John Snyder - Undergraduate Research
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This document summarizes a student project to design and build a methanol reformer to supply hydrogen gas fuel for a 1 kW proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell powering an unmanned aerial vehicle. The reformer used an exothermic reaction of methanol and hydrogen peroxide over catalysts in a tube-in-tube reactor design to reach the 250-300°C needed to reform methanol to hydrogen gas. Initial and final designs are shown along with testing photos. While the project provided learning, trials were still ongoing at the time of graduation to fully complete the reformer.
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Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are promising contender as the next generation energy source because of their striking features including high energy density, low operating temperature, easy scale up and zero environmental pollution.
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Fuel cell ,PEM Fuel Cell
PEMFC (proton exchange membrane)
DMFC (direct methanol)
SOCF (solid oxide)
AFC (alkaline)
PAFC (phosphoric acid)
MCFC (Molten Carbonate)
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A fuel cell is a battery that produces DC current and voltage
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The energy efficiency of fuel cells is high when compared to many other energy systems
There is great interest in fuel cells for automotive and electronic applications
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PEM fuel cells use a proton-conducting polymer membrane as the electrolyte and pure hydrogen as the fuel. PEM fuel cells were invented in the 1960s and have since been used in applications like submarines, portable power devices, and vehicles. A typical PEM fuel cell consists of an anode and cathode separated by a polymer electrolyte membrane. At the anode, hydrogen gas is oxidized to produce protons and electrons. The protons pass through the membrane to the cathode while the electrons are routed through an external circuit, producing electricity. At the cathode, oxygen and protons react to form water. PEM fuel cells are efficient, have high power density, and are well-suited for transportation and small stationary power applications.
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Fuel cell ,PEM Fuel Cell
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DMFC (direct methanol)
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A fuel cell is a battery that produces DC current and voltage
Most fuel cells use hydrogen which burns cleaner compared to hydrocarbon fuels
A fuel cell will keep producing electricity as long as fuel is supplied
The energy efficiency of fuel cells is high when compared to many other energy systems
There is great interest in fuel cells for automotive and electronic applications
There will be employment for technicians particularly in Ohio’s fuel cell industry.
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The document discusses fuel cells, including:
1) A fuel cell generates electricity through an electrochemical reaction between a fuel (typically hydrogen) and oxygen, with water and heat as byproducts.
2) Fuel cells have several types but all consist of an anode, cathode, and electrolyte; they operate by separating the fuel from the oxygen to prevent combustion.
3) Applications include stationary power systems, transportation such as fuel cell vehicles and buses, and portable power devices, with each fuel cell type suited to certain uses.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells
A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) consists of a cathode, anode, and electrolyte membrane. Hydrogen is oxidized at the anode, producing protons that pass through the membrane to the cathode. Oxygen is reduced at the cathode, producing water and electricity. PEMFCs operate between 60-180 degrees C and use platinum catalysts. They are well suited for applications like fuel cell vehicles and small stationary power due to their moderate operating temperatures and manageable polymer materials.
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Technology is increasing our energy needs, but it is also show in new ways to
generate power more effetely with less impact on the environment. One of the most
promising options for supplementing future power supplies is the fuel cells.
A fuel cell is a device that electrochemically converts the chemical energy of a fuel
and an oxidant to electrical energy. The fuel and oxidant are typically stored outside
of the fuel cell and transferred into the fuel cell as the reactants are consumed. The
most common type of fuel cell uses the chemical energy of hydrogen to produce
electricity, with water and heat as by-products. Fuel cells are unique in terms of the
variety of their potential applications; they potentially can provide energy for systems
as large as a utility power station and as small as a laptop computer. Fuel cells have
several potential benefits over conventional combustion- based technologies currently
used in many power plants and passenger vehicles. They produce much smaller
quantities of greenhouse gases and none of the air pollutants that create smog and
cause health problems. If pure hydrogen is used as a fuel, fuel cells emit only heat and
water as a byproduct.
Fuel cell
A Fuel Cell is a device that converts the Chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another Oxidizing agent.
Fuel cells are different from batteries in that they require a continuous source of fuel and oxygen/air to sustain the chemical reaction.
Fuel cell
Different types of fuel cell-
1.Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells
2.Direct methanol fuel cells
Alkaline fuel cells
3.Phosphoric acid fuel cells
4.Molten carbonate fuel cells
5.Solid oxide fuel cells
6.Reversible fuel cells.
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1. A fuel cell converts chemical energy directly into electricity through electrochemical reactions between hydrogen and oxygen without combustion.
2. There are several types of fuel cells that differ in their electrolyte material including polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, alkaline fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, and solid oxide fuel cells.
3. Each fuel cell type has advantages and disadvantages for different applications depending on factors like operating temperature, catalyst requirements, and fuel used.
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Fuel cells and hydrogen energy systems
1839 - Sir William Grove, first electrochemical H2/O2
reaction to generate energy
• 1950s - GE developed the solid-ion exchange H2 fuel cell
used by NASA
• 1960s- GE produced the fuel cell-based electrical power
system for NASA Gemini and Apollo space capsules
• 1960s other fuel cells discovered – phosphoric acid, SOFC,
molten carbonate
• 1970s – Vehicle manufacturers began to experiment FCEV.
• 1990 – The California Air Resource Board introduced the
Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandate.
• 2000 – Fuel cell buses were deployed as part of the
HyFleet/CUTE project
• 2007 – fuel cell started to be sold commercially as APU
• 2008 – Honda begins leasing the FCX fuel cell electric
vehicle.
• 2009 – Large scale of residential CHP programme in Japan.
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell
The document discusses molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC). [1] MCFCs operate at high temperatures of around 650°C, meaning they do not require noble metal catalysts. [2] They use molten carbonate as the electrolyte and can internally reform fuels like natural gas. [3] MCFCs have advantages such as high efficiency and the ability to use waste heat, but disadvantages include liquid handling challenges and long warmup times.
Fuel cells presentation
Fuel cells provide a promising alternative source of electricity. They convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, producing only water vapor and heat as byproducts. There are several types of fuel cells but proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are well suited for transportation and small stationary power applications due to their high power density and low operating temperatures. A fuel cell consists of an anode and cathode separated by an electrolyte that allows protons to pass through but blocks electrons, forcing them into an external circuit where they can power devices before being reunited with oxygen at the cathode. While fuel cells have advantages over traditional combustion engines like higher efficiency and lack of emissions, challenges remain around infrastructure, cost and
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The document discusses hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells. It defines a fuel cell as a device that produces electricity through a chemical reaction between a fuel and oxidant without combustion. Specifically, it describes how a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell works by splitting hydrogen into protons and electrons at the anode, passing the protons through an electrolyte while the electrons generate electricity, and recombining the protons, electrons and oxygen to form water at the cathode. While fuel cells provide clean energy and were used in space missions, issues include high costs, inefficient hydrogen production and storage, and safe disposal of used cells.
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The document discusses different types of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. It focuses on fuel cell technology, describing how fuel cells work to produce electricity through a chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen without combustion. Specifically, it outlines the basic components and functions of proton exchange membrane fuel cells and solid oxide fuel cells. The advantages of PEMFCs include low operating temperatures and short startup times, while SOFCs do not require expensive catalysts. However, both have challenges such as materials durability at high temperatures for SOFCs and heat and water management for PEMFCs.
Report PEM Fuel Cell Project
This document describes a dissertation submitted by Ravi Siva Mani Kandan for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Automobile Engineering. The dissertation focuses on modeling the effects of incorporating porous inserts in the flow channels of a 70 cm2 proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operating in a zigzag flow pattern. Chapter 1 provides an introduction and preface. Chapter 2 describes fuel cells and PEMFCs. Chapter 3 reviews relevant literature on PEMFC modeling and flow channel designs. Chapter 4 outlines the project, including defining the problem of water management, incorporating porous inserts into the fuel cell model, meshing the fuel cell assembly, and modeling the fuel cell.
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Fuel cells generate electricity through an electrochemical process in which hydrogen and oxygen are combined to produce water and electricity. There are several types of fuel cells that differ based on their electrolyte material, including phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, and proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Fuel cells have higher energy conversion efficiencies than combustion engines and can produce electricity as long as fuel is supplied, unlike batteries which have a limited capacity.
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This document provides an overview of fuel cell technology. It discusses how fuel cells work by electrochemically combining hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity and heat. The document describes the key components of a fuel cell and different types of fuel cells. It also outlines various applications of fuel cell technology in transportation, stationary power generation, portable power devices, and more. The benefits of fuel cells are highlighted as being clean, efficient, reliable and durable. Challenges to commercialization are noted as reducing costs, developing hydrogen infrastructure, and managing heat from the cells.
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This project report summarizes research on hydrogen fuel cell technology. It provides background on the history of fuel cells dating back to 1838. It then discusses the need for alternative, low-emission energy technologies due to issues of pollution and global warming from fossil fuel usage. The report outlines the basic working principles of hydrogen fuel cells, including hydrogen production, the electrochemical reactions, advantages like high efficiency and low emissions, and challenges like cost and infrastructure. It concludes that fuel cells could enable a hydrogen economy and be a key green energy solution.
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The document summarizes research on micro fuel reformers using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies to enable micro fuel cells as power sources for microsystems. It describes several studies that developed micro reformers on silicon substrates with microchannels to catalytically convert methanol to hydrogen. The micro reformers achieved methanol conversions over 80% and hydrogen production rates sufficient to generate watts of power. However, further work is still needed to address challenges like catalyst deactivation over long operating times.
FUEL CELLS
A proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell uses a solid polymer as an electrolyte and porous carbon electrodes containing platinum catalyst. It requires only hydrogen and oxygen from air to operate, producing water and electricity. PEM fuel cells are compact, flexible, and easy to handle, making them well-suited for applications like vehicles and portable devices. They operate with high efficiency at significantly elevated current densities and emit only water and heat as byproducts, giving them advantages over combustion engines.
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The document discusses proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). It provides an overview of fuel cells in general and describes the history and basic components of PEMFCs specifically. PEMFCs use a solid polymer electrolyte that allows protons to pass through but blocks electrons and gases. They operate at a low temperature of 50-100°C and have advantages like rapid load following, compact design, and high power density. Applications include transportation, portable power, and stationary power generation. The current PEM market is dominated by portable devices, with transportation and stationary power making up smaller shares.
proton exchange membrane based high temperature fuel cell (PEMFC))
The document discusses proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and the advantages of operating them at high temperatures. PEM fuel cells use a polymer membrane as an electrolyte and operate at around 80°C. Operating at higher temperatures, such as over 100°C, provides benefits like improved cathode kinetics, higher tolerance to contaminants, and simplified water management due to the absence of liquid water. However, it also presents challenges like membrane dehydration reducing proton conductivity and degradation of fuel cell materials at elevated temperatures. Water management is also more difficult at higher temperatures due to the gradient of water content across the membrane.
Fuel cells and its types
The document discusses fuel cells, including:
1) A fuel cell generates electricity through an electrochemical reaction between a fuel (typically hydrogen) and oxygen, with water and heat as byproducts.
2) Fuel cells have several types but all consist of an anode, cathode, and electrolyte; they operate by separating the fuel from the oxygen to prevent combustion.
3) Applications include stationary power systems, transportation such as fuel cell vehicles and buses, and portable power devices, with each fuel cell type suited to certain uses.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells
A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) consists of a cathode, anode, and electrolyte membrane. Hydrogen is oxidized at the anode, producing protons that pass through the membrane to the cathode. Oxygen is reduced at the cathode, producing water and electricity. PEMFCs operate between 60-180 degrees C and use platinum catalysts. They are well suited for applications like fuel cell vehicles and small stationary power due to their moderate operating temperatures and manageable polymer materials.
Fuel Cell Technology
Technology is increasing our energy needs, but it is also show in new ways to
generate power more effetely with less impact on the environment. One of the most
promising options for supplementing future power supplies is the fuel cells.
A fuel cell is a device that electrochemically converts the chemical energy of a fuel
and an oxidant to electrical energy. The fuel and oxidant are typically stored outside
of the fuel cell and transferred into the fuel cell as the reactants are consumed. The
most common type of fuel cell uses the chemical energy of hydrogen to produce
electricity, with water and heat as by-products. Fuel cells are unique in terms of the
variety of their potential applications; they potentially can provide energy for systems
as large as a utility power station and as small as a laptop computer. Fuel cells have
several potential benefits over conventional combustion- based technologies currently
used in many power plants and passenger vehicles. They produce much smaller
quantities of greenhouse gases and none of the air pollutants that create smog and
cause health problems. If pure hydrogen is used as a fuel, fuel cells emit only heat and
water as a byproduct.
Fuel cell
A Fuel Cell is a device that converts the Chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another Oxidizing agent.
Fuel cells are different from batteries in that they require a continuous source of fuel and oxygen/air to sustain the chemical reaction.
Fuel cell
Different types of fuel cell-
1.Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells
2.Direct methanol fuel cells
Alkaline fuel cells
3.Phosphoric acid fuel cells
4.Molten carbonate fuel cells
5.Solid oxide fuel cells
6.Reversible fuel cells.
Modern applications of fuel cell and its use in automobile industries
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The document summarizes the workings and performance of molten carbonate fuel cells. It discusses that molten carbonate fuel cells operate at around 650°C, allowing the use of non-noble metal catalysts. The key reactions and components of the fuel cell are described, including the hydrogen oxidation reaction at the anode and oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode. Performance is affected by various factors like pressure, temperature, reactant gas composition and utilization, and impurities. Advantages include high efficiency and tolerance for internal reforming, while disadvantages include intolerance to sulfur and liquid electrolyte handling challenges.
Types of fuel cells
1. A fuel cell converts chemical energy directly into electricity through electrochemical reactions between hydrogen and oxygen without combustion.
2. There are several types of fuel cells that differ in their electrolyte material including polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, alkaline fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, and solid oxide fuel cells.
3. Each fuel cell type has advantages and disadvantages for different applications depending on factors like operating temperature, catalyst requirements, and fuel used.
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a brief intro to the technology and working of hydrogen fuel cells.It also discusses the types of fuel cells available in the market and the economy of hydrogen fuel cells.It concludes by giving suitable examples of fuel cell vehicles and a short video animation to properly understand the topic
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This document discusses molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). It explains that MCFCs use molten carbonate salts as an electrolyte and operate at high temperatures between 873K-923K. MCFCs are primarily used for stationary power generation between 50 kW to 5 MW. The document outlines the components and reactions in an MCFC, advantages such as high efficiency, and disadvantages including issues with corrosion and electrolyte retention. It concludes that MCFCs have potential for energy conversion but need improvements to reduce costs and increase lifetime.
Fuel cells and hydrogen energy systems
1839 - Sir William Grove, first electrochemical H2/O2
reaction to generate energy
• 1950s - GE developed the solid-ion exchange H2 fuel cell
used by NASA
• 1960s- GE produced the fuel cell-based electrical power
system for NASA Gemini and Apollo space capsules
• 1960s other fuel cells discovered – phosphoric acid, SOFC,
molten carbonate
• 1970s – Vehicle manufacturers began to experiment FCEV.
• 1990 – The California Air Resource Board introduced the
Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandate.
• 2000 – Fuel cell buses were deployed as part of the
HyFleet/CUTE project
• 2007 – fuel cell started to be sold commercially as APU
• 2008 – Honda begins leasing the FCX fuel cell electric
vehicle.
• 2009 – Large scale of residential CHP programme in Japan.
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell
The document discusses molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC). [1] MCFCs operate at high temperatures of around 650°C, meaning they do not require noble metal catalysts. [2] They use molten carbonate as the electrolyte and can internally reform fuels like natural gas. [3] MCFCs have advantages such as high efficiency and the ability to use waste heat, but disadvantages include liquid handling challenges and long warmup times.
Fuel cells presentation
Fuel cells provide a promising alternative source of electricity. They convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, producing only water vapor and heat as byproducts. There are several types of fuel cells but proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are well suited for transportation and small stationary power applications due to their high power density and low operating temperatures. A fuel cell consists of an anode and cathode separated by an electrolyte that allows protons to pass through but blocks electrons, forcing them into an external circuit where they can power devices before being reunited with oxygen at the cathode. While fuel cells have advantages over traditional combustion engines like higher efficiency and lack of emissions, challenges remain around infrastructure, cost and
Hydrogen- Oxygen fuel cell fuel cell
The document discusses hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells. It defines a fuel cell as a device that produces electricity through a chemical reaction between a fuel and oxidant without combustion. Specifically, it describes how a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell works by splitting hydrogen into protons and electrons at the anode, passing the protons through an electrolyte while the electrons generate electricity, and recombining the protons, electrons and oxygen to form water at the cathode. While fuel cells provide clean energy and were used in space missions, issues include high costs, inefficient hydrogen production and storage, and safe disposal of used cells.
Fuel cell
The document discusses different types of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. It focuses on fuel cell technology, describing how fuel cells work to produce electricity through a chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen without combustion. Specifically, it outlines the basic components and functions of proton exchange membrane fuel cells and solid oxide fuel cells. The advantages of PEMFCs include low operating temperatures and short startup times, while SOFCs do not require expensive catalysts. However, both have challenges such as materials durability at high temperatures for SOFCs and heat and water management for PEMFCs.
Report PEM Fuel Cell Project
This document describes a dissertation submitted by Ravi Siva Mani Kandan for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Automobile Engineering. The dissertation focuses on modeling the effects of incorporating porous inserts in the flow channels of a 70 cm2 proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operating in a zigzag flow pattern. Chapter 1 provides an introduction and preface. Chapter 2 describes fuel cells and PEMFCs. Chapter 3 reviews relevant literature on PEMFC modeling and flow channel designs. Chapter 4 outlines the project, including defining the problem of water management, incorporating porous inserts into the fuel cell model, meshing the fuel cell assembly, and modeling the fuel cell.
How fuel cells work
Fuel cells generate electricity through an electrochemical process in which hydrogen and oxygen are combined to produce water and electricity. There are several types of fuel cells that differ based on their electrolyte material, including phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, and proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Fuel cells have higher energy conversion efficiencies than combustion engines and can produce electricity as long as fuel is supplied, unlike batteries which have a limited capacity.
Fuel cell presentation
This document provides an overview of fuel cell technology. It discusses how fuel cells work by electrochemically combining hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity and heat. The document describes the key components of a fuel cell and different types of fuel cells. It also outlines various applications of fuel cell technology in transportation, stationary power generation, portable power devices, and more. The benefits of fuel cells are highlighted as being clean, efficient, reliable and durable. Challenges to commercialization are noted as reducing costs, developing hydrogen infrastructure, and managing heat from the cells.
Hydrogen Fuel Cell (Case Study)
This project report summarizes research on hydrogen fuel cell technology. It provides background on the history of fuel cells dating back to 1838. It then discusses the need for alternative, low-emission energy technologies due to issues of pollution and global warming from fossil fuel usage. The report outlines the basic working principles of hydrogen fuel cells, including hydrogen production, the electrochemical reactions, advantages like high efficiency and low emissions, and challenges like cost and infrastructure. It concludes that fuel cells could enable a hydrogen economy and be a key green energy solution.
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The document is a technical seminar report on superconductors submitted by a student. It discusses different types of fuel cells including polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, and phosphoric acid fuel cells. It describes the major components of a fuel cell and their applications in areas like transportation, space, and portable electronics. The advantages of fuel cells are also highlighted such as high energy efficiency and low emissions, while the disadvantages include high costs and lack of widespread availability.
Fuelcell & types;its technologies
This document provides an overview of fuel cell technologies. It discusses the history of fuel cells from their invention in 1838 to their use in the Apollo mission. It then describes the basic components and working of a fuel cell. The document outlines various fuel cell types classified by electrolyte used, including polymer exchange membrane fuel cells, alkaline fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, solid acid fuel cells, and solid oxide fuel cells. It discusses their operating temperatures, efficiencies, applications and advantages/disadvantages. The document concludes with the future scope of developing micro fuel cells.
GENERATION OF POWER THROUGH HYDROGEN – OXYGEN FUEL CELLS
This document summarizes a study that tested the ability of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell to generate electricity. The study used a small test rig to run experiments supplying hydrogen and oxygen gases to the fuel cell. The experiments measured voltage, current, power output, and other parameters over time. The results showed that the fuel cell was able to produce up to 13.44W of power at 11.20V by converting the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy. Producing power from hydrogen in a fuel cell is presented as a clean and renewable alternative to fossil fuel-based power generation.
DrewB.unit2draft4.final
This document reviews fuel cell systems for use in micro-combined heat and power applications. It discusses polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). For residential applications, low-temperature PEMFCs using modified polymer membranes are most suitable due to their relatively low cost and ability to use reformed natural gas. For commercial buildings, MCFCs are best able to meet large electrical and heating loads, though their high costs currently limit widespread use. Overall, directed efforts to commercialize these fuel cell technologies can help reduce energy dependence.
Term paper Hydrogen Fuel Cell
This document provides a summary of a term paper on hydrogen fuel cells. It discusses the history of fuel cell development from their invention in 1839 to recent technological advances. Key points include: hydrogen fuel cells were not initially economical but recent developments are making them more viable alternative energy sources. The document also defines different types of fuel cells based on electrolyte and operating temperature and provides examples of new fuel cell technologies under development, such as flexible fuel cells and alternatives to platinum catalysts.
Chapter 66
A fuel cell generates electricity through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen that produces water and heat as byproducts. There are several types of fuel cells that differ in their electrolyte material. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are well-suited for vehicles as they operate at low temperatures and have a compact design. Fuel cells provide advantages of zero emissions and few moving parts but also face challenges of high costs, limited power and range. Hybridizing fuel cells with batteries or ultracapacitors can help address these challenges.
Bonnett fuelcellpresentationfinal
The document discusses hydrogen fuel cell technology and its potential to contribute to energy independence. It provides an overview of what fuel cells are and how they work. Some key points include that fuel cells produce electricity through an electrochemical reaction without combustion, and are more efficient than fuel burning. It also discusses the types of fuel cells, challenges to adoption like cost and storage, and benefits like efficiency, reliability and reduced emissions. Lastly, it covers laws and incentives supporting hydrogen fuel cell development.
Components of pem fuel cells an overview
The document provides an overview of the key components of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). It discusses the four main components: [1] proton conducting membranes, [2] electrocatalysts for the anode and cathode, [3] porous gas diffusion electrodes, and [4] the assembly of the membrane and electrodes into the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Perfluorinated membranes such as Nafion are most widely used as they have high proton conductivity and stability, though cost and durability remain challenges.
Maiyalagan, Components of pem fuel cells an overview
Fuel cells, as devices for direct conversion of the chemical energy of a fuel into
electricity by electrochemical reactions, are among the key enabling technologies for the transition
to a hydrogen-based economy. Among the various types of fuel cells, polymer electrolyte
membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered to be at the forefront for commercialization for
portable and transportation applications because of their high energy conversion efficiency and low
pollutant emission. Cost and durability of PEMFCs are the two major challenges that need to be
addressed to facilitate their commercialization. The properties of the membrane electrode assembly
(MEA) have a direct impact on both cost and durability of a PEMFC.
An overview is presented on the key components of the PEMFC MEA. The success of the MEA
and thereby PEMFC technology is believed to depend largely on two key materials: the membrane
and the electro-catalyst. These two key materials are directly linked to the major challenges faced in
PEMFC, namely, the performance, and cost. Concerted efforts are conducted globally for the past
couple of decades to address these challenges. This chapter aims to provide the reader an overview
of the major research findings to date on the key components of a PEMFC MEA.
comparison of reformer.pdf
This document compares three fuel processor configurations for producing hydrogen from methanol to power a PEM fuel cell: 1) steam reforming with external heat, 2) autothermal reforming, and 3) autothermal reforming using a palladium membrane reactor. It finds that steam reforming and autothermal reforming fuel processors coupled to a PEM fuel cell can achieve around 50% overall efficiency, with fuel processor volumes of around 29 liters and 22 liters, respectively, for 50 kW net power generation. The autothermal reforming membrane reactor reduces the fuel processor volume to 13 liters but with a more complex steam system and slightly lower overall efficiency.
comparison of reformers.pdf
This document compares three methanol-based fuel processor configurations for PEM fuel cell systems: 1) steam reforming followed by preferential oxidation for CO removal, 2) adiabatic autothermal reforming followed by preferential oxidation, and 3) adiabatic autothermal reforming in a palladium membrane reactor. The document finds that steam reforming and autothermal reforming fuel processors coupled with a PEM fuel cell achieve about 50% overall efficiency, with reactor volumes of around 29 liters and 22 liters, respectively. The autothermal reforming membrane reactor reduces the volume to 13 liters but with a more complex steam system and slightly lower efficiency.
Similar to John Snyder - Undergraduate Research (20)
FUEL CELLS - NS 316 UNIT III and IV Supporting PPT.pdf
FUEL CELLS - NS 316 UNIT III and IV Supporting PPT.pdf
GENERATION OF POWER THROUGH HYDROGEN – OXYGEN FUEL CELLS
GENERATION OF POWER THROUGH HYDROGEN – OXYGEN FUEL CELLS
Maiyalagan, Components of pem fuel cells an overview
Maiyalagan, Components of pem fuel cells an overview
John Snyder - Undergraduate Research
- 1. Design and Fabrication of a Methanol Reformer for Production of Hydrogen as Fuel for High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells John Snyder, Jantzen Allen, Dietrick Vonnallman Advisor: Dr. Vladimir Gurau Kent State University at Tuscarawas, Department of Engineering Technology, 330 University Drive NE, New Philadelphia, Ohio, 44663 Fuel Cells are an extremely promising alternative to today’s energy problems. Though not suited for every application, Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells are an extremely attractive source of electricity for certain mobile and stationary applications. Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells use hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as an oxidant to generate a reliable flow of electricity. While this method to produce electricity is proven, there is a problem with the storage and containment of the reactant gasses. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, hydrogen gas (and even liquid hydrogen) has an extremely low energy density and requires expensive and bulky canisters in order to store and transport. To work around this problem, methanol liquid can be easily stored and reformed to produce hydrogen rich gas to fuel a PEM fuel cell. The methanol is reformed at a temperature between 250- 300 degrees C. This temperature range is slightly higher than the operating temperature of some PEMFCs using phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membrane electrode assemblies. The gas exiting the reformer can be used to fuel the fuel cell, as well as supply heat to the fuel cell. I had the opportunity as an undergraduate student to assist in the design and fabrication of a methanol reformer for use in a mobile application. The objectives of the research where to design and build a methanol reformer that was to be used to supply hydrogen gas as fuel for a 1 kW PEM fuel cell. The fuel cell was then going to be used to supply electricity to power an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. In order to successfully reform methanol liquid in a mobile application, we generated an exothermic reaction using hydrogen peroxide and a platinum based catalyst. In order to contain this reaction, a tube-in-tube reactor design was used. A peristaltic pump pushed methanol liquid into the outside tube loaded with a Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst. In order to generate heat for the reaction to occur, a second peristaltic pump pushed hydrogen peroxide into the interior tube loaded with a Pt-based catalyst. Due to the peroxide being an extremely powerful oxidizer, heat was produced so that the reaction chamber could reach the appropriate temperature1. The reformed methanol gas was then sent out the other end of the tube and to a designated location. Below are pictures of the completed reformer and the reformer at various stages of testing. While the project was a great learning experience, it was incomplete at the time of my graduation. Trials are still ongoing.
- 3. Testing, using a hotplate to generate heat instead of the peroxide. Thermocouple readout indicating reactor tube temperature.
- 4. [1] The formula for hydrogen peroxide is H2O2 (similar looking to water, only with an extra oxygen molecule). Once hydrogen peroxide comes in contact with the platinum catalyst, the extra oxygen molecule has a tendency to break off, which generates a lot of energy, which generates heat. The byproducts of this reaction are heat, oxygen, and water.