The document summarizes the joints of the sternum and ribs. It describes the manubriosternal joint and xiphisternal joint as the two cartilaginous joints of the sternum. It also details the three types of joints of the ribs: costovertebral joints between the ribs and vertebrae, costochondral joints between ribs and costal cartilages, and sternocostal joints between the sternum and costal cartilages. The joints allow for slight mobility and rotation of the ribs during respiration. Rarely, an extra cervical rib can compress nearby nerves and blood vessels.

2. JOINTS OF STERNUM
1. MANUBRIOSTERNAL JOINT:
 2ndary cartilaginous joint, symphysis
 between Manubrium and body of Sternum
2. XIPHISTERNAL JOINT
 Primary cartilaginous joint
 between Xiphoid process and body of Sternum
 The Xiphoid process usually fuses with the bodyof the
Sternum during middleage

3. JOINTS OF RIBS
1. COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS:
 2 joints between heads of the Ribs and bodiesof
Vertebrae (corresponding and upper)- Plane,Synovial
joints
 1st, 10th, 11th and 12th rib has 1 synovial joint with the
corresponding vertebra, the rest have 2 each; one forthe
corresponding vertebra and the other for the vertebra
above it
 1 joint between tubercle of Ribs and transverse
process of Vertebra (corresponding) – Plane,Synovial
joint(1st- 10th Rib)
 Intraarticular ligamentconnects head of Rib to the
intervertebral disc

6. JOINTS OF RIBS
2. COSTOCHONDRAL JOINTS:
 Joints of the Ribs with costalcartilages
 Primary Cartilaginous joints
3. STERNOCOSTAL JOINTS:
 Joints between Sternum and costalcartilages
 1st : Primary Cartilaginousjoint
 2nd – 10th : Plane, Synovial joints=
2nd-7th costal cartilages with Sternum
8th-10th costal cartilages with eachother
(11th and 12th costal cartilages are embedded in muscles)

8. MOVEMENTS
 Cartilaginous joints are immobile (thus 1st riband
all costochondral joints do not move during
respiration)
 Synovial joints are slightly mobile (due to
movements in both the joints between head,
tubercleand vertebrae, necksof Ribs rotatealong
their axis, helping in raising and lowering of ribs
during respiration)

9. Cervical Rib (Accessory Rib)
 Occurs in 0.5% population
 There is an extra pairof ribs justabove the 1st rib
 Theyarise from the transverse processof C7 vertebrae
 Anteriorly, they may be attached to 1st Ribor may be
free
 Clinical Anatomy: Cervical Rib may compressBrachial
plexus/Subclavian artery; causing Klumpke’s
paralysis/Ischemia