This document is a handbook for Jolly Grammar 4 that covers spelling rules and grammar concepts such as parts of speech, verb tenses, suffixes, homophones, adjectives and parsing sentences. It includes lists of consonant and vowel diagraphs, long vowel sounds, suffixes, irregular verbs and their tenses. Examples are provided to illustrate spelling rules, comparative adjectives, and identifying subjects and objects in sentences. The handbook is intended to teach students spelling and grammar.

1. Jolly Grammar 4 Handbook
Created by Fiona Kent for Penneshaw Campus 2016

2. ng ch sh th qu
Consonant diagraphs

3. or oo oi er ar
Vowel diagraphs

4. ai ay a_e
Alternative long ‘a’ vowel sounds
The ‘ai’ sound is usually in the middle of a word. Shy ‘i’
versus the toughy ‘y’.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6i967gbqhs

5. ee ea e_e
Alternative long ‘e’ vowel sounds
The ‘ee’ sound is the most common long ‘e’ vowel sound.

6. ie y igh i_e
Alternative long ‘i’ vowel sounds

7. oa ow o_e
Alternative long ‘o’ vowel sounds

8. ue ew u_e
Alternative long ‘u’ vowel sounds

9. Spelling1
Jolly Grammar 4

10. ch sh th
Consonant diagraphs

11. babyish gibberish
bullish outlandish
fiftyish famish
Suffix: ish
Turns a noun into an adjective

12. cheerless
peerless
motionless
Suffix: less
Means ‘without’

13. bashful
faithful
Suffix: ful
“full of,” “characterized by” ( shameful; beautiful; careful;
thoughtful);
“tending to,” “able to” ( wakeful; harmful);
“as much as will fill” ( spoonful).

14. fishy stinky
smelly noisy
leafy
Suffix: y
Add ‘y’ to a noun to create an adjective

15. Noun verb pronoun adjective
adverb conjunction preposition
To parse a sentence means to
identify each part
I loathe fishy anchovy on my
pizza.
I loathe fishy anchovy on my
pizza.

16. ‘to cook’ is the infinitive tense of
the verb
cook is a verb
Verbs describe what is
happening in the past, present
or future.

17. We are learning how verbs can be
conjugated in two ways: simple or
continuous
Simple Tense Continuous Tense
Past I cooked lunch. I was cooking lunch.
Present I cook lunch. I am cooking lunch.
Future I will cook lunch. I will be cooking lunch.

18. Spelling 2
Jolly Grammar 4

19. to is a preposition
too means as well as or also
two a number after one
for can be a preposition or conjunction
four a number after three
fore the front part or in front
their belonging to someone
there indicates location
Homophones: words that sound the same
yet have different spellings and meanings.

20. they’re the contraction of ‘they are’
our belonging to us
are a conjugation of ‘be’
die a verb meaning death
dye a tint to change colour
mail letter posted to another person
male indicates the masculine gender
Homophones: words that sound the same
yet have different spellings and meanings.

21. stake a piece of wood pierced into something
steak a particular cut of meat
waste unwanted or left over items
waist located between the hips and ribs
thyme a herb
time indicates duration or a moment
groan a noise when in pain
grown increased or enlarged
Homophones: words that sound the same
yet have different spellings and meanings.

22. air the gases in the atmosphere we breathe
heir someone who inherits something
wait to pause
weight how heavy something is
bazaar a market place or group of shops
bizarre unusual or out of character
Homophones: words that sound the same
yet have different spellings and meanings.

23. Noun verb pronoun adjective
adverb conjunction preposition
To parse a sentence means to
identify each part
He will treat Zack to an ice-
cream sundae on Sunday.
He will treat Zack to an ice-
cream sundae on Sunday.

24. ‘to help’ is the infinitive tense of the
verb
help is a verb
Verbs describe what is
happening in the past, present
or future.

25. brushed ignored
painted hummed
collected walked
Suffix: ed
Add ‘ed’ to a verb to show that the action has already
happened

26. to run ran
to see saw
to see have seen
Suffix: ed
Some verbs are irregular and do not have –ed added

27. We are learning how verbs can be
conjugated in two ways: simple or
continuous
Simple Tense Continuous Tense
Past I helped my dad. I was helping my dad.
Present I help my dad. I am helping my dad.
Future I will help my dad. I will be helping my dad.

28. Spelling 3
Jolly Grammar 4

29. tch is usually after a
single vowel letter with a
short sound otherwise a
ch is used
Consonant diagraphs

30. nch the ‘n’ is hard to
hear so listen carefully
when sounding and
blending
Consonant diagraphs

31. qu almost sounds like
there is a ‘w’ sound so
don’t be fooled. There is
always a vowel after qu
Consonant diagraphs

32. wr the ‘w’ is almost silent
Consonant diagraphs

33. eo makes a short ‘e’ sound
in the following words:
luncheon pigeon surgeon
leopard bludgeon jeopardy
escutcheon
Alternatives

34. a makes an short ‘ar’ sound
in some regions:
rancher enchantment
dancer graph
lance
Alternatives

35. Adjectives can be made into
comparatives or superlatives
comparative superlative
crunchy crunchier crunchiest
fishy fishier fishiest
old older oldest
grand grander grandest
blue bluer bluest
windy windier windiest
cold colder coldest

36. Noun verb pronoun adjective
adverb conjunction preposition
To parse a sentence means to
identify each part
I drenched the crunchy lettuce in
my lunchbox in French dressing.
I drenched the crunchy lettuce
in my lunchbox in French
dressing.Note: ‘the’ is a definite article

37. The subject is usually written
before the verb in the sentence.
How to find the subject and object
of a sentence.
The object is usually the ‘thing’ the verb
acted on and is written after the verb.
subject
Martha
object
brother
Martha annoyed her brother.