Feed Testing and Feed Mill Biosecurity - Jordan Gebhardt, from the 2018 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 15-18, 2018, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2018-leman-swine-conference-material

1. Feed Testing and
Feed Mill Biosecurity
Jordan Gebhardt
Steve Dritz
Cassie Jones
Megan Niederwerder
Jason Woodworth
2018 Allen D. Leman
Swine Conference

2. Addressing Feed Safety
1. Is it likely to
get infected?
2. Can it
survive?
3. Is it
infectious?
4. How can it
be prevented?
5. How can it
be mitigated?

3. 1. Is it likely to
get infected?
– Examples:
• Higher Risk:
– Rice hulls and corn cob carriers from FAD-
positive countries
• Lower Risk:
– Synthetic amino acids from same countries
packaged in individual, single-use bags
• What ingredients do you utilize that are at risk for
getting infected with the pathogen of concern?

4. – Red = Detectable
virus after min. 37 d
– Green = Non-
detectable virus
after min. 37 d
• Insufficient data
on pathogen ×
ingredient ×
environment
2. Can it
survive?
2. Can it
survive?
Ingredient FMD CSF ASF PRV PEDV
Corn
Soybean meal
DDGS
Wheat midds
Fish meal
Porcine plasma
Whey
Choice white grease
Monocal P
Limestone
Salt
Vitamin premix
TM premix
Choline Cl
L-Lys
DL-Met
L-Thr
CTC
Adapted from Dee et al., 2018;
Dee et al., 2016; Cochrane et al., 2016

5. • Observations about ingredients
that tend to harbor virus:
– High protein (esp. natural protein)
– Relatively large surface area:mass
(soybean meal > soybeans)
• Exposure to protein residues?
– Porcine-based
– Microingredients with carriers
2. Can it
survive?
2. Can it
survive?
Whole Soybean
Soybean Meal

6. Cochrane et al., 2016
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
0 10 20 30 40
Cyclethreshold,Ct
Day post-inoculation
Porcine-free diet
Avian blood meal
Porcine meat and bone meal
Spray dried porcine plasma
Ingredient × day, P < 0.0001
Cochrane et al., 2016
2. Can it survive?
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
0 10 20 30 40
Cyclethreshold,Ct Day post-inoculation
Porcine-free diet
Spray dried porcine plasma
Ingredient × day, P < 0.001
Gebhardt et al., 2018

7. Cochrane et al., 2016Cochrane et al., 2016
3. Is it infectious?
Gebhardt et al., 2018
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
0 10 20 30 40
Cyclethreshold,Ct
Day Post-Inoculation
Porcine-free diet
Avian blood meal
Porcine meat and bone meal
Spray dried porcine plasma
Cochrane et al., 2016; MID, Schumacher et al., 2016
MID?
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
0 10 20 30 40
Cyclethreshold,Ct Day post-inoculation
Porcine-free diet
Spray dried porcine plasma
Gebhardt et al., 2018; MID: Schumacher et al., 2016
= Positive bioassay = Negative bioassay

8. • Establish infectivity (VI or bioassay)
• Identify infectious dose
3. Is it
infectious?
Pathogen Feed MID Source
Indiana PEDV 101.0 TCID50 Schumacher et al., 2016
East African ASFV 102.9 HAD50 Parker et al., 1969
Malawi ASFV
102.0 to 105.0 HAD50
based on method
Howey et al, 2013
Tanzania ASFV 105.4 HAD50 Greig, 1972

9. • Exclusion
– New biosecurity audit is posted at www.ksuswine.org
4. How can it
be prevented?

10. Limit animal proteins in feeding
programs:
• PEDV and ASFV show affinity for survival and transmission in
porcine-based ingredients.
• Little to no impact on pig performance with lower cost.
4. How can it
be prevented?

11. • Quarantine5. How can it
be mitigated?

12. • Point-in-Time
– Dilute to below minimum infectious dose
– Irradiate
– Heat
5. How can it
be mitigated?
• Quarantine
• Point-in-Time

13. 5. How can it
be mitigated?
• Residual
– Acids and alkalis
– Essential oils
– Formaldehyde-based products
– Medium chain fatty acids
PEDV
ASFV
• Quarantine
• Point-in-Time
• Residual

14. Conclusions
• Feed is one of many potential vectors of pathogens
• Limited information about all 5 steps
– Exclusion of high risk ingredients from high risk countries is
currently best strategy
– Improve supplier communications
– Ramp up biosecurity
– Consider feed/environment testing
– Consider proactive mitigants
– Stay tuned as more research is reported

15. www.ksuswine.org
Questions?