This document outlines four steps to improve the effectiveness of educational resources: 1. Shift the dialogue from a focus on free resources to improving quality. acknowledge that suboptimal educational resources still dominate. 2. Create more and better open educational resources about how to effectively design educational experiences based on how people learn. 3. Provide better tools and reduce barriers to quality such as open libraries, competency models, learning progressions, validation modules and open data. 4. Create a better context by aligning incentives to make performance and advancing educational science matter, through experimentation, access, shared infrastructure and reducing regulatory barriers.

1. BETTER “Teaching and learning” Four Easy Steps to Improving Educational Resource Effectiveness

2. Step 1: Shift the Dialogue

3. Step 1: Shift the Dialogue Enough about “free” already!

5. “Connected” people

6. Hours on “school”

7. Hours in the day

8. Supply “unlimited”

9. Digital content …………….All content digital

10. Public subsidy

11. Every person a publisher

12. Dominant “free supply” price pressure

14. Prevailing Practice Unchanged The What Ill-defined competencies and standards Either a single, hypothesized , static learning progression or none Limited content and approach pathways The How Limited feedback Limited adaptive capability Largely untested content, instructional approaches and assessments Under/ uninformed by learning sciences

15. Step 2: More and Better OER About Creating Effective ER How people learn How to Identify and describe what is to be learned Assess what has been learned* Design and implement experiences which enable mastery of what is to be learned* Optimize and select delivery methods * Maximize motivation and engagement* Best-In-Class Examples * For each object, for each learner, in each context

16. Step 3: Provide Better Tools/ Reduce Barriers to Quality Data and interoperability standards Open libraries Rigorously developed competency models Empirically designed and refined learning progressions (assuming multiples) Open systems Validation and testing modules (Even more) Authoring and editing modules Open utilities Registries Recommendation engines (NB: iTunes myth) Open data

17. Step 4: Create A Better Context/ Align Incentives Make performance matter Until then make “the science” matter Design experiment Ease and inform access and procurement Invest in shared infrastructure and utilities Reduce regulatory barriers Reward sharing and advancing the field