The document discusses integrating the USDL (Unified Service Description Language) and TOSCA (Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications) standards to automate parts of the lifecycle of cloud applications. It proposes using Linked USDL to provide unique identifiers and access service descriptions, and using TOSCA to describe application deployment and management in an executable way. The approach aims to enable discovery, selection, deployment and management of cloud applications through the combined use of USDL and TOSCA. It also discusses challenges around routing service requests, dynamic binding of descriptors, and achieving interoperability between the two standards.
Learning objectives
• Understand how to handle massive amount of data using data grid.
• Explains data replication and namespaces
• Identify the various data access model.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
AN OPEN JACKSON NETWORK MODEL FOR HETEROGENEOUS INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE O...IJCNCJournal
Cloud computing is an environment which provides services for user demand such as software, platform, infrastructure. Applications which are deployed on cloud computing have become more varied and complex to adapt to increase end-user quantity and fluctuating workload. One popular characteristic of
cloud computing is the heterogeneity of network, hosts and virtual machines (VM). There were many studies on cloud computing modeling based on queuing theory, but most studies have focused on homogeneity characteristic. In this study, we propose a cloud computing model based on open Jackson
network for multi-tier application systems which are deployed on heterogeneous VMs of IaaS cloud computing. The important metrics are analyzed in our experiments such as mean waiting time; mean request quantity, the throughput of the system. Besides that, metrics in model is used to modify number VMs
allocated for applications. Result of experiments shows that open queue network provides high efficiency.
Cloud Computing Automation: Integrating USDL and TOSCAJorge Cardoso
-- Presented at CAiSE 2013, Valencia, Spain --
Standardization efforts to simplify the management of cloud applications are being conducted in isolation. The objective of this paper is to investigate to which extend two promising specifications, USDL and TOSCA, can be integrated to automate the lifecycle of cloud applications. In our approach, we selected a commercial SaaS CRM platform, modeled it using the service description language USDL, modeled its cloud deployment using TOSCA, and constructed a prototypical platform to integrate service selection with deployment. Our evaluation indicates that a high level of integration is possible. We were able to fully automatize the remote deployment of a cloud service after it was selected by a customer in a marketplace. Architectural decisions emerged during the construction of the platform and were related to global service identification and access, multi-layer routing, and dynamic binding.
Learning objectives
• Understand how to handle massive amount of data using data grid.
• Explains data replication and namespaces
• Identify the various data access model.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
AN OPEN JACKSON NETWORK MODEL FOR HETEROGENEOUS INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE O...IJCNCJournal
Cloud computing is an environment which provides services for user demand such as software, platform, infrastructure. Applications which are deployed on cloud computing have become more varied and complex to adapt to increase end-user quantity and fluctuating workload. One popular characteristic of
cloud computing is the heterogeneity of network, hosts and virtual machines (VM). There were many studies on cloud computing modeling based on queuing theory, but most studies have focused on homogeneity characteristic. In this study, we propose a cloud computing model based on open Jackson
network for multi-tier application systems which are deployed on heterogeneous VMs of IaaS cloud computing. The important metrics are analyzed in our experiments such as mean waiting time; mean request quantity, the throughput of the system. Besides that, metrics in model is used to modify number VMs
allocated for applications. Result of experiments shows that open queue network provides high efficiency.
Cloud Computing Automation: Integrating USDL and TOSCAJorge Cardoso
-- Presented at CAiSE 2013, Valencia, Spain --
Standardization efforts to simplify the management of cloud applications are being conducted in isolation. The objective of this paper is to investigate to which extend two promising specifications, USDL and TOSCA, can be integrated to automate the lifecycle of cloud applications. In our approach, we selected a commercial SaaS CRM platform, modeled it using the service description language USDL, modeled its cloud deployment using TOSCA, and constructed a prototypical platform to integrate service selection with deployment. Our evaluation indicates that a high level of integration is possible. We were able to fully automatize the remote deployment of a cloud service after it was selected by a customer in a marketplace. Architectural decisions emerged during the construction of the platform and were related to global service identification and access, multi-layer routing, and dynamic binding.
Performance Evaluation of Web Services In Linux On MulticoreCSCJournals
Contemporary Business requires the ability to seamlessly exchange information between internal
business units, customers, and partner, is vital for success. Most organizations employ a variety of
different applications to store and exchange data in dissimilar way and therefore cannot “communicate” to
one another productively [1]. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) components provide services to other
components via communication protocols typically over a network [2].The technologies like DCOM, RMI,
COBRA, Web Services etc. are developed using SOA, which contributed best to fulfill requirements to
some extent, but components result from these technologies are mostly either language specific or
platform specific,[3]. The services or components developed for one platform may not be able to
communicate and reusable in other platform, as they are mostly language specific or platform specific.
“World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) International community to develop web standards” issued WS-*
specifications for programming language vendors for Web services, which confirms a standard means of
interoperating between different software applications running on a variety of platforms or frameworks
[4][5]. This paper tests web services performance gain along with interoperability, reusability by using
“NAS Parallel Benchmarks (NPB)” set of program [6] developed by NASA Advanced Supercomputing
Division to evaluate the performance of supercomputers.
Web Services Based Information Retrieval Agent System for Cloud ComputingEditor IJCATR
Cloud computing is Internet based system development in which large scalable computing resources are provided “as a
service” over the Internet to users and has attracted more and more attention from industry and research community. However, the
concept of cloud computing does not provide facilities for the knowledge discovery and information retrieval; i.e. clouds need to be
intelligent and autonomous. On the other hand, Web Service plays important role in Service Oriented Computing (SOC) in cloud
environment. Retrieving desired specific information from Web Services on cloud environment cannot be done by single Web Service.
So, there should be a possibility to combine existing services together in order to fulfil the request. To compose Web Services, Agents
can give great help. Therefore, this research mainly focus on providing a framework for retrieving information from Cloud using
composite Web Services by means of Multi-Agent System.
MULTIVIEW SOA : EXTENDING SOA USING A PRIVATE CLOUD COMPUTING AS SAAS AND DAASijseajournal
This work is based on two major areas, the Multiview Service Oriented Architecture and the combination between the computing cloud and MV-SOA. Thus, it is suggested to extend firstly the service oriented architecture (SOA) into an architecture called MV-SOA by adding two components, the Multiview service generator, whose role is to transform the classic service into Multiview service, and the data base, this component seeks to stock all of consumer service information. It is also suggested to combine the computing cloud and Multiview Service Oriented Architecture MVSOA. To reach such combination, the
MVSOA architecture was taken and we added to the client-side a private cloud in SaaS and DaaS.
Semantic Mediation Bus Presentation at VORTE 2012Wen Zhu
In this industry case study, we introduce the concept of semantic mediation that enables service interoperability through common ontologies, even when the services are implemented using different data models and message standards. Leveraging open standards such as Web Ontology Language (OWL) and Semantic Annotations for XML Schema and WSDL (SAWSDL), the Semantic Mediation Bus (TM) (SMB) removes the need to perform manual correlation among disparate data sources by extending the Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) infrastructure for ontology-based runtime service mediation.
Forecast 2014: TOSCA: An Open Standard for Business Application Agility and P...Open Data Center Alliance
Business applications are the crown jewels of the new, cloud-based, application-centric economy. Cloud service providers and their diverse platform technologies are striving to serve these increasingly complex, mission-critical business applications. However, rapidly accelerating business, technical, and even regulatory requirements for applications make it increasingly difficult for cloud service providers and cloud platform technologies to meet the needs of innovative businesses for speed, accuracy and agility.
What was missing, until recently, was an open standard that would enable business to capture and automate the use of expert knowledge regarding essential details such as business application components, dependencies, and a wide range of requirements that could be automatically matched to corresponding cloud service provider capabilities. Cloud vendor software leveraging such an open standard would enable, for the first time, a truly competitive ecosystem where cloud platform and service providers can leap beyond commoditization in order to compete, innovate, and better serve the accelerating needs of cloud-based businesses.
The Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA) is a new open standard created with the active participation of leading technology vendors, cloud service providers, and customers that facilitates all of the above goals and more. TOSCA defines the interoperable description of applications; including their components, relationships, dependencies, requirements, and capabilities, thereby enabling portability and semi-automatic management across cloud providers regardless of underlying platform or infrastructure; thus expanding customer choice, improving reliability, and reducing cost and time-to-value. These characteristics also facilitate the portable, continuous delivery of applications (DevOps) across their entire lifecycle. In short, they empower a much higher level of agility and accuracy for business in the cloud.
The growing impact of TOSCA has already inspired an OASIS Interop with six vendors demonstrating cross-cloud interoperability, an ODCA Proof-of-Concept demonstration, and several open source projects. This lively and fast-paced session is suitable for both business and technology focused thought-leaders, and will provide you with a better understanding of the potential and business impact of TOSCA.
Cloud-computing applications are characterized by stateful access, with differentiated service levels, charged to the end user using the pay-per-use pricing model. Implicit in this model is the assumption that a cloud application is always on. Scaling the cloud delivery model to an Internet scale (millions of users) is a challenge that next-generation Layer 4–7 infrastructure needs to overcome.
This presentation provides the latest information on the OASIS Topology Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA) v1.0 standard. TOSCA is a standard language used to describe a topology of cloud based web services, their components, relationships, and the processes that manage them. Key TOSCA concepts such as operational policy modeling, declarative composition and lifecycle management are covered along with the benefits both cloud customers and providers derive from using this standard. In addition, open source tooling support for TOSCA in projects such as OpenStack and the newly announced Aria project from Cloudify are discussed. Insight is given to the direction of the v1.1 specification and its timeline.
Review and Classification of Cloud Computing Researchiosrjce
IOSR journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSRJVSP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of VLSI Design & Signal Processing. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced VLSI Design & Signal Processing concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Design and realization of microelectronic systems using VLSI/ULSI technologies require close collaboration among scientists and engineers in the fields of systems architecture, logic and circuit design, chips and wafer fabrication, packaging, testing and systems applications. Generation of specifications, design and verification must be performed at all abstraction levels, including the system, register-transfer, logic, circuit, transistor and process levels
Cloud computing is the hottest topic in IT. It is virtually impossible to read a trade publication or
attend an IT conference and not be overwhelmed by discussions of the advantages and benefits
of cloud computing. In spite of all of the interest, there is still considerable confusion and
disagreement within the IT industry about the definition of cloud computing. The Cloud
Computing Journal, for example, published an article that included 21 definitions of cloud
computing. 1
Though there is confusion about the definition, the goal of cloud computing is quite clear – to
achieve an order of magnitude improvement in the cost-effective, elastic provisioning and
delivery of IT services.
This Object Management Group (OMG) RFP solicits submissions identifying and defining mechanisms to achieve integration between DDS infrastructures and TSN networks. The goal is to provide all artifacts needed to support the design, deployment and execution of DDS systems over TSN networks.
The DDS-TSN integration specification sought shall realize the following functionality:
● Define mechanisms that provide the information required for TSN-enabled networks to calculate any network schedules needed to deploy a DDS system.
OMG RFP
● Identify those parts of the set of the IEEE TSN standards that are relevant for a DDS-TSN integration and indicate how the DDS aspects are mapped onto, or related to, the associated TSN aspects. Examples include TSN- standardized information models for calculating system-wide schedules and configuring network equipment.
● Identify and specify necessary extensions to the [DDSI-RTPS] and [DDS- SECURITY] specifications, if any, to allow DDS infrastructures to use TSN- enabled networks as their transport while maintaining interoperability between different DDS implementations.
● Identify and specify necessary extensions to the DDS and DDS- XML specification, if any, to allow declaration of TSN-specific properties or quality of service attributes.
Performance Evaluation of Web Services In Linux On MulticoreCSCJournals
Contemporary Business requires the ability to seamlessly exchange information between internal
business units, customers, and partner, is vital for success. Most organizations employ a variety of
different applications to store and exchange data in dissimilar way and therefore cannot “communicate” to
one another productively [1]. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) components provide services to other
components via communication protocols typically over a network [2].The technologies like DCOM, RMI,
COBRA, Web Services etc. are developed using SOA, which contributed best to fulfill requirements to
some extent, but components result from these technologies are mostly either language specific or
platform specific,[3]. The services or components developed for one platform may not be able to
communicate and reusable in other platform, as they are mostly language specific or platform specific.
“World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) International community to develop web standards” issued WS-*
specifications for programming language vendors for Web services, which confirms a standard means of
interoperating between different software applications running on a variety of platforms or frameworks
[4][5]. This paper tests web services performance gain along with interoperability, reusability by using
“NAS Parallel Benchmarks (NPB)” set of program [6] developed by NASA Advanced Supercomputing
Division to evaluate the performance of supercomputers.
Web Services Based Information Retrieval Agent System for Cloud ComputingEditor IJCATR
Cloud computing is Internet based system development in which large scalable computing resources are provided “as a
service” over the Internet to users and has attracted more and more attention from industry and research community. However, the
concept of cloud computing does not provide facilities for the knowledge discovery and information retrieval; i.e. clouds need to be
intelligent and autonomous. On the other hand, Web Service plays important role in Service Oriented Computing (SOC) in cloud
environment. Retrieving desired specific information from Web Services on cloud environment cannot be done by single Web Service.
So, there should be a possibility to combine existing services together in order to fulfil the request. To compose Web Services, Agents
can give great help. Therefore, this research mainly focus on providing a framework for retrieving information from Cloud using
composite Web Services by means of Multi-Agent System.
MULTIVIEW SOA : EXTENDING SOA USING A PRIVATE CLOUD COMPUTING AS SAAS AND DAASijseajournal
This work is based on two major areas, the Multiview Service Oriented Architecture and the combination between the computing cloud and MV-SOA. Thus, it is suggested to extend firstly the service oriented architecture (SOA) into an architecture called MV-SOA by adding two components, the Multiview service generator, whose role is to transform the classic service into Multiview service, and the data base, this component seeks to stock all of consumer service information. It is also suggested to combine the computing cloud and Multiview Service Oriented Architecture MVSOA. To reach such combination, the
MVSOA architecture was taken and we added to the client-side a private cloud in SaaS and DaaS.
Semantic Mediation Bus Presentation at VORTE 2012Wen Zhu
In this industry case study, we introduce the concept of semantic mediation that enables service interoperability through common ontologies, even when the services are implemented using different data models and message standards. Leveraging open standards such as Web Ontology Language (OWL) and Semantic Annotations for XML Schema and WSDL (SAWSDL), the Semantic Mediation Bus (TM) (SMB) removes the need to perform manual correlation among disparate data sources by extending the Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) infrastructure for ontology-based runtime service mediation.
Forecast 2014: TOSCA: An Open Standard for Business Application Agility and P...Open Data Center Alliance
Business applications are the crown jewels of the new, cloud-based, application-centric economy. Cloud service providers and their diverse platform technologies are striving to serve these increasingly complex, mission-critical business applications. However, rapidly accelerating business, technical, and even regulatory requirements for applications make it increasingly difficult for cloud service providers and cloud platform technologies to meet the needs of innovative businesses for speed, accuracy and agility.
What was missing, until recently, was an open standard that would enable business to capture and automate the use of expert knowledge regarding essential details such as business application components, dependencies, and a wide range of requirements that could be automatically matched to corresponding cloud service provider capabilities. Cloud vendor software leveraging such an open standard would enable, for the first time, a truly competitive ecosystem where cloud platform and service providers can leap beyond commoditization in order to compete, innovate, and better serve the accelerating needs of cloud-based businesses.
The Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA) is a new open standard created with the active participation of leading technology vendors, cloud service providers, and customers that facilitates all of the above goals and more. TOSCA defines the interoperable description of applications; including their components, relationships, dependencies, requirements, and capabilities, thereby enabling portability and semi-automatic management across cloud providers regardless of underlying platform or infrastructure; thus expanding customer choice, improving reliability, and reducing cost and time-to-value. These characteristics also facilitate the portable, continuous delivery of applications (DevOps) across their entire lifecycle. In short, they empower a much higher level of agility and accuracy for business in the cloud.
The growing impact of TOSCA has already inspired an OASIS Interop with six vendors demonstrating cross-cloud interoperability, an ODCA Proof-of-Concept demonstration, and several open source projects. This lively and fast-paced session is suitable for both business and technology focused thought-leaders, and will provide you with a better understanding of the potential and business impact of TOSCA.
Cloud-computing applications are characterized by stateful access, with differentiated service levels, charged to the end user using the pay-per-use pricing model. Implicit in this model is the assumption that a cloud application is always on. Scaling the cloud delivery model to an Internet scale (millions of users) is a challenge that next-generation Layer 4–7 infrastructure needs to overcome.
This presentation provides the latest information on the OASIS Topology Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA) v1.0 standard. TOSCA is a standard language used to describe a topology of cloud based web services, their components, relationships, and the processes that manage them. Key TOSCA concepts such as operational policy modeling, declarative composition and lifecycle management are covered along with the benefits both cloud customers and providers derive from using this standard. In addition, open source tooling support for TOSCA in projects such as OpenStack and the newly announced Aria project from Cloudify are discussed. Insight is given to the direction of the v1.1 specification and its timeline.
Review and Classification of Cloud Computing Researchiosrjce
IOSR journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSRJVSP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of VLSI Design & Signal Processing. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced VLSI Design & Signal Processing concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Design and realization of microelectronic systems using VLSI/ULSI technologies require close collaboration among scientists and engineers in the fields of systems architecture, logic and circuit design, chips and wafer fabrication, packaging, testing and systems applications. Generation of specifications, design and verification must be performed at all abstraction levels, including the system, register-transfer, logic, circuit, transistor and process levels
Cloud computing is the hottest topic in IT. It is virtually impossible to read a trade publication or
attend an IT conference and not be overwhelmed by discussions of the advantages and benefits
of cloud computing. In spite of all of the interest, there is still considerable confusion and
disagreement within the IT industry about the definition of cloud computing. The Cloud
Computing Journal, for example, published an article that included 21 definitions of cloud
computing. 1
Though there is confusion about the definition, the goal of cloud computing is quite clear – to
achieve an order of magnitude improvement in the cost-effective, elastic provisioning and
delivery of IT services.
This Object Management Group (OMG) RFP solicits submissions identifying and defining mechanisms to achieve integration between DDS infrastructures and TSN networks. The goal is to provide all artifacts needed to support the design, deployment and execution of DDS systems over TSN networks.
The DDS-TSN integration specification sought shall realize the following functionality:
● Define mechanisms that provide the information required for TSN-enabled networks to calculate any network schedules needed to deploy a DDS system.
OMG RFP
● Identify those parts of the set of the IEEE TSN standards that are relevant for a DDS-TSN integration and indicate how the DDS aspects are mapped onto, or related to, the associated TSN aspects. Examples include TSN- standardized information models for calculating system-wide schedules and configuring network equipment.
● Identify and specify necessary extensions to the [DDSI-RTPS] and [DDS- SECURITY] specifications, if any, to allow DDS infrastructures to use TSN- enabled networks as their transport while maintaining interoperability between different DDS implementations.
● Identify and specify necessary extensions to the DDS and DDS- XML specification, if any, to allow declaration of TSN-specific properties or quality of service attributes.
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Jorge cardoso caise-usdl-tosca-2013-06-18c
1. Jorge Cardoso (1,2), Tobias Binz (3), Uwe Breitenbucher (3), Oliver Kopp (3) Frank Leymann (3)
(1) CISUC/Dept. Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Portugal
(2) Karlsruhe Service Research Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
jorge.cardoso@kit.edu
jcardoso@dei.uc.pt
(3) Institute of Architecture of Application Systems, University of Stuttgart, Germany
{lastname}@iaas.uni-stuttgart.de
Cloud Computing Automation:
Integrating USDL and TOSCA
Departamento de Engenharia Informática
FCTUC FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS E TECNOLOGIA da UNIVERSIDADE DE COIMBRA
Institute of Architecture of Application Systems (IAAS)
Universität Stuttgart, Germany
Cloud Computing Automation: Integrating USDL and TOSCA, J. Cardoso,T. Binz, U.
Breitenbucher, O. Kopp, F. Leymann, CAiSE 2013, Springer, LNCS 7908, pp. 1—16.
2. Standardization
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 2
See also http://cloud-standards.orgBMWi: The standardisation environment for cloud computing. Technical report, Germany
Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (Feb. 2012)
3. Interoperability
• Standards are being
developed in isolation
• It is not clear to which
extend they can be
integrated
• Lack of certainty as to
which standards can
inter-operate
• Streamline the lifecycle
of cloud applications
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 3
Standardization
does not
imply interoperability
Definition (Interoperability): the ability of various systems
and organizations to work together (inter-operate)
4. Motivation (1)
• Discovery, Selection and
Customization
– Done manually by consumers
• Keyword querying
– No advanced mechanism
• Multiple queries
– Different marketplaces use
different query interfaces
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 4
AppDirect
Google
5. Motivation (2)
• After a purchase decision...
– Customization
– Deployment
– Management
• No …
• Formalization of the
executables
• Management best practices
• Etc.
• Problem
– Manual
– Error-prone
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 5
Exceptions: Saleforce, Google Apps,
Microsoft Office 365, etc.
6. BMWi: The standardisation environment for cloud computing. Technical report, Germany
Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (Feb. 2012)
“In the course of the six
months in which the study
was produced, a lot of new
publications appeared, not
all of which could be taken
into account”
(e. g. TOSCA,
http://www.oasis-
open.org/committees/tosca/)
6
7. Research Question
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 7
When used in conjunction, can they automate
parts of the lifecycle of cloud applications,
namely discovery, selection, deployment, and
management?
Can USDL and TOSCA be integrated seamlessly?
How can interoperability be achieved?
What are the challenges?
8. Approach
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 8
DISCOVERY
AND
SELECTION
DEPLOYMENT
AND
MANAGEMENT
USDL/Service Description
TOSCA/Service Management
Use Case
9. Describes the structure of an
application and its management
(which is executable)
Goal >>
Portability and full-automated
management of applications
Describes the functional and non-
functional requirements, capabilities,
and interactions of a service
Goal >>
Description of a cloud service to make
it searchable, comparable, and
tradable
Topology Management Plans
…
Interaction &
functional capabilities
Offerings
Interactions
Providers
…
Non-functional
capabilities
Pricing
Legal
Service Level
Topology and Orchestration Specification
for Cloud Applications
10. 2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 10
USDL:Core
Master Schema
11. Linked USDL
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 11
http://www.linked-usdl.org/ https://github.com/linked-usdl/
12. TOSCA
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 12
OsApache
(OperatingSystem)
VmApache
(VirtualMachine)
ApacheWebServer
(ApacheWebServer)
(HostedOn)(InstalledIn)
SugarCrmApp
(SugarCrmApp)
PhpModule
(PhpModule)
(DependsOn)
OsMySql
(OperatingSystem)
VmMySql
(VirtualMachine)
MySql
(MySqlRDBMS)
SugarCrmDb
(SugarCrmDb)
(HostedOn)
(DbConnection)
Acquire
VM
Install
OS on
VM
Install &
Start Web
Server
Install
PHP
Module
Deploy
PHP
App Establish
DB
ConnectionInstall
OS on
VM
Install & Start
MySQL
RDBMS
Create
SugarCRM
DB Module
Build Plan
Topology
Acquire
VM
SugarCRM
13. Solution
• How to access service descriptions in a dynamic world?
– Global service identification and service description access
using Linked USDL
• What if the provider has ceased its operations and
transferred its obligations to some other provider? Who still
handle the original functions?
• Intelligent routing of service requests
• What would happen if the TOSCA descriptor associated
with a USDL description would no longer be valid?
– Dynamic binding of deployment descriptors
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 13
WWW + Semantic web = Distributed, scalable, reliable,
extensible, …[11]
14. Service Cloud
USDL-based Marketplace
USDL-based Service Offerings
Billing / CRM System
UI
…
Service 1
Service N
TOSCA-based Provider
TOSCA Service Archives
T
T
…
Service 1
Service N
TOSCA Runtime Environment
Global
Routing
Layer
Local
Routing
Layer
Cloud Management System
USDL URI … Provider Endpoint
http://sugarcrm.org?enterprise … 192.182.1.3
http://redmine.org?professional … 147.11.4.79
TOSCA Routing Layer
USDL URI … Plan Endpoint
http://sugarcrm.org?enterprise … 111.121.12.1/SugarCRMPlan
http://redmine.org?professional … 111.121.12.1/RedminePlan
SIOPP
Architecture
Reasoning
Engine
Reasoning
Engine
Routing
Table
Routing
Table
5
4
32
1
6
7
14
15. Service Identification & Access
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research
15
Cloud
USDL-compliant
http://rdfs.genssiz.org/SugarCRM?
pricePlan=pricing_SugarCRM_Ultimate
5
4
3
2
1
Query strings
are a W3C recommendation
Service offerings are
modeled with Linked USDL
A. Simple way to create unique global
identifiers for services. Compared to,
e.g., a universally unique identifier
(UUID), Linked USDL URIs are more
adequate to service distribution
networks since they are managed
locally by service providers
B. The HTTP URI also serves as endpoint
to provide uniform data access to the
service description. A Linked USDL URI
can be used by, e.g., RDF search engines,
and web query agents looking for cloud
service descriptions
6
16. Benefits
• Global service identification and remote description access
– Unique service identification schema using Linked USDL URIs
– Uniform data access [12] to service descriptions using Linked USDL HTTP URIs
– Decentralized management of unique service identifiers is scalable
• Intelligent routing of service requests
– SPARQL for the content-based routing [14]
– Flexible querying mechanism (cf. web APIs)
– Full access to the service specifications is possible remotely
• Dynamic binding of deployment descriptors
– Publish-subscribe pattern [15]
– Scalable by distributing USDL requests to TOSCA Runtime Environments
– Higher degree of decoupling (cf. BPM or integration by web services)
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 16
17. Intelligent Routing of Service
Requests
• Separation of Concerns (routing logic)
– GRL -- high level information
• e.g., information about the country of the provider for legal aspects
– LRL -- lower level aspects
• e.g., load balancing information
– TRL -- management actions
• e.g., implementing security aspecTOSCA ts directly in management plans
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 19
Runtime Environment
TOSCA Routing Layer
Marketplace
Global Routing Layer
Provider
Local Routing Layer
Service 1
Service 2
…
18. Intelligent Routing of Service
Requests
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 20
20
TOSCA-based Provider
TOSCA Service Archives
T
T
…
Service 1
Service N
TOSCA Runtime Environment
Local
Routing
Layer
TOSCA Routing Layer
USDL URI … Plan Endpoint
http://sugarcrm.org?enterprise … 111.121.12.1/SugarCRMPlan
http://redmine.org?professional … 111.121.12.1/RedminePlan
Reasoning
Engine
Routing
Table
5
4
6
7
Acquire
VM
Install
OS on
VM
Install &
Start Web
Server
Install
PHP
Module
Deploy
PHP
App
Establish
DB
Connection
Install
OS on
VM
Install & Start
MySQL RDBMS
Create
SugarCRM
DB Module
Build Plan
Acquire
VM
A SPARQL query to inquire
about the options
input message used by the build plan
to deploy SugarCRM on Amazon EC2
19. Benefits
• Global service identification and remote description access
– Unique service identification schema using Linked USDL URIs
– Uniform data access [12] to service descriptions using Linked USDL HTTP URIs
– Decentralized management of unique service identifiers is scalable
• Intelligent routing of service requests
– SPARQL for the content-based routing [14]
– Flexible querying mechanism (cf. web APIs)
– Full access to the service specifications is possible remotely
• Dynamic binding of deployment descriptors
– Publish-subscribe pattern [15]
– Scalable by distributing USDL requests to TOSCA Runtime Environments
– Higher degree of decoupling (cf. BPM or integration by web services)
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 21
20. Performance
• Settings
– Win7-64bit, JRE 1.7, Intel i5-2410M, 2,3GHz.
– GRL: hash table with 500,000 entries and looked up 5,000 entries
– LRL: hash table with 10,000 entries and looked up 1,000 entries
• GRL: 3 ms
• LRL: 2 ms
• Build plan adaptation: 289 ms (σ = 76)
• Deployment: 4-7 min
– Depends on the provisioning
time of the VMs at Amazon EC2
• Conclusions
– In our scenario, the overhead, even for peak demands, is negligible
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 23
21. Limitations
• Scalability
– Adopt a peer-to-peer architecture using an overlay network
• e.g., use the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS)
– Network partitioned according to service domains
• e.g., healthcare, finance, and logistics
– Route requests domain to domain/subdomains using SKOS
• e.g., skos:narrower and skos:member
• Customization
– The customization string works well with simple customization
– Inadequate for condition-based based customization
• i.e. if logical conditions need to be sent along with service requests
• Inputs to build plans
– Associating USDL URIs with concrete input values for build plans has been found to
be difficult if there is no description on how the values affect the deployment
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 24
22. Conclusion
• We explored the interoperability of two cloud specifications
– Linked USDL and TOSCA
• Solution
– Open and decentralized
– Semantic web and Linked Data technologies
– Link description/customization with deployment/management
• Results
– Interoperability is possible
– End-to-end solutions can be developed
– Engineered solution
– Support the lifecycle of cloud services
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 25
24. References
• 10. Cardoso, J.; Barros, A.; May, N. and Kylau, U.Towards a Unified Service
Description Language for the Internet of Services: Requirements and First
Developments. In IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, IEEE
Computer Society Press, Florida, USA, 2010.
• 11. Hors, A.L., Nally, M.: Using read/write Linked Data for Application Integration:
Towards a Linked Data Basic Profile. In: Linked Data on the Web (2012)
• 12. Ziegler, P., Dittrich, K.:Three decades of data intecration – all problems solved?
In: Jacquart, R. (ed.) Building the Information Society. IFIP, vol. 156, pp. 3–12.
Springer, Boston (2004)
• 14. Carzaniga, A., Rutherford, M.J.,Wolf, A.L.: A routing scheme for content-based
networking. In: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2004, Hong Kong, China (2004)
• 15. Hohpe, G.,Woolf, B.: Enterprise Integration Patterns: Designing, Building, and
Deploying Messaging Solutions. Addison-Wesley, Boston (2003)
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 27
26. BMWi: The standardisation environment for cloud computing. Technical report, Germany
Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (Feb. 2012)
Standardization
Fig 7. Involvement of the
standardisation organisations
in cloud computing
29
28. 2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 31
challengers leaders
niche players visionaries
Complexity of the model
Completenessofthemodel
OWL-S
WSDL
SAWSDL
hREST
WSMO-Lite
USDL v1
USDL v2
Linked USDL
USDL v3
microWSMO
REST
29. 2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 32
Complexity vs Acceptance
http://craft.de/simplizitaet/
WO IST WAS?
WSDL
OWL-S
WSMO
SAWDL
WSMO Lite
REST
hREST
microWSMO
„Ok, but I need more…“
„Nice improvement.“
„Cool“
„I‘m a hero“ „I have to look it up in the manual…“
„Where the heck do I find it?“
„I can‘t even do the
simplest things….“
I‘m a looser
Maximum Customer Satisfaction
COMPLEXITY
ACCEPTANCE
31. LINKED USDL MODULES
• USDL-Core
• USDL-Pricing
• USDL-SLA
22.05.2013 Service Oriented Computing II – SS 2013
• Additional modules
– USDL-Legal
• Domain specific
– USDL-EDU
– USDL-Logistics
32. TOSCA
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 35
Service Structure Service Orchestration for
Deployment & Management
Start VM
Install
Tomcat
OperatingSystem
(Ubuntu 12.04 LTS)
VirtualServer
(AWS EC2 Server)
WebServer
(Tomcat)
EC2
33. TOSCA Topology Concepts
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 36
Application
(WAR)
OperatingSystem
(Ubuntu 12.04 LTS)
VirtualServer
(AWS EC2 Server)
WebServer
(Tomcat)
EC2
Node Template
Relationship Template
Node Type
hosted-on
ubuntu.amiubuntu.ami
app.war
Deployment Artifacts
AppSpecific
Deploy
Start, Stop
installPkg
Terminate
CreateVM
execScript
Management Operations
34. SugarCRM/Use Case/Silver
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 37
OperatingSystem
(OperatingSystem)
VirtualMachine
(VirtualMachine)
(HostedOn)
ApacheWebServer
(ApacheWebServer)
(HostedOn)
SugarCrmApp
(SugarCrmApp)
(HostedOn)
PhpModule
(PhpModule)
(InstalledIn)
(DependsOn)
MySql
(MySqlRDBMS)
(HostedOn)
SugarCrmDb
(SugarCrmDb)
(HostedOn)
(MySqlDbConnection)
35. Intelligent Routing
• Listing 1.3 shows an example of an
input message used by the build plan to
deploy SugarCRM on Amazon EC2
(described in Section 3.4).
• The message contains credentials of the
Amazon account to be used (line 2 and
3), the geographic region where the
virtual machines should be located
(line 4), and a pointer to the USDL
offering (line 5).
• The USDL URI is used by the plan to
query the Linked USDL offering by
using SPARQL and adjust the
deployment.
• In our prototype, deciding between the
deployment options enterprise or
ultimate is done based on the selected
USDL pricing plan.
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 38
Acquire
VM
Install OS
on VM
Install & Start Web
Server
Install PHP
Module
Deploy PHP
App
Establish
DB Connection
Install OS
on VM
Install & Start MySQL RDBMS
Create
SugarCRM
DB Module
Build Plan
Acquire
VM
36. Intelligent Routing
• Listing 1.4 shows the SPARQL
query used by the build plan
to inquire about the options
which are attached to the
pricing plan included by the
(customized) USDL URI.
• The options are then installed
automatically.
2013 Genessiz: Center for Large-Scale Service System Research 39