The document summarizes fundamentals of JPEG, MPEG, and fractals. JPEG is a standard for compressing computer image files using 8x8 blocks, discrete cosine transform (DCT), and entropy coding. MPEG is a group that develops standards for coding moving pictures, audio, and their combination. Fractals are never-ending self-similar patterns that fractal algorithms convert into codes to recreate encoded images, with fractal compression being a lossy method for images based on fractals.

1. Self-Learning Seminar
of
Digital Image Processing
on
Topic : Fundamentals of JPEG, MPEG and Fractals
Presented by
CHANDAN SINGH
Under the Guidance of
Prof. Sheetal Mungale
Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
S. B. Jain Institute of Technology, Management & Research, Nagpur

2. JPEG
• JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is an ISO group of experts that develop
and maintain standard for a suite of compression algorithms for computer image
files.
• Together with the Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) and Portable Network
Graphics (PNG) file formats, the JPEG is one of the image file formats supported
on the World Wide Web.
• A progressive JPEG can be created which is similar to an interlaced GIF.

3. Fundamentals of JPEG
• JPEG works on 8x8 blocks
• Extract 8x8 block of pixels
• Convert to DCT domain
• Order coefficients in zig-zag order
• Entropy code the quantized values

4. MPEG
• The Moving Picture Coding Experts Group (MPEG) was established in January
1988 with the mandate to develop standards for coded representation of moving
pictures, audio and their combination.
• The MPEG environment is rather informal, even though it should not be forgotten
that standards can be of high strategic relevance. Therefore it should be no
surprise that operation of ISO standards committees is carefully regulated by
"Directives" issued by ISO.
• The ISO standards produced by MPEG are indicated by 5 digits.

5. Fractals
• A fractal is a never-ending pattern. Fractals are infinitely complex
patterns that are self-similar across different scales.
• Fractal algorithms convert these parts into mathematical data called
"fractal codes" which are used to recreate the encoded image.
• Fractal compression is a lossy compression method for digital
images, based on fractals.
• Example:-