The slides used to present "Kariz: An ancient solution for the future" at Shizuoka Kita Youth Science Engineering Forum (SKYSEF) 2016 in Japan, which resulted in winning the first prize in the environment category.
A Kariz (Qanat) is a man-made underground structure for conveying groundwater from inside a mountain or a hill, where aquifers are, to less elevated arid or semi-arid areas, where human settlements exist.
http://www.fao.org/giahs/en/
This presentation was presented during the Joint Meeting of Steering and Scientific Commitee that took place at FAO headquarters 28-29 April 2015. The presentation was made by Mr. Ali Kiani Rad and Mr. Mohammad Reza Mazandarani Haeri, Islamic Republic of Iran
A Self Sustainable Community (Human Settlement) comprising all the activity to a range of Human Scale within the neighborhood interdependent to government or policies.
In general, ecotourism is an insightful, mindful and participatory travel experience to natural and cultural and social environments, assisting the well-being of the local cultures and environments for future generations.
To simplify the term, Ecotourism can be defined in terms of
-environment and
-culture
-orientated travel.
The overall layout of the ecolodge and associated development must reflect the dual purpose of creating an ambient and attractive environment for the visitor as well as protecting the natural features of the site.
To achieve this standard the proponent must demonstrate that some of the following conditions have been created:
Visitor experience and ambience.
Views within the site and to the surrounding landscape have been maximized Adequate shade is provided by the use of vegetation and facility orientation Local winds are funneled for natural ventilation
Individual accommodation units have adequate privacy
Movement around the site and connecting of the various facilities is efficient Environmental Protection.
All special features on the site are protected.
Only essential facilities are constructed adjacent to the beach and other focal points on the site.
The overall footprint of the constructed buildings are kept to a minimum
Sabarmati riverfront case study for development of yamuna riverfront agradeeksha sharma
the
the Sabarmati riverfront ahmedabad is a huge successful project. this presentation is about the case study of that riverfront to take the features similar to the the Yamuna riverfront Agra for urban design development project.
http://www.fao.org/giahs/en/
This presentation was presented during the Joint Meeting of Steering and Scientific Commitee that took place at FAO headquarters 28-29 April 2015. The presentation was made by Mr. Ali Kiani Rad and Mr. Mohammad Reza Mazandarani Haeri, Islamic Republic of Iran
A Self Sustainable Community (Human Settlement) comprising all the activity to a range of Human Scale within the neighborhood interdependent to government or policies.
In general, ecotourism is an insightful, mindful and participatory travel experience to natural and cultural and social environments, assisting the well-being of the local cultures and environments for future generations.
To simplify the term, Ecotourism can be defined in terms of
-environment and
-culture
-orientated travel.
The overall layout of the ecolodge and associated development must reflect the dual purpose of creating an ambient and attractive environment for the visitor as well as protecting the natural features of the site.
To achieve this standard the proponent must demonstrate that some of the following conditions have been created:
Visitor experience and ambience.
Views within the site and to the surrounding landscape have been maximized Adequate shade is provided by the use of vegetation and facility orientation Local winds are funneled for natural ventilation
Individual accommodation units have adequate privacy
Movement around the site and connecting of the various facilities is efficient Environmental Protection.
All special features on the site are protected.
Only essential facilities are constructed adjacent to the beach and other focal points on the site.
The overall footprint of the constructed buildings are kept to a minimum
Sabarmati riverfront case study for development of yamuna riverfront agradeeksha sharma
the
the Sabarmati riverfront ahmedabad is a huge successful project. this presentation is about the case study of that riverfront to take the features similar to the the Yamuna riverfront Agra for urban design development project.
vaidyagrama - Concept of Ayurveda Healing Village ramkumar1
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• Frame work of open spaces
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• Designing circulation
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• Seating arrangements
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• Standards for library, badminton court, swimming pool, basket ball court
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• Design considerations for the hostel block placement
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Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
vaidyagrama - Concept of Ayurveda Healing Village ramkumar1
Look out for Punarnava Ayurveda's Ayurveda Healing Village - vaidyagrAma, in the outskirts of Coimbatore, South India. An Ayurveda space that assures you Authentic Ayurveda for your Well-being!
Recreation Spaces, Open Spaces and student residences Literature StudyAndhra University
• Introduction
• Classification of open spaces
• Heirarchy of open spaces in campuses
• Importance of open spaces
• Desining of open spaces
• Efficiency of open spaces
• Activities in open spaces
• User behaviour
• Open spaces assessment in hongkong and south wales
• Open spaces assessment in Chennai and Kozhikode universities
• Shape based on built form ( university of Louisville)
• Frame work of open spaces
• Site context
• Climate of Visakhapatnam
• Warm and humid climate considerations
• Ways to create artificial climatic conditions
• Circulation
• Efficiency of circulation• Pathway systems
• Designing circulation
• Relation of built environment and open spaces
• Types of pathways in open spaces
• Types of open spaces included in pathways
• Elements of landscapes
• Soft and hard landscapes
• Seating arrangements
• Recreational spaces- importance, types
• Standards for library, badminton court, swimming pool, basket ball court
• Student residences- universal design standards
• Design parameters
• Types and requirements of dorms
• Layouts of dorms
• Kitchen and dining layouts
• Design considerations for the hostel block placement
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Innovative uses of solar energy : BIPV, Solar Forest, Solar powered street elements,- Innovative materials:
Phase changing materials, Light sensitive glass, Self cleansing glass- Integrated Use of Landscape :
Vertical Landscape, Green Wall, Green Roof. Case studies on Green buildings : CII building,Hyderabad,
Gurgaon Development Centre-Wipro Ltd. Gurgaon; Technopolis, Kolkata; Grundfos Pumps India Pvt Ltd,
Chennai; Olympia Technology Park, Chennai.
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School Of Architecture And Planning vijayawada , Case study sheets and Literature .
Presentation made by vaishnavi school of architecture and planning 3 year 5th sem students as a design project .
Execution and presentation by UDAY GOTETI
THANK YOU
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UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
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One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
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and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
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Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
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The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Summary of the Climate and Energy Policy of Australia
Kariz (Qanat): An ancient solution for the future - Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam - SKYSEF 2016
1. KARIZ
AN ANCIENT SOLUTION
FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam
Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran
KARIZ,未来のための古い手段
Rahyar
Educational Complex
2. What is a Kariz?
Kariz って何ですか?
A Kariz (Qanat) is a man-made underground
structure for conveying groundwater from inside a
mountain or a hill, where aquifers are, to less
elevated arid or semi-arid areas, where human
settlements exist.
Kariz (Qanat) は、地下水を山方面から水の少ない
地域に水を届けるための人間により作られた地
下設備です。
KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
2
3. Why did I choose this research subject?
この問題を調査した理由:
To introduce Kariz technology as an efficient
ancient groundwater extraction and conveyance
method, and to suggest combining it with modern
techniques and technologies and using it to help
water crisis management in arid areas.
Kariz と言う古い設備を、今の最新テクノロジー
と共に水の減少している地域で使う事により、
世界的の水の減少問題を解決する事ができると
考えました。
KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
3
4. What is going to be presented for you about
Karizes:
Facts
History
Construction method
Applications
Management aspects
Applicability in the modern era
KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
4
5. They are used…
• to supply clean water for
drinking and irrigation.
• in natural cooling systems.
• for facilitating ice storages.
• for running watermills.
• …
KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
5
“Persian garden in summer”
Artist: Berit Bredahl Nielsen
Karizes…
• are reliable and renewable sources of water.
• cause no damage to the environment.
• use only the force of gravity to transfer groundwater.
• have low life-cycle operation and maintenance costs.
• convey water with less evaporation, even in dry areas.
6. Iranian Ministry of Energy:
• About 36,300 Karizes in Iran
• Average Kariz tunnel length: about 6 km
• Average sum of Kariz wells’ depth: about 4 km
• = about 376,068 km of Kariz tunnels and wells in Iran
• ≈ 97.9% of the distance between the moon and the earth
KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
6
7. In the early part of the first millennium B.C., Persians started
constructing Karizes for extracting groundwater.
During the period 550 - 331 BC, when the Persian kingdom
extended from the Indus to the Nile, Kariz technology spread
throughout the empire.
KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
7
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
Photograph of Persepolis and Kariz wells
Image credit: Oriental Institute of the
University of Chicago
Kariz technology diffusion model
Image credit: waterhistory.org
8. KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
8
An underground layer of rock, sand, etc. which contains water
Gallery
Shaft wells
Exit point
Farm
Aquifer
Mother well
9. KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
9
Gallery
Shaft wells
Exit point
Farm
Aquifer
Mother well
An almost horizontal tunnel dug to get access to groundwater
reserves, and to transfer water to the ground
10. KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
10
Gallery
Shaft wells
Exit point
Farm
Aquifer
Mother well
Where the gallery and the ground surface intersect
11. KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
11
Gallery
Shaft wells
Exit point
Farm
Aquifer
Mother well
Dug from the surface to the gallery, mainly for:
• pulling out excavated materials
• sending down and pulling out the needed tools, workers, etc.
• ventilating the gallery
12. KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
12
Gallery
Shaft wells
Exit point
Farm
Aquifer
Mother well
Usually the first and the deepest well
13. KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
13
Gallery
Shaft wells
Exit point
Farm
Aquifer
Mother well
The cultivated area which is less elevated than the exit point
14. KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
14
Kariz shaft well, gallery and exit point
The line of dots formed by the debris craters around Kariz shaft wells
15. KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
15
Karizes are constructed by workers called “Muqanni”s, who are
skilled in surveying, geology, hydrology and engineering.
Fact: Due to underground construction risks, Muqannis say a
prayer before entering a Kariz, and they will not go to work on a
day they consider unlucky.
16. 16
KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Step 1: Find an aquifer
Step 2: Determine the exit point
CONSTRUCTION
Farm
Mountainside
Aquifer
17. KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
17
CONSTRUCTION
Empty horizontal cylinder and
leveling rod
Fact: Mohammad Ibn al-Hassan al-Hasib Karaji, a great but almost unknown
Iranian mathematician and engineer in the 10th century A.D. has explained
some of the levels used hundreds of years ago for calculating height difference
in "Extraction of hidden waters”.
Protractor and arrow
Water level, made of a bucket and two hoses
18. Considering the slope
of the gallery
18
KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Step 1: Find an aquifer
Step 2: Determine exit point
CONSTRUCTION
H
h1
h2
h1 + h2 + ...
hn
+ hn = H
Step 3: Construct the gallery and shaft wells
The exit point
19. 19
KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
APPLICATIONS
• Irrigation and drinking • Passive cooling system • Ice storage • Watermill
The primary applications of Kariz water are supplying
drinking water, irrigation and providing animals with water.
20. 20
KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
APPLICATIONS
• Irrigation and drinking • Passive cooling system • Ice storage • Watermill
Karizes, when used in conjunction with a wind catcher, can provide cool air as well as
being a water supply source in buildings in arid areas. A wind catcher is a chimney-
like structure positioned above a house with openings around the top, which refreshes
the air in the house because of the wind flow (the Bernoulli effect).
Fact: The "Kariz / wind catcher" cooling system has been used in desert climates for over
1000 years.
21. 21
KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
APPLICATIONS
• Irrigation and drinking • Passive cooling system • Ice storage • Watermill
Fact: By 400 BC, Persian engineers had mastered the technique of storing ice in
the middle of the summer in the desert.
In winter, the Kariz water was channeled to the north side of an east-west
direction wall to freeze in the wall’s shade. Then it was transferred to the
nearby ice storage. An ice storage is a semi-underground structure with thick
insulated walls and a hole on the top for air refreshment.
22. 22
KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
APPLICATIONS
• Irrigation and drinking • Passive cooling system • Ice storage • Watermill
Kariz water force can also be used to drive water-wheels and turn stone mills
to make flour.
23. KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
23
Fair water allocation
A fair Kariz water allocation system should be
in place for distributing water between
water users, both for irrigation and drinking.
MANAGEMENT
An inflow water clock
A Kariz gallery
Repair and maintenance
Periodic maintenance and cleaning of
the gallery is required as sediments
might be accumulated in the gallery
after years of water flow.
24. KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
24
CONCLUSION
Kariz, as an ancient Iranian groundwater exploitation and
conveyance system, provides an excellent demonstration of
human ingenuity to cope with water shortage.
Karizes can be improved…
• with support from governments, investors and
research institutes.
• using modern tools, techniques and technologies,
such as…
25. KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
25
CONCLUSION
Concrete pipes and well rings
Topographic surveyingModern methods for
groundwater exploration
Water well drilling rigs
Drilling tools
26. KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
26
The United Nations and other international organizations are
encouraging the revitalization of traditional water harvesting
and supply technologies in arid areas.
“Water is a finite and irreplaceable
resource that is fundamental to
human well-being. It is only
renewable if well managed.”
CONCLUSION
Kariz technology is important because…
• it is an efficient groundwater extraction and conveyance
method.
• it is eco-friendly.
• it can help water crisis management in arid areas.
27. KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
27
REFERENCES
• HOJAT, 2006, "Impact of land reform on the rural areas of Iran", Journal of Fine Arts, No.26.
• SANIZADEH, 2008, "Novel hydraulic structures & water management in Iran: A historical
perspective", Water culture & water conflict in the Mediterranean area, n. 83, p. 2 5-43.
• MAHDAVINEJAD & JAVANRUDI, 2012, "A Sustainable method to storage ice in hot-arid
climates", Asian Culture and History, Vol. 4, No. 2.
• WULFF, 1968, "The Qanats of Iran," Scientific American, April 1968, p. 94-105.
• RAHIMI, 2008, "Karaji's Levels", Magazine of History of Science, Vol. 7, p. 74 - 55.
• NASIRI & MAFAKHERI, 2015, "Qanat Water Supply Systems: A Revisit of Sustainability
Perspectives". Environmental Systems Research. doi:10.1186/s40068-015-0039-9.
• SEMSAR YAZDI, 2011,"Qanat; an Ancient Technique for Adapting to New Climate Changes",
Journal of Arid Land Studies.
28. KARIZ, AN ANCIENT SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
28
Thank you for your attention
Question and Answer
どうもありがとうございました
質問と答え
hadizadeh.ali@gmail.com
Ali Hadizadeh Moghadam, Rahyar Educational Complex, Tehran, Iran, August 2016
The registration
of Karizes as an
Iranian Globally
Important
Agricultural
Heritage
System in
UNESCO
July 2016