Joint sector industries are owned jointly by the government and private individuals, combining the merits of public and private sectors. Ownership is distributed between various public and private stakeholders, with no single party holding more than 25% without government approval. Joint sector industries aim to provide social control over industries while taking advantage of both public and private investment to promote industrial growth and development. However, they also face issues like potential corruption, lack of quality control, and limitations of both public and private sectors.

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2.  Joint sector industries are owned jointly by the
government and private individuals who have
contributed to the capital.
 In joint sector, both public sector and private
sector join hands to establish new enterprise. It
combines merits of both public and private
sector.The concept of joint sector matches with
the concept of mixed economy.
 As mixed economy is the combination of both
capitalism and socialism, joint sector is
combination of both public sector and private
sector.
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3. In joint sector financial participation is 26 % from
the government, 25% from private enterprise and
49% from public and financial institutions.
In case of a foreign collaboration or participation
with domestic partner, the share of government
will be 25% ,Indian business concern 20%, foreign
investor 20% and public 35% in the paid up capital.
No single party can hold more than 25% of the
shares without the sanction of central government.
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4.  Social control over industries
 Failures of Private and Public sector
 Compromise and solution of both sector
 Instrument of industrial growth and regional
development
 Strategy of state sponsored industrialization
 Removal of the contradictions involved in the
concept of mixed economy
 Mobilization of financial,Technical and
managerial Resources
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5.  Corruption
 Quality of services
 Evaluation
 Wealth creation
 Monopoly
 Drawbacks of Public sector
 Limitations of private sector.
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6.  It refers to the sector which is voluntary
association of persons owned and managed
for their or sometimes the communities
benefit.A cooperative is a legal entity with
severalCorporate features, such as limited
liability, an unlimited life span, an elected
board of directors. Members or Owners pay
annual fees to the cooperative and share
profits.
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7.  A cooperative organization is an association of
persons, usually of limited means, who have
voluntarily joined to achieve a common economic and
through the formation of a democratically controlled
organization , making equitable contributions to the
capital required and accepting a fair share of risks and
benefits of the undertaking.
 Co-operatives are autonomous associations formed
and democratically directed by people who come
together to meet common economic, social, and
cultural needs. Founded on the principle of
participatory governance, co-ops are governed by
those who use their services: their members.
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8.  Voluntary association
 Open membership
 Legal entity
 Equal voting right
 Service Motive
 Co-operation among Co-operatives
 Concern for community
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9.  Consumer’s Cooperative Societies
 Producer’s Cooperative Societies
 Marketing Cooperative Societies
 Housing Cooperative Societies
 Credit Cooperative Societies
 Cooperative Framing Societies
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10.  Easy Formation
 Open membership
 Democratic Control
 Limited liability
 Elimination of Middlemen’s profit
 StateAssistance
 Stable Life
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11.  LimitedCapital
 Problems in management
 Lack of motivation
 Lack of Cooperation
 Dependence on government
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12.  Amul (Anand Milk Union Limited), formed in
1946, is a Dairy co-operative movement in
India.Which today is jointly owned by some
2.6 million milk producers in Gujarat , India.
 Indian Coffee House
 Adrash Co-operative Bank
 Shri MahilaGriha Udyog Lijjat Papad
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13.  References
 Business Environment byVeera karoli
 Business Environment by Rosy Joshi &
Sangam kapoor
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