This document discusses the significance of the Oromo language, Afaan Oromo, for understanding Africa's prehistory and interpreting ancient texts and epigraphy. It argues that Afaan Oromo has provided clues to deciphering Babylonian cuneiform, helping identify the original language as Ethiopian. It also notes that early Egyptologists like Rawlinson used Afaan Oromo to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics. Several scholars are cited saying words and elements of ancient Egyptian, Babylonian, and other languages resemble or are similar to Afaan Oromo words. The document concludes by noting how Oromo clans have provided insights into reconstructing models of prehistoric land
This document discusses evidence that ancient Iranians (Persians) and Ghanaians (Ancient Egyptians) were closely related tribes. It provides linguistic and historical evidence that Persian and Akan (the language of Ghana) share many similar words and names. The document traces the lineage of Ezer, father of Akan, and Dishan, father of Aran (Iran/Persia) as brothers descended from Esau in Genesis. It argues this supports the Persians and Egyptians having a shared ancestral civilization, with notable early kings and cities listed for both peoples. Overall it aims to show compelling evidence that ancient Persians and Egyptians were cousin tribes originating from the same African people before migrating and establishing major emp
Egypt developed four scripts over time - hieroglyphs, hieratic, demotic, and Coptic. Hieroglyphs originated as pictograms and evolved into a complex writing system combining word signs, phonograms, and determinatives. Scribes became an important class who were responsible for correspondence and record keeping using these scripts. Eventually, Coptic replaced earlier scripts as the primary written language in Egypt.
Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Hindi LanguageLegesse Allyn
The Not So Distant African Roots of the Hindi Language
Authored by Legesse Allyn
https://www.amazon.com/Amarigna-Tigrigna-Roots-Hindi-Language/dp/153340335X
List Price: $14.95
8" x 10" (20.32 x 25.4 cm)
Black & White on White paper
94 pages
ISBN-13: 978-1533403353
ISBN-10: 153340335X
BISAC: Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Etymology
"The Hindi language is rooted in the east African, ancient Egyptian dual languages of Amarigna and Tigrigna. This book provides a small sampling of the not so distant African linguistic roots of the words in Hindi."
http://www.amazon.com/Amarigna-Tigrigna-Roots-Hindi-Language/dp/153340335X
The ancient egyptian hieroglyphics languageAlex Donvour
Hieroglyphics represent the official language of Pharaonic civilization, the first civilization known to man on the banks of the Nile Valley, where the science, arts and religious beliefs of ancient Egyptian on the walls and papyrus leaves to be the main role in the transfer of Pharaonic civilization and the discovery of its secrets and events and science and arts.
Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Male NamesLegesse Allyn
The Not So Distant African Linguistic Roots of the Words In Your Name
Authored by Legesse Allyn
https://www.amazon.com/Amarigna-Tigrigna-Roots-Male-Names/dp/1533325081
List Price: $14.95
8" x 10" (20.32 x 25.4 cm)
Black & White on White paper
88 pages
ISBN-13: 978-1533325082
ISBN-10: 1533325081
BISAC: History / Ancient / Egypt
"The words in your name are rooted in the east African, ancient Egyptian dual languages of Amarigna and Tigrigna. This book provides a small sampling of the not so distant African linguistic roots of the words in your male name."
http://www.amazon.com/Amarigna-Tigrigna-Roots-Male-Names/dp/1533325081
The document provides an overview of ancient Egyptian art and culture from the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. It describes hieroglyphic writing and various Egyptian gods. Examples of Egyptian art are given such as reliefs, sculptures, paintings, jewelry, and hieroglyphic inscriptions found on items like the Rosetta Stone. Characteristics of Egyptian art include its symbolic nature, use in tombs to depict the afterlife, and idealization of Egyptian royalty.
This document is a preface to a book that aims to show that the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic language is related to the Ethiopian and Eritrean languages of Amharic and Tigrigna. It discusses how the author, who is Ethiopian, believes he has uncovered meanings in the hieroglyphs by matching words to Amharic and Tigrigna. While this would be surprising to many Egyptologists, the preface argues that given ancient connections between Egypt and the Ethiopian/Eritrean regions, the author's claims deserve consideration rather than outright rejection. It encourages Egyptologists and scholars of the Ethiopian/Eritrean regions to examine the book and research with an open
Epygraphy project. Illyrians In and Around EuropeBajram Doka
This document discusses various undeciphered inscriptions found across Europe that can be interpreted using the Albanian language. It analyzes inscriptions from places like Illyricum, Asia Minor, Thrace, Scandinavia, and others to conclude that the scripts predate Greek civilization and indicate a pre-Illyrian language. It also finds evidence the Pelasgian civilization may have traveled to the Americas after a clash with Atlantis. Several specific inscriptions are then discussed in more detail, translating phrases into modern Albanian to interpret their meaning.
This document discusses evidence that ancient Iranians (Persians) and Ghanaians (Ancient Egyptians) were closely related tribes. It provides linguistic and historical evidence that Persian and Akan (the language of Ghana) share many similar words and names. The document traces the lineage of Ezer, father of Akan, and Dishan, father of Aran (Iran/Persia) as brothers descended from Esau in Genesis. It argues this supports the Persians and Egyptians having a shared ancestral civilization, with notable early kings and cities listed for both peoples. Overall it aims to show compelling evidence that ancient Persians and Egyptians were cousin tribes originating from the same African people before migrating and establishing major emp
Egypt developed four scripts over time - hieroglyphs, hieratic, demotic, and Coptic. Hieroglyphs originated as pictograms and evolved into a complex writing system combining word signs, phonograms, and determinatives. Scribes became an important class who were responsible for correspondence and record keeping using these scripts. Eventually, Coptic replaced earlier scripts as the primary written language in Egypt.
Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Hindi LanguageLegesse Allyn
The Not So Distant African Roots of the Hindi Language
Authored by Legesse Allyn
https://www.amazon.com/Amarigna-Tigrigna-Roots-Hindi-Language/dp/153340335X
List Price: $14.95
8" x 10" (20.32 x 25.4 cm)
Black & White on White paper
94 pages
ISBN-13: 978-1533403353
ISBN-10: 153340335X
BISAC: Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Etymology
"The Hindi language is rooted in the east African, ancient Egyptian dual languages of Amarigna and Tigrigna. This book provides a small sampling of the not so distant African linguistic roots of the words in Hindi."
http://www.amazon.com/Amarigna-Tigrigna-Roots-Hindi-Language/dp/153340335X
The ancient egyptian hieroglyphics languageAlex Donvour
Hieroglyphics represent the official language of Pharaonic civilization, the first civilization known to man on the banks of the Nile Valley, where the science, arts and religious beliefs of ancient Egyptian on the walls and papyrus leaves to be the main role in the transfer of Pharaonic civilization and the discovery of its secrets and events and science and arts.
Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Male NamesLegesse Allyn
The Not So Distant African Linguistic Roots of the Words In Your Name
Authored by Legesse Allyn
https://www.amazon.com/Amarigna-Tigrigna-Roots-Male-Names/dp/1533325081
List Price: $14.95
8" x 10" (20.32 x 25.4 cm)
Black & White on White paper
88 pages
ISBN-13: 978-1533325082
ISBN-10: 1533325081
BISAC: History / Ancient / Egypt
"The words in your name are rooted in the east African, ancient Egyptian dual languages of Amarigna and Tigrigna. This book provides a small sampling of the not so distant African linguistic roots of the words in your male name."
http://www.amazon.com/Amarigna-Tigrigna-Roots-Male-Names/dp/1533325081
The document provides an overview of ancient Egyptian art and culture from the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. It describes hieroglyphic writing and various Egyptian gods. Examples of Egyptian art are given such as reliefs, sculptures, paintings, jewelry, and hieroglyphic inscriptions found on items like the Rosetta Stone. Characteristics of Egyptian art include its symbolic nature, use in tombs to depict the afterlife, and idealization of Egyptian royalty.
This document is a preface to a book that aims to show that the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic language is related to the Ethiopian and Eritrean languages of Amharic and Tigrigna. It discusses how the author, who is Ethiopian, believes he has uncovered meanings in the hieroglyphs by matching words to Amharic and Tigrigna. While this would be surprising to many Egyptologists, the preface argues that given ancient connections between Egypt and the Ethiopian/Eritrean regions, the author's claims deserve consideration rather than outright rejection. It encourages Egyptologists and scholars of the Ethiopian/Eritrean regions to examine the book and research with an open
Epygraphy project. Illyrians In and Around EuropeBajram Doka
This document discusses various undeciphered inscriptions found across Europe that can be interpreted using the Albanian language. It analyzes inscriptions from places like Illyricum, Asia Minor, Thrace, Scandinavia, and others to conclude that the scripts predate Greek civilization and indicate a pre-Illyrian language. It also finds evidence the Pelasgian civilization may have traveled to the Americas after a clash with Atlantis. Several specific inscriptions are then discussed in more detail, translating phrases into modern Albanian to interpret their meaning.
Illyrian languages, history and epigraphy. Bajram Doka
This document provides a summary of a lecture titled "Illyrian languages in Albanian dialects" given by Bajram Doka at a conference on Illyrian studies. The lecture discusses evidence that Illyrian languages were spoken across the Balkan peninsula in antiquity and influenced the development of Albanian dialects. It presents examples of Illyrian inscriptions and place names that have been transcribed into Albanian, as well as analysis of ancient authors showing Illyrian peoples inhabited areas now associated with Greek civilization. The document aims to demonstrate that Albanian dialects retain remnants of pre-Greek Illyrian languages once spoken more widely in the region.
Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Hebrew LanguageLegesse Allyn
Also read "Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Genesis" re-translations of Genesis at...
https://www.slideshare.net/LegesseAllyn/amarigna-tigrigna-qal-genesis-volume-i-97564062
https://www.slideshare.net/LegesseAllyn/amarigna-tgrigna-qal-genesis-volume-ii
The Not So Distant African Roots of the Hebrew Language
Authored by Legesse Allyn
https://www.amazon.com/Amarigna-Tigrigna-Roots-Hebrew-Language/dp/1534708774
List Price: $14.95
8" x 10" (20.32 x 25.4 cm)
Black & White on White paper
82 pages
ISBN-13: 978-1534708778
ISBN-10: 1534708774
BISAC: Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Historical & Comparative
"The Hebrew language is rooted in the east African, ancient Egyptian dual languages of Amarigna and Tigrigna. This book provides a small sampling of the not so distant African linguistic roots of the words in Hebrew."
http://books.ancientgebts.org
A Brief slideshow presentation about Egyptian Hieroglyphics: Etymology, History and Development, and some example about Hieroglyphics; and ending the slideshow with article 1 of the human writes written in Hieroglyphics.
- Jean Francois Champollion was a French scholar credited with deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs from the Rosetta Stone, giving scholars the key to understanding this ancient writing system. He is known as the "Father of Egyptology".
- Hieroglyphs were a formal writing system used by ancient Egyptians combining logographic and alphabetic elements, used for religious texts on papyrus and wood.
- Some common Egyptian symbols included the ankh symbolizing eternal life, cartouches enclosing royal names, and the scarab beetle representing spontaneous creation.
ncient Egyptian symbols were a great source of knowledge as it was necessary better to understand their history, daily life, and religions. Egyptian symbols were depicted in hieroglyphs signs, and these symbols were called "The words of God."
The most famous ancient Symbols for Egypt are the sphinx, the scarab, the ankh, the 'all-seeing' Eye of Horus, and the gods depicted with animal heads. They are shown in ancient Egyptian art, their artifacts, relics found in the tombs, temples, hieroglyphics, and the papyrus manuscripts of the ancient Egyptians.
Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Russian LanguageLegesse Allyn
Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Russian Language: The Not So Distant African Roots of the Russian Language
Authored by Legesse Allyn
https://www.amazon.com/Amarigna-Tigrigna-Roots-Russian-Language/dp/1534891935
List Price: $14.95
8" x 10" (20.32 x 25.4 cm)
Black & White on White paper
88 pages
ISBN-13: 978-1534891937
ISBN-10: 1534891935
BISAC: Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Historical & Comparative
The Russian language is rooted in the east African,
ancient Egyptian dual languages of Amarigna and Tigrigna. This book provides a small sampling of the not so distant African linguistic roots of the words in Russian.
This document discusses the history and culture of the Pelasgians and Illyrians in Europe. It argues that 10,000 years ago, the Pelasgians defeated armies from Atlantis that were attempting to invade. This suggests the Pelasgians may have traveled from Atlantis to Europe and influenced cultures in places like ancient Greece and the Americas. Additionally, it claims that before the Trojan exodus, the Goths and other groups inhabited Europe, as evidenced by ancient scripts and archaeological sites that predate Greek and Latin influences. The document concludes that the cultures and histories of the Pelasgo-Illyrians can be found throughout Europe and surrounding regions due to their early presence and influence on local populations.
Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Japanese LanguageLegesse Allyn
The Not So Distant African Roots of the Japanese Language
Authored by Legesse Allyn
https://www.amazon.com/Amarigna-Tigrigna-Roots-Japanese-Language/dp/1533493561
List Price: $14.95
8" x 10" (20.32 x 25.4 cm)
Black & White on White paper
82 pages
ISBN-13: 978-1533493569
ISBN-10: 1533493561
BISAC: Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Etymology
"The Japanese language is rooted in the east African, ancient Egyptian dual languages of Amarigna and Tigrigna. This book provides a small sampling of the not so distant African linguistic roots of the words in Japanese."
http://www.amazon.com/Amarigna-Tigrigna-Roots-Japanese-Language/dp/1533493561
Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Chinese LanguageLegesse Allyn
The Not So Distant African Roots of the Chinese Language
Authored by Legesse Allyn
https://www.amazon.com/Amarigna-Tigrigna-Roots-Chinese-Language/dp/1533632413
List Price: $14.95
8" x 10" (20.32 x 25.4 cm)
Black & White on White paper
84 pages
ISBN-13: 978-1533632418
ISBN-10: 1533632413
BISAC: Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Historical & Comparative
"The Chinese language is rooted in the east African, ancient Egyptian dual languages of Amarigna and Tigrigna. This book provides a small sampling of the not so distant African linguistic roots of the words in Chinese."
Why Learn Arabic?
• Arabic is the fifth most widely spoken language and is the official language of over 20 countries with well over 300 million native speakers.
• Arabic is a language with a rich literary and cultural heritage that deserves to be studied in its own right. Anyone can major in Arabic with or without prior
knowledge of the language.
• It is one of the critical languages favored by many government agencies, militaries, and companies conducting business in the Arab world.
• Arabic-speaking nations provide a fast-growing market for trade and initiatives to integrate the Arab world into the global economy with numerous potential
business opportunities now opening up. The Arab region, with its rapidly growing population, provides a huge export market for goods and services.
• Political and economic developments in the Arab world and parts of the Middle East, like the internationalisation of businesses and professions around the
world, have made understanding, speaking, reading, and writing Arabic an increasingly valuable skill.
• Taking an Arabic language course means you have the chanc
The document provides an overview of ancient Persian civilization from 600-490 BC. It describes the geography of Persia including its water masses, rivers, and climate. It then discusses several Persian kings including Cyrus the Great, Cambyses, and Darius I. It outlines the development of Zoroastrianism as the main religion and describes aspects of Persian culture such as art, architecture, language, music, fashion, food and more. Key contributions of ancient Persia included its conquests and effective government system under Cyrus, and Darius' establishment of provinces in the empire.
Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Female NamesLegesse Allyn
This document discusses the roots of popular female names in Amarigna and Tigrigna languages. It begins with an introduction explaining the importance of names and origins. It then provides etymologies for many female names, tracing their origins back to words and meanings in Amarigna and Tigrigna. For each name, it gives the originating word(s) in those languages, explains how it evolved into the name in European languages, and provides the eventual etymology. Examples discussed include names like Abigail, Adeline, Agatha, and others. The document aims to help readers understand the real meanings and antiquity of their names.
The document discusses the history and features of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing. It originated suddenly around 3100 BC in a fully developed form, and remained unchanged for over 3000 years. Hieroglyphs were pictographic symbols that could represent sounds, syllables, or objects. They were used in monumental inscriptions but later evolved into cursive scripts for common use. The Rosetta Stone helped French scholar Champollion decode hieroglyphs in 1822 by providing a multilingual text for comparison.
This document discusses the language of the New Testament. It covers several topics:
1. Periods of Greek language development from prehistoric to modern, noting dialects like Attic and the rise of the Koine dialect.
2. Characteristics of Koine Greek, which was influenced by other dialects and simplified forms. It was the common language in the Roman Empire during the 1st century AD.
3. Evidence that Greek was widely used in 1st century Palestine, including interactions between Jesus, Pilate, and Paul recorded in the New Testament. Bilingualism with local languages like Aramaic was also common.
4. The importance of papyrus discoveries in understanding that the Greek of the
All you need to know about hieroglyphics!recyclonesss
Hieroglyphics were sacred Egyptian writings that could have up to three meanings each. They were written on the Rosetta Stone in three scripts: hieroglyphics on top, demotic hieroglyphics in the middle, and ancient Greek on the bottom. Cartouches were oval shapes used to represent the names of pharaohs, queens and other important figures. Egyptians used over 700 symbols in hieroglyphics on buildings and tombs to represent words and sounds.
The document provides an introduction to the Arabic language, including its history, alphabet, grammar, and current status. It discusses how Arabic evolved from early forms in the Arabian Peninsula to become the dominant language of the Islamic empire and the liturgical language of over a billion Muslims today. The document also outlines the Arabic alphabet, consonants, vowels, gender, number, word order, and other key grammatical features. Sample texts are provided to demonstrate the script.
The document provides information on various ancient writing systems including:
1) Rock paintings from the Stone Age found in South Africa that depict humans and animals and are preserved in shades of ochre and white.
2) Cuneiform writing developed by the Sumerians around 3500 BC which used wedge-shaped markings pressed into wet clay tablets.
3) Egyptian hieroglyphics formed around 3000 BC with thousands of symbols representing ideas, objects, and sounds that were carved on walls and monuments.
4) The Greek alphabet developed around 1000 BC from the Phoenician alphabet and was adapted to represent vowels, increasing its accuracy for the Greek language. It evolved into modern scripts and was widely adopted.
1) Egypt under the Pharaohs was a very stable civilization that lasted approximately 2500-3000 years, in contrast to less stable Mesopotamia.
2) The Nile River valley provided highly fertile land and predictable flooding that facilitated agriculture. Major cities like Memphis developed, and two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were eventually united under one rule.
3) Some of the earliest large-scale structures were step pyramids like that of Pharaoh Djoser, but the Old Kingdom is best known for the massive Great Pyramids of Giza built as tombs for pharaohs like Khufu and Khafre. These structures reflected the importance of religion and the after
The document is an Egyptian ABC book that provides information for various topics starting with each letter of the alphabet. Some of the topics covered include Akhenaten, an unusual pharaoh who changed Egyptian religion; Bes, an ancient spirit known to ward off evil; canopic jars which held internal organs during mummification; Duamutef, the jackal-headed son of Horus who held lungs in canopic jars; and Hatshepsut, the first female pharaoh whose reign saw flourishing in art and architecture.
The document provides background information on Egyptian mythology, including its gods and goddesses like Isis, Osiris, Horus, and Set. It describes how the ancient Egyptians worshipped in temples dedicated to different deities. It also discusses some Egyptian mysteries like the Sphinx and the Rosetta Stone, which helped with deciphering hieroglyphs. Notable Egyptian kings and queens that ruled during this time include King Tut, Ramesses II, Queen Hatshepsut, and Cleopatra.
This document provides an overview of the idea of Ethiopia as conceived by African diaspora intellectuals in response to colonial oppression. It summarizes that the idea of Ethiopia was rooted in the ancient histories of Nubians and Ethiopians as portrayed in Greek and Roman sources. It was developed by diaspora thinkers to provide a sense of identity and challenge the erasure of Africa's past under colonialism. The document traces how the idea of Ethiopia shaped movements like Ethiopianism, Pan-Africanism, and Ras Tafarianism and provided inspiration to resist colonialism around the world.
This document discusses the origins and meanings of the term "Aryan". It provides several theories on the Proto-Indo-European root of the word, including theories that it meant "one who skillfully assembles", "fitting, proper", and "to share". The term was used collectively to denote peoples who shared a common ethnic stock, language, and religion centered around Ahura Mazdā. Place names in the Karakoram, Hindu Kush, and Pamir mountain ranges still contain roots relating to Iranian-speaking nomadic groups who once inhabited the area. The Wakhi language, spoken in the Himalayan region, is closely related to the ancient Zoroastrian sacred text, the
Illyrian languages, history and epigraphy. Bajram Doka
This document provides a summary of a lecture titled "Illyrian languages in Albanian dialects" given by Bajram Doka at a conference on Illyrian studies. The lecture discusses evidence that Illyrian languages were spoken across the Balkan peninsula in antiquity and influenced the development of Albanian dialects. It presents examples of Illyrian inscriptions and place names that have been transcribed into Albanian, as well as analysis of ancient authors showing Illyrian peoples inhabited areas now associated with Greek civilization. The document aims to demonstrate that Albanian dialects retain remnants of pre-Greek Illyrian languages once spoken more widely in the region.
Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Hebrew LanguageLegesse Allyn
Also read "Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Genesis" re-translations of Genesis at...
https://www.slideshare.net/LegesseAllyn/amarigna-tigrigna-qal-genesis-volume-i-97564062
https://www.slideshare.net/LegesseAllyn/amarigna-tgrigna-qal-genesis-volume-ii
The Not So Distant African Roots of the Hebrew Language
Authored by Legesse Allyn
https://www.amazon.com/Amarigna-Tigrigna-Roots-Hebrew-Language/dp/1534708774
List Price: $14.95
8" x 10" (20.32 x 25.4 cm)
Black & White on White paper
82 pages
ISBN-13: 978-1534708778
ISBN-10: 1534708774
BISAC: Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Historical & Comparative
"The Hebrew language is rooted in the east African, ancient Egyptian dual languages of Amarigna and Tigrigna. This book provides a small sampling of the not so distant African linguistic roots of the words in Hebrew."
http://books.ancientgebts.org
A Brief slideshow presentation about Egyptian Hieroglyphics: Etymology, History and Development, and some example about Hieroglyphics; and ending the slideshow with article 1 of the human writes written in Hieroglyphics.
- Jean Francois Champollion was a French scholar credited with deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs from the Rosetta Stone, giving scholars the key to understanding this ancient writing system. He is known as the "Father of Egyptology".
- Hieroglyphs were a formal writing system used by ancient Egyptians combining logographic and alphabetic elements, used for religious texts on papyrus and wood.
- Some common Egyptian symbols included the ankh symbolizing eternal life, cartouches enclosing royal names, and the scarab beetle representing spontaneous creation.
ncient Egyptian symbols were a great source of knowledge as it was necessary better to understand their history, daily life, and religions. Egyptian symbols were depicted in hieroglyphs signs, and these symbols were called "The words of God."
The most famous ancient Symbols for Egypt are the sphinx, the scarab, the ankh, the 'all-seeing' Eye of Horus, and the gods depicted with animal heads. They are shown in ancient Egyptian art, their artifacts, relics found in the tombs, temples, hieroglyphics, and the papyrus manuscripts of the ancient Egyptians.
Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Russian LanguageLegesse Allyn
Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Russian Language: The Not So Distant African Roots of the Russian Language
Authored by Legesse Allyn
https://www.amazon.com/Amarigna-Tigrigna-Roots-Russian-Language/dp/1534891935
List Price: $14.95
8" x 10" (20.32 x 25.4 cm)
Black & White on White paper
88 pages
ISBN-13: 978-1534891937
ISBN-10: 1534891935
BISAC: Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Historical & Comparative
The Russian language is rooted in the east African,
ancient Egyptian dual languages of Amarigna and Tigrigna. This book provides a small sampling of the not so distant African linguistic roots of the words in Russian.
This document discusses the history and culture of the Pelasgians and Illyrians in Europe. It argues that 10,000 years ago, the Pelasgians defeated armies from Atlantis that were attempting to invade. This suggests the Pelasgians may have traveled from Atlantis to Europe and influenced cultures in places like ancient Greece and the Americas. Additionally, it claims that before the Trojan exodus, the Goths and other groups inhabited Europe, as evidenced by ancient scripts and archaeological sites that predate Greek and Latin influences. The document concludes that the cultures and histories of the Pelasgo-Illyrians can be found throughout Europe and surrounding regions due to their early presence and influence on local populations.
Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Japanese LanguageLegesse Allyn
The Not So Distant African Roots of the Japanese Language
Authored by Legesse Allyn
https://www.amazon.com/Amarigna-Tigrigna-Roots-Japanese-Language/dp/1533493561
List Price: $14.95
8" x 10" (20.32 x 25.4 cm)
Black & White on White paper
82 pages
ISBN-13: 978-1533493569
ISBN-10: 1533493561
BISAC: Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Etymology
"The Japanese language is rooted in the east African, ancient Egyptian dual languages of Amarigna and Tigrigna. This book provides a small sampling of the not so distant African linguistic roots of the words in Japanese."
http://www.amazon.com/Amarigna-Tigrigna-Roots-Japanese-Language/dp/1533493561
Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Chinese LanguageLegesse Allyn
The Not So Distant African Roots of the Chinese Language
Authored by Legesse Allyn
https://www.amazon.com/Amarigna-Tigrigna-Roots-Chinese-Language/dp/1533632413
List Price: $14.95
8" x 10" (20.32 x 25.4 cm)
Black & White on White paper
84 pages
ISBN-13: 978-1533632418
ISBN-10: 1533632413
BISAC: Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Historical & Comparative
"The Chinese language is rooted in the east African, ancient Egyptian dual languages of Amarigna and Tigrigna. This book provides a small sampling of the not so distant African linguistic roots of the words in Chinese."
Why Learn Arabic?
• Arabic is the fifth most widely spoken language and is the official language of over 20 countries with well over 300 million native speakers.
• Arabic is a language with a rich literary and cultural heritage that deserves to be studied in its own right. Anyone can major in Arabic with or without prior
knowledge of the language.
• It is one of the critical languages favored by many government agencies, militaries, and companies conducting business in the Arab world.
• Arabic-speaking nations provide a fast-growing market for trade and initiatives to integrate the Arab world into the global economy with numerous potential
business opportunities now opening up. The Arab region, with its rapidly growing population, provides a huge export market for goods and services.
• Political and economic developments in the Arab world and parts of the Middle East, like the internationalisation of businesses and professions around the
world, have made understanding, speaking, reading, and writing Arabic an increasingly valuable skill.
• Taking an Arabic language course means you have the chanc
The document provides an overview of ancient Persian civilization from 600-490 BC. It describes the geography of Persia including its water masses, rivers, and climate. It then discusses several Persian kings including Cyrus the Great, Cambyses, and Darius I. It outlines the development of Zoroastrianism as the main religion and describes aspects of Persian culture such as art, architecture, language, music, fashion, food and more. Key contributions of ancient Persia included its conquests and effective government system under Cyrus, and Darius' establishment of provinces in the empire.
Amarigna & Tigrigna Qal Roots of Female NamesLegesse Allyn
This document discusses the roots of popular female names in Amarigna and Tigrigna languages. It begins with an introduction explaining the importance of names and origins. It then provides etymologies for many female names, tracing their origins back to words and meanings in Amarigna and Tigrigna. For each name, it gives the originating word(s) in those languages, explains how it evolved into the name in European languages, and provides the eventual etymology. Examples discussed include names like Abigail, Adeline, Agatha, and others. The document aims to help readers understand the real meanings and antiquity of their names.
The document discusses the history and features of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing. It originated suddenly around 3100 BC in a fully developed form, and remained unchanged for over 3000 years. Hieroglyphs were pictographic symbols that could represent sounds, syllables, or objects. They were used in monumental inscriptions but later evolved into cursive scripts for common use. The Rosetta Stone helped French scholar Champollion decode hieroglyphs in 1822 by providing a multilingual text for comparison.
This document discusses the language of the New Testament. It covers several topics:
1. Periods of Greek language development from prehistoric to modern, noting dialects like Attic and the rise of the Koine dialect.
2. Characteristics of Koine Greek, which was influenced by other dialects and simplified forms. It was the common language in the Roman Empire during the 1st century AD.
3. Evidence that Greek was widely used in 1st century Palestine, including interactions between Jesus, Pilate, and Paul recorded in the New Testament. Bilingualism with local languages like Aramaic was also common.
4. The importance of papyrus discoveries in understanding that the Greek of the
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Juosthepowerofafaanoromo 190805194425
1. The Power of Afaan Oromo as a
Device for Explaining Africa’s
Prehistory vs. Ethiopia’s repressive
language policy: An evolutionary
Africology perspective
Dereje Tadesse Birbirso (PhD)
Haramaya University
College of Social Science & Humanities
Fourth International Oromo Studies
Conference Organized by Institute of Oromo
studies (IOS) Jimma University
July 18, 2019
2. 1. Some Idiosyncrasy of Afaan Oromo &
its Significance for Pre-history
1.1. The Word Order
The first human language emerged by SOV order like
Afaan Oromo & Kushite languages
Word order is resistant to change, it is possible to change,
But once a language leaves its Word Order (esp. , SOV), it
makes no return back.
5. • Archaeogenetics findings show Kushites spread
haplogroup R-M173 around the glob from original Nile
Valley homeland (Winters 2010)--a “the birthplace of
humanity” (Diop 1975: 56)
• The pristine form of R1*M173 is found only in Africa
(Cruciani et al., 2002).
• Haplogroup L3x…is found in 10 Ethiopians, with most
frequent appearance (12%) among the Oromos & seems
to be restricted to the Horn of Africa and the Nile Valley’
(Kivisild et.al. 2004)
• The “earliest to write about language and the brain… the
first to write about anything at all” were Ancient
‘Egyptian’ of Nile Valley (Altmann 2006: 802; (Chérubini
1847: 2-3 ), “merely a colony of Ethiopia” (Diop, ibid)
6. 1.2. The Grammatology of Oromo Rhetoric--
Formalizing the Semiotic Triangle
Moggaasa or Maqa Baasa or Luba Baasa
Gadaa ‘name-giving, sawing maxims,
arranging from center to peripheries or in
patterned lines’.
7. • Why is Gadaa Law ‘written’ in formulaic text:
“utilize a symbolic code”?
“rigidly patterned”?
“series of short sententious phrases”?
“issued in verse” that “intimate(ly) link…form, content and
concrete situation in life” ?
harangued by the expert ascending the top of megalithic
stones ?
form “artful parallelism of sounds” and “image” in “vocalic
harmony”?
in “formally highly developed poetical technique”?
“Double analogy”—vertical & horizontal?
As such are they “disposed to help memory”
transcending timespace (de Salviac, 2005 [1901]:
285).
8.
9. 2. The Role of Afaan Oromo in Interpreting
Ancient Epigraphy
2.1. Babylonian Cuneiform
“The language of old Babylon was even identified
with the modern Oromo, and the passage of the
Hamites or Cushites across the Red Sea, by way of
Arabia to the Persian Gulf, was accurately traced”
--(Brinton 1895, p. 73; Emphasis added)
10. Fausset in his Fausset’s Bible Dictionary affirms:
“The earliest Babylonian monuments show that
the primitive Babylonians whose structures by
Nebuchadnezzar’s time were in ruins, had a
vocabulary undoubtedly Cushite or Ethiopian,
analogous to the Oromo tongue in Abyssinia. Sir
H. Rawlinson was able to decipher the
inscriptions chiefly by the help of the Oromo
(Abyssinian) and Mahra (S. Arabian) dialects.
The system of writing resembled the Egyptian,
being pictorial and symbolic, often both using
the same symbols. Several words of the
Babylonians and their kinsmen the Susianians
are identical with ancient Egyptian or Ethiopic
roots (1949, pp. 246-7).
11. Rawlinson (in his History of Herodotus) attests:
“The system of writing which they brought with
them has the closest affinity with that of Egypt,
in many cases, indeed, there is absolute
identity between the two alphabets.... In regard
to the language of the primitive Babylonians ...
the vocabulary is undoubtedly Cushite or
Ethiopian . . . of which we have probably the
purest modern specimens in the Mahra or
Southern Arabia and the Oromo of Abyssinia”
(1859, p.353).
12. “We have seen that there seems to be in
early Egyptian civilization an element
ultimately of Babylonian origin and that
there are two theories as to how it
reached Egypt. One supposes that it was
brought by a Semitic [sic] people of Arab
affinities (represented by the modern
Oromos)”
[L. W. King & H. R. Hall, The History Egypt in the Light of
Recent Discoveries. London: The Grolier Society, 1889,
p. 134]
13. …Gula, the ɡ and ʋ being (as is well known)
perpetually liable to confusion in the Greek
orthography of Oriental names. In Mylitta we
probably have the same name with a feminine
ending. Gula in the primitive language of Babylonia,
which is now ascertained to be of the Hamitic [sic.],
and not of the Semitic family, signified “great”… or
a feminine form of that word,—answering in fact to
the Guda of the Oromo dialect of Africa. Gula is the
standard name for the Great Goddess throughout
the Inscriptions”
(George Rawlinson, History of Herodotus, Vol. 1.
New York: D. Appleton & Co.)
14. • The kalu and kalutu are priests of
ancient Sumerians, Mesopotamian and
Babylonians. (Bullough, 1971)
• In Assyrian and Babylonian texts…as kalu
(variants, kulu'u and kulu) and have a
role in Babylonian and Assyrian ritual”
(Roscoe 1996 p. 215)
• “ Ritual to be Followed by the Kalu-Priest
when Covering the Temple” (Sachs
1969,p., 334-337)
• In Egyptian texts, Phoenicia and/or Kush is called
the country of Khal or khalu (Brugsch, p. 412)
15. • Another leading linguist, Runoko Rashidi
concluded from this:
“The script and language of the
ancient Black-heads have been
carefully studied and only serve to
strengthen our thesis” i.e., it was
written in Oromo language
(Runoko Rashidi, The Kushite Origins of Sumer
and Elam, Ufahamu: A Journal of African
Studies, 12(3), 1983: 215-233.)
16. The leading Egyptologist of the past
century, Chiekh Anta Diop (Diop, 1975,
p. 60) agrees with George Rawlinson
that Babylonian tomb scriptures with
words such as “Guda” or “Gudea” &
other vocabulary had been pronounced
to be “decidedly Cushite or Ethiopian;”
17.
18.
19. • The New American Cyclopedia recommended
Oromo Language and culture as a key to pre-
historic study for
“it still exists in Abyssinia, where the
language of the principal tribe Oromo
furnishes, it is thought, a clue to the
cuneiform inscriptions of Susiana and
Elymais, which date from a period
probably a thousand years before our
era” (Ripley & Dana, 1859).
20. 3.2. Afaan Oromo Deciphering
Ancient Kemet/ Egyptian
hieroglyphics
• The influential linguist and Kemetologist Clyde
Winters informs us that Henry Rawlinson, one
of the early Egyptologists, “used an African
language Oromo, to decipher” not only
Egyptian hieroglyphics, but also the so-called
“Babylonian cuneiform writing.” Winters, C.
Genesis and the Children of Kush (Available at:
http://.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.c
gi
21. • Sir Harry H. Johnston (History of the Colonization
of Africa by Alien Races 1913)
uses the languages of Ancient Egyptian,
Berber or Lybian and Afaan Oromo
interchangeably
“would seem to have been derived from an
ancient Egyptian or Oromo origin” and
“their descendants to this day (with a
strikingly Pharaonic physiognomy) are often
called by a name which means “spirits,” … or
“gods”
22. • Crabtree (1924, p. 255) an Egyptologist:
Oromos occupied across “the Somali coast (Punt)-
roughly in a line Kerma, Napata, Meroe, Blue Nile, Shoa,
Zeila”
Oromo language is “possibly the language of the Anti
[‘ancient Egyptian’] or… possibly even Hittite” .
“Pepy I… 2650 B.C.” is “often asserted by Italians that
[they] were ancestors of the Oromo”.
Oromos are whose great leader expelled “the Hyksos, circ.
1600 B.C.” and were known in the hitherto documents as
“Hormeni” .
Afaan Oromo, derives from an “isolated and unique
vocabulary--possibly the language of the Anti or Hill-folk,
possibly even Hittite”.
Makes “an earnest plea for independent study from
the African point of view” to his students
23. • Robinson (1934: 313-314) quotes Petrie, the
leading Egyptologist, who “stated that the
Oromo, a people now in southeast Africa,
came down the Nile and established
themselves at Qau”
24. • Jean Dorosse, who wrote historical books on
Ethiopia, once said in an interview:
“there is a word "Oromo" in Ethiopia which
appeared in ancient Egypt referring to the
same subject, with consonants only, without
using vowels. It would have been good for a
person who is an Egyptologist to study
Oromiffa and try to list out words that were
in use in both countries.”
http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ub
b=get_topic;f=8;t=004338;p=1
25. Professor Keane (1884, p. 9) uses the name
‘oromo’ as follows for its historic significance:
“The word omri may serve in a way to connect the
Tibu Hamites with the Oromo, a chief branch of the
Eastern Hamites, who also call themselves Oromo,
Oroma, Ormu = men. To these Eastern Hamites,
who skirt the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea from
the Equator to Egypt, and of whom the ancient
Egyptians themselves were a branch, the vague
terms Kushite and Ethiopian are frequently
applied.”
Reclus (1876, pp. 194-196.).
Beke (1845, pp. 89 -110)
26. • Chiekh Anta Diop, “Egyptians call themselves
“Rmt kmt” which he interprets as “the men of
the country of the black men or the men of
the black country”.
• Thus, that ‘RMT’ ‘OROMOTA’ ?
From:
Coptic Dictionary
(n. d.; n. p)
27. “head of an Oromo woman”
“cleared” for them “an hypothesis
that has confused the subject for
fifty years” EXACTLY similar to
“sphinx in white silicified limestone
exactly like the Tanite sphinxes”
represent “arrival of an Ethiopian
queen bringing tribute to the viceroy
of Kush” (Maspero's Struggle of the Nations:
Egypt, Syria and Assyria, 1890, p. 233)
28.
29. 5. The Role of Afaan Oromo in
Reconstructing Models for Africa’s
Prehistory
• The Allaa and Ituu clans of the Hararghee
Oromo are essential informants who
“provide[d] a basis for…construct[ing] models
for prehistoric land and resource use” (Clark &
Williams 1978, p. 19)
• Ex., Laga Oda site that had been settled “at
least 16,000 BP” (Shaw & Jameson 1999 p.
349).
30. • Sanga cattle, the Bas primigenius and/or B. indicus, “the ancestors of
all the many breeds that existed in the secluded part of Africa when
the explorers entered the interior of the continent” (Baker, 1981 p.
359) were domesticated by Oromos. The very word sanga being an
Oromo, it is, however, used across the African Continent, which only
proves the cultural unity of Black African people.
• Oromo oral history tells us they, especially the ancient sub-moiety
known by eponymous Macca /matsha/, domesticated horse. When
European ‘travellers’ saw their horse, they named the breed ‘Oromo
Horse’, or some misnamed it ‘Abyssinian horse’ and they took the
species to Europe. The initial version of Encyclopedia Britannica
described ‘the Oromo’s wealth consists chiefly in cattle and horses…
as neither man nor woman ever thinks of going any distance on foot,
the number of horses is very large…individual tribes are said to be
able to bring 20,000 to 30,000 horsemen into the field.’ The fact that
the Oromos are, perhaps, the only people to have the ancient ‘Laws
of the Horses’ bear witness to how intimate and ancient are their
relations with equids (See also Birbirso 2011).
31. • The archaeologist Wainwright studied who were
“The Founders of the Zimbabwe Civilization”?,
He concludes, the story “only be a memory of those
of the Waqlimi’s Oromo homeland.” He explicates:
“On looking back towards Abyssinia we find that
the title Waqlimi,8 as it may be vocalized, is a
compound of two Oromo words: Waq, originally
the name of the Sky itself and hence that of the
High God, and ilma, ‘son,’ which give the meaning
that Mas'udi applied to the word Waqlimi. In its
form, however, the word is ungrammatical, for
normally it should be Ilma-Waq” (p. 62).
32. 6. The Role of Afaan Oromo in tracing
prehistory of religion & historical
studies of religion
• William Kelly (1821-1906), in his book Exposition of
Genesis, on the Oromo origin of the Old Testament:
“Josephus states in his Antiq. i. 6, 4 (ed. Hudson i. 19, 20) that
Arphaxad gave his name to the Chaldeans. But this is
erroneous. For the Chaldim, as they are called in scripture, or
Kaldi as they called themselves, were a Cushite race, not
Shemitic, and their tongue is said to have closely resembled
the Oromo or ancient language of the Aethiopians. This
appears to have been retained as a learned tongue for
erudite and religious purposes at least” (Kelly, p. 111).
•
33. “The remains [of the names of the
tribes in Genesis] found of their
language correspond to that of the
modern Oromo of Abyssinia, the
ancient language of Ethiopia”
(Fausset, pp. 211-212 and 449).
34. Petrie and colleagues:
read Oromo word for Black-Sky God, namely
‘Waaqa’ which they also read as “Uahka”
(Petrie, Ancient Egypt, Part I, 1927, p. 36)
read Ancient Egyptian king name “Ameny”
and interpreted as Oromo person “Aman”
Forlong (Rivers of Life, 2005, p. 943):
Aka or Aku, Babyllonian Supreme Being
Aka or Aku, a Kuthite name for God.
Still with old Kelts, Auggh, Agh or Achad is
a Divine name, and
Aka, Acha, Ak or Akra was an Egyptian term
for a solar deity
35. • Many writers argue Egyptian Uakha or Uahka is of
common origin with
• Latin American ancient Inca’s ‘Huaca’, a concept that
involve cosmic order, their religion, sacred places of
worship which involves places of giant ancient
pyramids
• Oromo Ateetee Maarame = Ancient Egyptian ISIS =
Black Madonna & Virgin Mary
(Robert Howells, Inside the Priory of Sion: Revelations
from the World's Most Secret Society;
Leonard W. Moss and Stephen C. Cappannari, The Black
Madonna: An Example of Culture Borrowing;
Trimingham, Islam in Ethiopia;
Cornelius J. Jaenen. The Oromo or Oromo of East Africa,
Southwestern Journal of Anthropology)
36. • Flinders Petrie and his linguist colleagues
reached agreement that Oromo Ateetee, was
virtually Ancient Egyptian concept of ISIS as
well as Old Kingdom name called “Ateta”
(Petrie, Ancient Egypt, Part I, 1927, p.36)
• “Ritual Field of Offerings, to the places ... as an
honoured one, the (titles), Ateta” (Margaret A.
Murray, Saqqara Mastabas Part II. London:
British School of Archaeology in Egyp,1939, p.
18)
37. • J. A. Rogers argues “The Eastern Church has two types
of Virgins; one frankly African with Ethiopian or Oromo
features; the other Byzantine with a copper
complexion and classic Greek features.”
• Rogers adds “Shakespeare speaks of the "sweet colour"
of the "Ethiopes," and in “Sonnet 130 rapturously of a
black skin and wiry hair” (Rogers, 1952, p. 31)
• Tsegaye Gabre-Medhin & African scholars (African
Origins Of The Major World Religions, 1991) “Kametic
Oromo” origin:
Biblical ‘Trinity’
Osiris-Ka called “Ereça”, the present Oromo KaAda's
(Gadaa) New Year thanks-giving is also called by the same
name (“Ereça”)”
Meroitic “First NagAda Culture”, i.e., 20,000 to 10, 000
BCE (ibid., p. 102).
38. 7. Afaan Oromo as a Bridge between
African and Euroasian Prehistory
7. 1. Afaan Oromo & Indo-European
In his book Ancient and Modern Britons,
MacRitchie argues:
That the Egyptians should have colonized Italy, Iberia, the
Islands of the Oestrymnides and the British Islands before
the days of Julius Caesar and that all of these should have
originally called themselves Rom, Rome, or Romani (from
the Cophtic [Coptic] word for “a man”), this is a theory
supported by a considerable number of facts"
(MacRitchie quoted in Rogers 1968, p. 200).
39. • In his chapter in Philological Society (1859, pp.
78-81), Wedgwood , under ‘on coincidences
between the Oromo and different European
languages’ began by wondering:
“The tendency of linguistic inquiry has of late been
to shew that closely resembling forms of speech
may arise among the most distant branches of the
human family from the principles of our common
nature” (p. 78).
40. • Martial de Salviac, in his seminal and
voluminous book on Oromo history and
culture (Oromo: Great Ancient African Nation,
1901) Afaan Oromo= Ancient Gaul & Briton
• De Salviac (1901, p. 377) stresses:
“Just as in the Sanskrit, the Hindu…the Slav, the
Oromo verbs roll on the series of simple
articulations, on the mechanism of simple
correlation of causative, intensive, emphatic
forms, etc. This language, therefore, maintains a
cache of great antiquity”.
41. • In 1847, Newman (Proceedings of Philological Society,
‘Vol. III, pp.125-129)
• Renan (Studies in Religious
• History), as stoutly maintains that the primitive stock of
the Egyptian and Abyssinian races were Aryan or Indo-
Europic
• John Baldwin, in his in his Prehistoric Nations:
• …the Cushite race created Ethiopia Egypt
Northern & East Africa Arabia
• “not only the language, but, along with it, the religious
ideas of that important people in Eastern Africa known
as the Oromos,” (1875, p. 323).
42. African 1st settlement or presence in
early Europe well attested
• McRitchie in his Ancient and Modern Britons Vol. II: “that,
although certain black divisions of our ancestry have
affected the white stock to a tremendous extent, we are a
nation of whites and darkened whites” (1884, p. 245) and
“in Scotland a black goddess the nigra dea was worshipped
( 1922, p. 164)
• “the designations "Celts" is a European bastardization of
the word "Cush" which Afrikans spell "Kush" the name of a
High Culture center in the heart of Alkebulan, the land of
the Blacks” (Boroshongo, 1983, p. 30)
• Gerld Massey also argues the builders of the Stonehedge of
England were Kushites (1881.p. 219)
44. 8. But, how come that Afaan Oromo is reduced
today to even below the regional, Oromiya,
working language level in its status?
Why did Europe colonized and
underdeveloped Africa?
Only for gold?
Epistemological usurpation of Africa—looting
Africa’s accumulated (through language and
cognitive faculty) social epistemology, wisdom
literature, etc., manipulating and pretending
the owners and as ancient as Africans (James,
1954; Diop, 197; Houston 1926).
45. Purposes of the 1954 “Amharic Academy”
• To improve the Amharic Language and to
preserve its integrity.
• To coin words which could replace foreign loan
words; and, when new scientific and
technological terminologies appear, the Academy
shall soon find an Amharic equivalent
• To study other vernacular languages of Ethiopia
to see their relationship with Amharic so that
they could be [made to] contribute to the
modernization of Amharic.
• To compile and publish a dictionary of the
Amharic language on systematic etymological and
philological principles.
46. • To determine Amharic equivalents of foreign
scientific and technical terms required for the
purposes of education, research, industry and
commerce.
• To elaborate and establish an official system of
transliteration into and from Amharic and
Latin alphabets.
• To foster the growth of the Amharic language,
• To encourage the development of Amharic
literature
• To determine correct usage in the field of
spelling, vocabulary, grammar and styles of
expression
47. • To provide the requisite guidance for the
development of the Amharic Language from
its own sources; and to determine the
conditions in which Amharic may accept
words from other languages;
• To provide for the preparation of dictionaries
of the Amharic Language of various grades
and for the various specialties;
• To conduct research into words to establish
Amharic equivalents or translations for
technical terms serviceable in education,
research and other fields;
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• Foot, E. C. 1913. An Afan Oromo-English English-Afan Oromo Dictionary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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of London.
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Company.
• Hudson, G.. 1989. Highland East Cushitic Dictionary. Hamburg: Buske.
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