Karyotype studying allows doctors to identify genetic variations that can help with diagnosis. Shorter telomeres were found in adults who had more infections as children, possibly due to increased immune cell division. Cancer cells often have irregular chromosome numbers (aneuploidy), which may dampen the immune response to tumors by affecting gene expression. Understanding a patient's karyotype provides insight into factors that influence processes like aging, immunity, and disease treatment responses to personalize care.

1. KARYOTYPE: THE MOLECULES THAT DEFINE YOU
BY: ALEJANDRO HERNÁNDEZ MARTÍNEZ
MED. STUDENT

4. INTRODUCTION:
WHAT YOUR CHROMOSOMES
SAY ABOUT YOU
Karyotype
studying allows
doctors identify
genetic
variations.
Some variations
are associated
with pathologies
so it can help
with some
diagnosis

5. 'Protective' DNA strands are shorter in
adults who had more infections as infants
University of Washington
January 25, 2017
Telomeres are important
in order to allow DNA
replication without
damaging

6. 'PROTECTIVE' DNA STRANDS ARE SHORTER
IN ADULTS WHO HAD MORE INFECTIONS AS
INFANTS
As Telomeres get
shorter after each
cell cycle, cell
division capacity can
be affected by their
length
Image Source: alevelnotes.com

7. 'PROTECTIVE' DNA STRANDS ARE SHORTER
IN ADULTS WHO HAD MORE INFECTIONS AS
INFANTS
Researchers correlated
telomeres length with
number of infections as kids
more infections = shorter
telomeres
Image Source: onegoodthingbyjillee.com

8. 'PROTECTIVE' DNA STRANDS ARE SHORTER
IN ADULTS WHO HAD MORE INFECTIONS AS
INFANTS
Scientists think the
shortening of telomeres may
be explained by increased
cell division during immune
response, but shorter
telomeres by birth is also a
theory
Image Source: wefollowpics.com

9. 'PROTECTIVE' DNA STRANDS ARE SHORTER
IN ADULTS WHO HAD MORE INFECTIONS AS
INFANTS - STUDENT’S OBSERVATIONS
Image Source: twitter.com
Epigenetic is an
important field of
research, as it may hold the
key to preventing diseases
and improving life
expectancy

10. Jumbled chromosomes may dampen the
immune response to tumors
American Association for the
Advancement of Science
January 19, 2017
Aneuploidy is when a
cell has an unusual
number of
chromosomes

11. JUMBLED CHROMOSOMES MAY DAMPEN
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO TUMORS
Cancer cells tend to be very
different from one another
due to differences in their
karyotype or genetic
organization
Image Source: joseph-birch.livejournal.com

12. JUMBLED CHROMOSOMES MAY DAMPEN
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO TUMORS
DNA organization may
affect some gene’s
expression, meaning the
cells can react differently to
certain factors
Image Source: zunal.com

13. JUMBLED CHROMOSOMES MAY DAMPEN
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO TUMORS
Those cells with an
“aneuploid” karyotype
have less response to
immunotherapy due to
gene expression
Image Source: healthmj.com

14. JUMBLED CHROMOSOMES MAY DAMPEN
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO TUMORS -
STUDENT’S OBSERVATIONS
Image Source: lucianocomida.blog.kataweb.it
Studying a certain
cancer cell genome may
be helpful while choosing
the treatment pathway to
follow, allowing doctors to
adapt better to the
patient’s needs

15. Medical Utility
“To know your genes is
to know yourself”

16. MEDICAL UTILITY
Medically speaking,
karyotype says a lot
about cells, as it relates to
gene expression and cell
division capacity
Karyotype may be
affected by extrinsic
factors, or it can affect
individual processes
Image Source: time.com

17. MEDICAL UTILITY
Knowing the karyotype gives us a way to
correlate how different factors interact in
processes like aging, immune response and
disease treatment
Image Source: wis-wander.weizmann.ac.il

18. MEDICAL UTILITY
Karyotype can also be used as a mean of
diagnosis, giving us more information to
take in consideration while analyzing a
certain case
Image Source: edicogenome.com

19. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• University of Washington. (2017, January 25). ’Protective' DNA
strands are shorter in adults who had more infections as
infants. ScienceDaily. Retrieved on January 27, 2017 from
h t t p s : / / w w w . s c i e n c e d a i l y . c o m / r e l e a s e s /
2017/01/170125120311.htm
• American Association for the Advancement of Science. (2017,
January 19). Jumbled chromosomes may dampen the immune
response to tumors. ScienceDaily. Retrieved on January 27,
2017 from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/
2017/01/170119143325.htm
• Martinez Sanchez, Lina Maria et al. “Estudio de cromosomas y
cultivos celulares”. In: Biología Molecular: Libro de Clase. 8º
Edition. (2015). Editorial UPB. Medellin, Colombia. P: 91 - 96

20. “Be like those who inspire you”