We see an increased focus on health, wellness and wellbeing (HWW) as core drivers of human safety. Through ‘wearable technology’ it is possible to track and monitor a range of human conditions in real time, and through integration with e-Health and ERP systems we can show the link between issues, such as fatigue and performance, record injuries and move from the reactive to the proactive prevention of incidents.

1. Speaker : Johann Havenga
Presentation Title : Wearable Technology in support of safety, health
and wellness

2. WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY LANDSCAPE
Wearable technology is clothing and accessories that incorporate computer and advanced electronic
technologies. The designs often incorporate practical functions and features, but may also have a purely critical
or aesthetic agenda.
Wearable Usage Market Forecast
Predicts 100% increase of wearable units
in next two years. Has called the “Next big
Thing” with sales increase from 5$ Billion
to $50 Billion in 2020.
Wearable Devices Types Meaningful Aggregated Data
Wearable Usage Trends Device Makers Wellness Programs
Commonly used to monitor fitness (movement tracking) . Also
monitor sleep, heart rate, body temperature, blood oxygen level,
respiration, glucose and some cases specialist industry (mining,
security, etc.) applications i.e. fatigue monitoring, body positioning
monitoring, stress level monitoring, alcohol monitoring and fall
detection.
.
Devices are typically in form of bracelet, smart
watch or chest straps that can sync with mobile
phone. Latest innovations are glasses, sensors in pills
and devices and “smart garments” i.e caps, shirts
and pants.
Awareness and usage of wearables are on the rise. 60%
obtained the devices in last 6 months with 15% using it in
daily lives. Half of users between 18 and 34 years (young
and affluent). Fitness band devices (61%) and smart
watches (45%). Device commitment is increasing but one
third of users who obtained more than 12 months ago are
no longer using it today.
.
Future will allow for more open platforms to
allow easier integration (sharing) of fitness,
nutrition, etc. and personal data (personal health
record). Companies will be require summarise
and analyse the data in meaningful ways to
realise value of aggregated data.
Fitness monitoring device makers are expanding
their offerings into corporate wellness
programmes, with participant activity validated
by their devices. It include incentivised rewards
and challenges as well as social interaction
among employees.
Companies provide a communication platform
and rewards for quantified activity including
discounts on merchandise, travel rewards, or
charitable donations (ready to use therapeutic food
to undernourished and malnourished individuals.
Wearable devices is being proven to be a major
catalyst to ensure improved physical fitness and
health. Physical fitness is associated with lower all-
cause mortality due to lower rated of chronic
diseases reducing costs to employers and health
insurers.
Fitness Communities
Effectiveness

3. TECHNOLOGIES USED TO MONITOR HWW
Built-in
• OEM’s offer a host of critical and non-critical HWW technologies. OEM’s are increasing their R&D
budgets substantially in this area and ongoing innovation is taking place.
• OEM’s and vehicle manufacturers realize that not all human conditions can be monitored via the
equipment installed in the cab and that wearable devices are required to augment the data
collection of the built-in systems. For example, smart watches or wearables are customized for in-
vehicle diagnosis for manufacturers who offer an HWW kit, and these wearables are then
incorporated and linked with built-in systems.
• Benefits of built-in systems are that these technologies are designed to integrate with the existing
systems in the machine. The layout is well planned and the equipment is well integrated with the
cab layout and design. Measurement and reporting is integrated with the fleet management
systems supports to critical decisions and alarms and warnings are well weighed to support the
operator.

4. TECHNOLOGIES USED TO MONITOR HWW
Brought-in
• OEM’s are competing with niche technology service providers to retro-fit many of the HWW
technologies to older equipment.
• Technologies and systems are often not well integrated into the overall vehicle or fleet
management systems in terms of driver ergonomics, layout and installation.
• Add-on cameras and equipment to monitor machine operators are often seen as ‘big brother’
watching them.
• Going forward, the proliferation of wearable devices, smartphones, and cloud-based solutions are
seen as key and will remain an area of focus and fast growth.
• Benefits of brought-in technologies (and cloud based) relate to lower costs, short-term and rapid
realization of the equipment and switching of systems as the technology improves or matures.

5. EXAMPLES OF WEARABLES
• Heart Rate, HRV (allowing to estimate stress and fatigue), Heart Rate
Recovery, and ECG.
• Breathing Rate (RPM), Minute Ventilation (L/min).
• Activity intensity, peak acceleration, steps, cadence and sleep
positions
• Single-Lead ECG, Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability,
• Respiratory Rate
• Skin Temperature
• Body Posture
• Fall Detection
• Activity including Steps

6. SENSOR PILL
• A wearable patch monitors the status of the ingestible 1 mm
sensor-enabled pill and simultaneously collects data about a users
heart rate, temperature, activity and rest patterns throughout
their day.
• Resembling a grain of sand and made up mostly of silicon the tiny
sensors are packaged in/alongside your pill regiment and are
covered in magnesium and copper so that as the pills reach a
patients stomach acid can generate enough power through this
chemical reaction to communicate a unique time-stamped signal
to the patch. The patch stores this number along with the exact
time of pill ingestion and forwards that information using
Bluetooth along to a users smartphone, with the details eventually
ending up being delivered to a patients doctor

7. EXAMPLES OF WEARABLES FOR MINERS
iWristPhone
iWristPhone was originally designed to address mining challenges in India. "Often, miners
are trapped for hours when a hazard takes place. They could skype with doctors and get
on-demand medical advice when there is no way out. Video calls can be made to the
rescue teams within minutes, something that would otherwise take hours.” Apart from wifi
and bluetooth, the wearable has a gravity sensor that can detect miners falling and being
trapped, can monitor and record their GPS coordinates every minute and has a three
megapixel camera for video calls. It can also measure the heart rate and blood pressure.
The mobile application will record the data and can be used by those on the surface to
communicate with the miners.

8. MMS JACKET FOR MINING SAFETY
MMS
The intelligent jacket called the Mobile Monitoring Station was developed after the
Chilean mine disaster and is capable of monitoring the worker’s physical conditions and
also the environment around the miner. This smart jacket is based on a very simple
system: a smartphone, specially designed and equipped to endure the harsh conditions
of the mining environment, and sensors that monitor the environment and the worker.
The whole system is powered by lithium batteries and Internet-based, working via 3G
or Wi-Fi, and can work with different wireless systems to transfer data.

9. GOOGLE GLAS, MICROSOFT HOLOLENS
Microsoft Hololens and Google Glass provide an experience known as augmented reality,
where images are superimposed over what the user sees in real life. With Google Glass, these
images are generally icons that provide directions, alert users to messages from contacts or
give weather updates. UK surgeons have become the first in the world to use Google Glass in
the operating theatre. With MS Hololens it is possible to create a VR, AR environment with
multiple applications for planning and safety.
These glasses have many technology applications. Workers are able to look up how products
are assembled or ask for help in real-time if they are unsure what to do in the field. One
example is to overlay the technical drawings in 3D of a machine while a person is working on it,
indicating how a complex part should be removed or repaired.

10. CHALLENGES FACING BUILT IN OR MACHINE
FIXED SYSTEMS
• Automation and immersive technology trends indicate that drivers and machine
operators are increasingly operating the machine remotely, in close proximity of
the machine or from a control room
• Technology built into the vehicle focusing on the person may become redundant
– sunset technology
• Some of the technology used in after-market systems are in-efficient and
measuring the person is much more efficient
• It is possible to track and measure various elements (including fatigue) of the
machine operator, controllers, processing room controllers, decision-makers and
management

11. CHALLENGES FACING SOME EYE BASED
FATIGUE MONITORING SYSTEMS
• Many of these systems monitor the state of the operator's eyes. More specifically the state of
the eyelids. When the eyelids remain closed for longer than the period associated with
normal blinking, the system identifies this as a micro-sleep spell and alerts the operator via
an audio alarm.
• Once the operator's eyes start to close, we believe she or he is already asleep; not only in a
state of diminished vigilance.
• It could take 2 seconds for the operator to wake up from this micro sleep - travelling at 40
km/h (11.1 m/s) the wake up time alone translates to over 20 meters of uncontrolled
movement of a heavy haul truck. This is not even counting the period of time during which
the operator is entering micro-sleep and up to the point where her or his eyes close for a
sufficiently long enough period to be identified as micro-sleep.
• We recommend considering a system to monitor carefully selected physiological responses
directly (using available non-intrusive wearable technology) to predict spells of decreased
vigilance, rather than detecting spells of micro-sleep.

12. ULOCKING ULTIMATE VALUE – INTEGRATION OF
THE WEARBALE DATA WITH OPERATING SYSTEMS
• The key to success does not lie in the wearable device but rather in
the use and analysis of the collected data – integrated into the e-
Health record of the individual
• We believe that the data collected from the wearable device should
not be used in isolation to measure singular events such as fatigue or
health. It should be integrated with operational systems and
performance data. It should be used to monitor the impact of fatigue
and other medical conditions on performance and will contribute to
overall improvement of worker safety, health, wellness, wellbeing and
performance