State) and the former ones
Commissioner of Police (City).