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Dr. Samuel Johnson, Lives of Poets-
Literary Criticism
Samuel Johnson-1709-1784
-Most widely known figure among the Augustans
-Believed that literature is born out of life and experiences
-truth was his guardian angel and he tried to bring out
truth of human existence in a new and original way
through his works
-therefore he relied mostly on biographical criticism.
- Admired writings having a universal appeal.
Dr. Johnson brought a definite status to English Criticism.
-Modern criticism begins with Dr. Johnson
-- Greatest Work Lives of Poets- testimony of his
greatness.
-- believed that the aim of criticism was to establish laws
with which the excellence of a work was determined.
--was a historical critic par excellence.
Three phases of criticism in his life
1.The periodical essays in Rambler(1750-52)-
contains his critical theory
2.The Dictionary (1755)-scholarly pursuit
3. The Lives of Poets (1779-81)-shows his strength
as a judge of poets and writers of reputation.
Lives of poets(1779-81)
-magnum Opus- devoted to criticism at his best age
James Boswell calls it “the richest, most beautiful and
perfect production of Johnson’s pen.”
-Commissioned by a committee of booksellers in
London to review works of poets from Chaucer to the
present day.
-- originally meant to be a biographical preface but then
reissued seperately.
-- dropped medieval and renaissance poets and chose
52 lives from Cowley to Gray
The Lives of poets are arranged
in order of the dates of their
death.
Follows a pattern of three
division
•Biography
•Character
•Criticism
24/52 lives followed the three part division.
In his Lives, he wrote the cultural and
intellectual history of England through
different poets.
One of the most truthful and reliable critic
of his time.
-attacked Milton’s Lycidas as the emotions
expressed in it seemed insincere to him
-calls into question the moral purpose of
Shakespeare in his Preface to shakespeare.
As a critic, he aimed at
-purity in diction and use of
language.
For him “the essence of poetry is
invention,by producing
something unexpected surprises
and delights.”
His works were firmly grounded
on morality and moral
commitment and universal
nature.
Lives Of Poets
Lives of the Most Eminent English
Poets (1779–81), alternatively known by
the shorter title Lives of the Poets, is a
work by Samuel Johnson comprising
short biographies and critical
appraisals of 52 poets, most of whom
lived during the eighteenth century.
These were arranged, approximately, by
date of death.
As interesting as the list of those included in the
volumes is the roll call of those omitted. Readers in
the 18th century took offense at what they considered
the rough style and lack of decorum of many writers
regarded today as masters of literature.
Since Johnson wanted to please his contemporaries,
he intentionally left out great poets such as Geoffrey
Chaucer, Edmund Spenser, John Donne, and even
William Shakespeare
Johnson’s personal dislike of some of the poets whose lives he
wrote, such as John Milton and Thomas Gray, has been used as a
basis for arguing that he was prejudiced against their poetry, but too
much has been made of this.
•His opinions of a poet and his work diverge at times as, for example,
in the case of Collins. Johnson liked the man but disapproved of his
poetic manner: “he puts his words out of the common order, seeming
to think, with some later candidates for fame, that not to write prose is
certainly to write poetry.”
•He was justly proud of The Life of Cowley, especially of its lengthy
discussion of the 17th-century Metaphysical poets, of whom Cowley
may be considered the last representative.
Although some have spoken of Johnson as
a “literary dictator,” he rejected the role for
himself and in general spoke against the
notion of enforcing precepts.
As a critic and editor, through his
Dictionary, his edition of Shakespeare, and
his Lives of the Poets in particular, he
helped invent what we now call “English
Literature.”
THANK
YOU!!

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Johnson by Anuja Raj

  • 1. Dr. Samuel Johnson, Lives of Poets- Literary Criticism
  • 2. Samuel Johnson-1709-1784 -Most widely known figure among the Augustans -Believed that literature is born out of life and experiences -truth was his guardian angel and he tried to bring out truth of human existence in a new and original way through his works -therefore he relied mostly on biographical criticism. - Admired writings having a universal appeal.
  • 3. Dr. Johnson brought a definite status to English Criticism. -Modern criticism begins with Dr. Johnson -- Greatest Work Lives of Poets- testimony of his greatness. -- believed that the aim of criticism was to establish laws with which the excellence of a work was determined. --was a historical critic par excellence.
  • 4. Three phases of criticism in his life 1.The periodical essays in Rambler(1750-52)- contains his critical theory 2.The Dictionary (1755)-scholarly pursuit 3. The Lives of Poets (1779-81)-shows his strength as a judge of poets and writers of reputation.
  • 5. Lives of poets(1779-81) -magnum Opus- devoted to criticism at his best age James Boswell calls it “the richest, most beautiful and perfect production of Johnson’s pen.” -Commissioned by a committee of booksellers in London to review works of poets from Chaucer to the present day. -- originally meant to be a biographical preface but then reissued seperately. -- dropped medieval and renaissance poets and chose 52 lives from Cowley to Gray
  • 6.
  • 7. The Lives of poets are arranged in order of the dates of their death. Follows a pattern of three division •Biography •Character •Criticism
  • 8. 24/52 lives followed the three part division. In his Lives, he wrote the cultural and intellectual history of England through different poets. One of the most truthful and reliable critic of his time. -attacked Milton’s Lycidas as the emotions expressed in it seemed insincere to him -calls into question the moral purpose of Shakespeare in his Preface to shakespeare.
  • 9. As a critic, he aimed at -purity in diction and use of language. For him “the essence of poetry is invention,by producing something unexpected surprises and delights.” His works were firmly grounded on morality and moral commitment and universal nature.
  • 10. Lives Of Poets Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets (1779–81), alternatively known by the shorter title Lives of the Poets, is a work by Samuel Johnson comprising short biographies and critical appraisals of 52 poets, most of whom lived during the eighteenth century. These were arranged, approximately, by date of death.
  • 11. As interesting as the list of those included in the volumes is the roll call of those omitted. Readers in the 18th century took offense at what they considered the rough style and lack of decorum of many writers regarded today as masters of literature. Since Johnson wanted to please his contemporaries, he intentionally left out great poets such as Geoffrey Chaucer, Edmund Spenser, John Donne, and even William Shakespeare
  • 12. Johnson’s personal dislike of some of the poets whose lives he wrote, such as John Milton and Thomas Gray, has been used as a basis for arguing that he was prejudiced against their poetry, but too much has been made of this. •His opinions of a poet and his work diverge at times as, for example, in the case of Collins. Johnson liked the man but disapproved of his poetic manner: “he puts his words out of the common order, seeming to think, with some later candidates for fame, that not to write prose is certainly to write poetry.” •He was justly proud of The Life of Cowley, especially of its lengthy discussion of the 17th-century Metaphysical poets, of whom Cowley may be considered the last representative.
  • 13. Although some have spoken of Johnson as a “literary dictator,” he rejected the role for himself and in general spoke against the notion of enforcing precepts. As a critic and editor, through his Dictionary, his edition of Shakespeare, and his Lives of the Poets in particular, he helped invent what we now call “English Literature.”