The document summarizes an article from The LANCET Oncology journal about the epidemiology of breast cancer. It includes details about the journal such as its impact factor and indexing. The summary highlights that breast cancer risk is associated with factors that increase estrogen exposure like early menarche and late menopause. Childbearing and breastfeeding may reduce risk. While only a minority of cases are linked to gene mutations, changes to modifiable risk factors like obesity and alcohol consumption could lower breast cancer incidence. The conclusion states that identifying new lifestyle risk factors and chemoprevention trials may further progress in battling breast cancer.

1. Presented By:
Name: Akshata Ranganath Darandale
PHARM D
MGV’S Pharmacy College Panchavati, Nashik.

2. Presented for the partial fulfillment of requirement of –
PHA 451 Journal Club / Health seminar

3. Authors : Timothy J Key, Pia K Verkasalo, and Emily Banks .
Epidemiology of breast cancer
Journal name : The LANCET Oncology
Year : Mar 2001
Volume : 2
Issue :3
Page No: 133
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(00)00254-0

4.  With an Impact Factor of 54·433,the LANCET Oncology the world-leading
clinical oncology research journal globally (2021 Journal Citation Reports®,
Clarivate 2022).
 Publisher: Elsevier's Oncology Journal Network
 Total Indexing – 11
 Some Indexing sites are – Scopus , MEDLINE ,PubMed , Chemical Abstracts
, Essential Science Indicators ,etc .
 Editor :David Collingridge, Editor-in-Chief , gained a PhD in Tumour Biology
from the Gray Cancer Institute/University College London (UK) and held
research posts in the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University
(USA) and in the PET Oncology Group, Imperial College School of Medicine,
Hammersmith Hospital (UK)

5.  Peer reviewed and open access.
 Paid journal.
 Easy accessibility once accepted by the journal .
 Impact factor of the journal of the journal is good.
 Inclusion in major indexing sites such as scopus and Pubmed

6. The world-leading journal dedicated to clinical oncology research
 The LANCET Oncology is an open accessed, peer reviewed journal that
considers articles of all acpects related to the Oncology.
 The LANCET Oncology covers topics like clinical practice, advocate change
in health policy, and tackle issues related to global oncology. Topics included
are not limited to breast cancer but also- endocrine system cancer;
gastrointestinal cancer; genitourinary cancer; gynaecological cancer;
haematological cancer; head and neck cancer; neurooncology; paediatric
oncology; thoracic oncology; sarcoma; skin cancer; epidemiology, cancer
prevention, and cancer control; supportive care; imaging; and health-care
systems.

7.  The Lancet Oncology publish a range of article types that
encompass all aspects of oncological medicine: Articles, Review,
Policy Review, Personal View, Clinical Picture, Comment,
Correspondence, News, and Perspectives. It also
publish Series and Commissions (typically in partnership with
societies, governments, NGOs, and academic centres) that aim
to shape and drive positive change in clinical practice and health
policy in areas of need in global oncology.

8. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BREAST CANCER

9. The title indicates the topic and focous of the study.
The title is complete and meaningful.
The title clearly reflects the aim and objective of the study.
The title is nither long and nor to short.
Title helps to understand the specificity of the topic.
The title does look catchy and is easy to understand.

10.  The Authors of the title are :
 Timothy J Key-
Imperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of
Oxford, UK
 Pia K Verkasalo
Imperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of
Oxford, UK.
 Emily Banks
Imperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of
Oxford, UK

11.  The names of the authors are mentioned clearly.
 The authors past experience and area of expertise are not mentioned.
 The authors credentials are not mentioned.

13. Breast cancer is the commonest cause of cancer death in
women worldwide. Rates vary about five-fold around the
world, but they are increasing in regions that until recently
had low rates of the disease.
Many of the established risk factors are linked to oestrogens.
Risk is increased by early menarche, late menopause, and
obesity in postmenopausal women, and prospective studies
have shown that high concentrations of endogenous oestradiol
are associated with an increase in risk.

14.  Childbearing reduces risk, with greater protection for early
first birth and a larger number of births; breastfeeding
probably has a protective effect
 Both oral contraceptives and hormonal therapy for
menopause cause a small increase in breast-cancer risk ,
Alcohol increases risk, whereas physical activity is probably
protective. Mutations in certain genes greatly increase
breast cancer risk, but these account for a minority of cases

15. The introduction is meaningful and is built in existing literature.
The introduction is logically presented with with opening ,body
and termination like need for the study.
The introduction expiains the basic epidemiology of the breast
cancer .

16.  Studies of the epidemiology of breast cancer have established that hormonal
factors have a key role in the causation of this disease. Factors that increase
exposure to oestrogens increase risk, and studies in postmenopausal women
have shown a direct association between high oestradiol concentrations and
breast-cancer risk. The low rates of breast cancer in some populations are to
a substantial extent to conditions that are not realistic or desirable for more
developed countries – late menarche, young age at first birth, and high parity.
Feasible changes in risk factors, such as obesity, alcohol consumption,
breastfeeding, and physical activity, could yield important reductions in
breast cancer risk. Further progress may come from the identification of new,
modifiable lifestyle (especially dietary) risk factors. Trials such as those of
tamoxifen and other selective oestrogen-receptor modulators may result in
effective methods for the chemoprevention of breast cancer.

17.  The conclusion is meaningful .
 The conclusion is supported by the result drawn.

18. PKV was supported by the European Commission (Marie
Curie Fellowship BMH4-CT98-5113) under the
Biomedicine and Health Programme, the Academy of
Finland (grant 42022), the Finnish Cancer Foundation,
and the Finnish Medical Society Duodecim. EB is funded
by the Medical Research Council.

19.  1 Murray CJL, Lopez AD. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the
world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997; 349: 1269–76.
 2 Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Breast
cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of
data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52 705 women with breast
cancer and 108 411 women without breast cancer. Lancet 1997; 350:
1047–59.
 3 Ziegler RG, Hoover RN, Pike MC, et al. Migration patterns and
breast cancer risk in Asian-American women. J Natl Cancer Inst
1993; 85: 1819–27.
 4 Hoel DG, Wakabayashi T, Pike MC. Secular trends in the

21.  Abstract of the topic is not given in the article .
 Refrences are not given to some images.


22.  Findings are believable as the journal is reliable.
 Helps to understand the causes of breast cancer .
 Prospects for prevention are mentioned.
 Overall,the article is reliable and easy to understand.

23.  Title-epidemiology of breast cancer.
 Helps on developing the questionnaire.
 Findings of an article can be compared with that of my study .
 Will helpful for overall conduction of research .

24. THANK YOU