Digital radiography is replacing film-based radiography for inspecting munitions and explosives. It offers faster results, easier automation, and eliminates chemicals. While digital radiography has lower resolution than film, adjustments can improve image quality. Two cabinet x-ray systems at Indian Head have been qualified for digital radiography. This allows transitioning inspection of programs like the M21 cutter and CCU-22 impulse cartridge to digital. Computed radiography may also be used but requires further evaluation and qualification of systems. Indian Head is participating in working groups to advance digital radiography standards and qualifications.
Vieworks' TDI line scan cameras are based on new innovative “hybrid” sensor technology. The sensors combine CMOS and CCD. The base sensor has is a classic CMOS structure with much faster readout speeds and lower power consumption. However the sensors use CCD photo cells to capture the images and CCD technology still offers higher dynamic range and better image quality. In addition, the integration and transfer of stages is done by moving charge in CCDs, making this process virtually noiseless. The TDI line scan cameras based on these new hybrid imaging sensors allows image captures as fast as 250 kHz line rates with up to 256 stages. They are designed for applications where faster line rates and higher sensitivity are critical.
Deterministic and high throughput data processing for CubeSatsPablo Ghiglino
This presentation shows how Klepsydra (www.klepsydra.com) can increase up to 20% data processing in Space on-board computers with limited resources, like those for CubeSats. Not only that, Klepsydra can also substantially increase determinism for Space applications.
Module: [LIBR_02]_SIGE XIII_SCR Applied to Radar Design
Topic: RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT & INNOVATION
Subject: Systems Concepts Research Applied to Radar Design
Article by Antonio Sallum Librelato and Osamu Saotome, presented and published during the XIII SIGE. ITA, 27 a 30 de setembro de 2011.
Scope:
Abstract
I. INTRODUCTION
Principles of SCR
Motivations for SCR Applied for Radar Systems
Phases of the SCR
II. NEEDS AND REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS FOR A RADAR SYSTEM
NRA1. VISION OF PROBLEM
NRA2. NEEDS ANALYSIS
NRA3. OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS
NRA4. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
NRA5. FEASIBILITY DEFINITIONS
NRA6. NEEDS VALIDATION
NRA7. OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS SYNTHESIS
III. SYSTEMS CONCEPTS EXPLORATION FOR A RADAR SYSTEM
SCE1. OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS
SCE2. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FORMULATION
SCE3. IMPLEMENTATION CONCEPTS EXPLORATION
SCE4. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS VALIDATION
SCE5. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS SYNTHESIS
IV. SYSTEM CONCEPT DEFINITION FOR A RADAR SYSTEM
SCD1. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS ANALYSI
SCD2. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND FORMULATION
SCD3. IMPLEMENTATION CONCEPT SELECTION
SCD4. CONCEPT VALIDATION AND DESCRIPTION
SCD5. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
V. SYSTEMS RISKS AND ASSURANCE ANALYSIS FOR A RADAR SYSTEM
SRAA1. SRAA DURING NRA
SRAA2. SRAA DURING SCE
SRAA3. SRAA DURING SCD
VI. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Vieworks' TDI line scan cameras are based on new innovative “hybrid” sensor technology. The sensors combine CMOS and CCD. The base sensor has is a classic CMOS structure with much faster readout speeds and lower power consumption. However the sensors use CCD photo cells to capture the images and CCD technology still offers higher dynamic range and better image quality. In addition, the integration and transfer of stages is done by moving charge in CCDs, making this process virtually noiseless. The TDI line scan cameras based on these new hybrid imaging sensors allows image captures as fast as 250 kHz line rates with up to 256 stages. They are designed for applications where faster line rates and higher sensitivity are critical.
Deterministic and high throughput data processing for CubeSatsPablo Ghiglino
This presentation shows how Klepsydra (www.klepsydra.com) can increase up to 20% data processing in Space on-board computers with limited resources, like those for CubeSats. Not only that, Klepsydra can also substantially increase determinism for Space applications.
Module: [LIBR_02]_SIGE XIII_SCR Applied to Radar Design
Topic: RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT & INNOVATION
Subject: Systems Concepts Research Applied to Radar Design
Article by Antonio Sallum Librelato and Osamu Saotome, presented and published during the XIII SIGE. ITA, 27 a 30 de setembro de 2011.
Scope:
Abstract
I. INTRODUCTION
Principles of SCR
Motivations for SCR Applied for Radar Systems
Phases of the SCR
II. NEEDS AND REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS FOR A RADAR SYSTEM
NRA1. VISION OF PROBLEM
NRA2. NEEDS ANALYSIS
NRA3. OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS
NRA4. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
NRA5. FEASIBILITY DEFINITIONS
NRA6. NEEDS VALIDATION
NRA7. OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS SYNTHESIS
III. SYSTEMS CONCEPTS EXPLORATION FOR A RADAR SYSTEM
SCE1. OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS
SCE2. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FORMULATION
SCE3. IMPLEMENTATION CONCEPTS EXPLORATION
SCE4. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS VALIDATION
SCE5. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS SYNTHESIS
IV. SYSTEM CONCEPT DEFINITION FOR A RADAR SYSTEM
SCD1. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS ANALYSI
SCD2. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND FORMULATION
SCD3. IMPLEMENTATION CONCEPT SELECTION
SCD4. CONCEPT VALIDATION AND DESCRIPTION
SCD5. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
V. SYSTEMS RISKS AND ASSURANCE ANALYSIS FOR A RADAR SYSTEM
SRAA1. SRAA DURING NRA
SRAA2. SRAA DURING SCE
SRAA3. SRAA DURING SCD
VI. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Hai Tao at AI Frontiers: Deep Learning For Embedded Vision SystemAI Frontiers
This presentation will demonstrate our recent progress in developing advanced computer vision algorithms using embedded platforms for video-based face recognition, vehicle attribute analysis, urban management event detection, and high-density crowd counting. These algorithms combine the traditional CV approach with recent advances in deep learning to make high-performance computer vision systems practical and enable products in several vertical markets including intelligent transportation systems (ITS), business intelligence (BI), and smart video surveillance. We will demonstrate algorithm design and optimization scheme for several recently available processors from Movidius, Nvidia, and ARM.
David Prendergast - Innovative Physics - From AI to Fukushima - Isle of Wight...onthewight
David Prendergast from Shanklin-based Innovative Physics presented the talk 'From AI to Fukushima' to the Isle of Wight Cafe Scientifique on 21 Jan 2019.
Inspection of pipe seam welds requires a volumetric nondestructive evaluation inspection method. Traditionally, radiography (RT) is used for manufacturing inspection, but this technology has several drawbacks. In terms of inspection capability, RT is insensitive to mis-oriented planar defects, and doesn’t provide any through-wall sizing capability. There is no immediate feedback to the welders, and RT is disruptive to other activities on the site. With safety regulations getting more and more severe worldwide, the use of radiography is being drastically restricted. Additionally, the cylindrical geometry of long seam welds requires specific attention with regards to examination coverage and flaw positioning.
This presentation will cover a recommended solution designed to provide excellent inspection capability, with permanent records. In addition, the overall duration of the inspection process is drastically reduced, and ultrasonic examination provides immediate feedback regarding the welding process.
Innovate in new and exciting optical sensing applications in industrial marke...Design World
This webinar gives an overview of many new industrial applications enabled by award-winning DLP ® technology across industrial and factory automation applications. DLP technology is a high-value TI content in a given system and has strong pull-through impact for rest of the electronics – analog and embedded processors.
DLP fundamentally is an advanced MEMS devices providing spatial light modulation and enables many new exciting applications. 3D scanning, 3D machine vision, robotic vision, and other optical sensors are some of the popular use cases in industrial and factory automation. The structured light technique for 3D sensing uses highly differentiated DLP technology that allows projection of custom and adaptable patterns onto the target object to capture physical measurements, analyze location, or inspect a surface. DLP based spectroscopy is an innovative solution for characterizing and recognizing different materials used in several industries such as Food, Agriculture, Plastics, Petrchemicals, Pharmaceuticals and Medical applications.
This webinar also covers comprehensive TIDesigns that include complete hardware and software enable customers use complete TI technology – DLP chipsets complemented by extensive analog (power, led drivers, signal chain and others) and embedded processors.
Watch this webinar to learn:
·How to sell TI solutions in Industrial and factory automation
· Machine vision solutions used in industrial automation and robotic vision
·DLP based spectroscopy Food, Agriculture, Plastics, Petrochemicals, Pharmaceuticals and Medical applications
Duotech's F-16 Briefing During the 2015 F-16 TCG WWRLee Cloer
Brett Rogers, Vice President of Duotech Services, provides a presentation during the morning F-16 Briefings held at the 2015 F-16 TCG Worldwide Review. This briefing was held on the morning of September 14, 2015. If you missed this presentation, we recorded it and have included the full video at the link here > http://duotechservices.com/duotechs-briefing-f-16-tcg-wwr
GE Inspection Technologies reviews case studies of industrial production process control in the castings, aerospace and automotive industries using advanced computed tomography CT techniques. Presented to the American Society of Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) at the 2014 Annual Conference
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Hai Tao at AI Frontiers: Deep Learning For Embedded Vision SystemAI Frontiers
This presentation will demonstrate our recent progress in developing advanced computer vision algorithms using embedded platforms for video-based face recognition, vehicle attribute analysis, urban management event detection, and high-density crowd counting. These algorithms combine the traditional CV approach with recent advances in deep learning to make high-performance computer vision systems practical and enable products in several vertical markets including intelligent transportation systems (ITS), business intelligence (BI), and smart video surveillance. We will demonstrate algorithm design and optimization scheme for several recently available processors from Movidius, Nvidia, and ARM.
David Prendergast - Innovative Physics - From AI to Fukushima - Isle of Wight...onthewight
David Prendergast from Shanklin-based Innovative Physics presented the talk 'From AI to Fukushima' to the Isle of Wight Cafe Scientifique on 21 Jan 2019.
Inspection of pipe seam welds requires a volumetric nondestructive evaluation inspection method. Traditionally, radiography (RT) is used for manufacturing inspection, but this technology has several drawbacks. In terms of inspection capability, RT is insensitive to mis-oriented planar defects, and doesn’t provide any through-wall sizing capability. There is no immediate feedback to the welders, and RT is disruptive to other activities on the site. With safety regulations getting more and more severe worldwide, the use of radiography is being drastically restricted. Additionally, the cylindrical geometry of long seam welds requires specific attention with regards to examination coverage and flaw positioning.
This presentation will cover a recommended solution designed to provide excellent inspection capability, with permanent records. In addition, the overall duration of the inspection process is drastically reduced, and ultrasonic examination provides immediate feedback regarding the welding process.
Innovate in new and exciting optical sensing applications in industrial marke...Design World
This webinar gives an overview of many new industrial applications enabled by award-winning DLP ® technology across industrial and factory automation applications. DLP technology is a high-value TI content in a given system and has strong pull-through impact for rest of the electronics – analog and embedded processors.
DLP fundamentally is an advanced MEMS devices providing spatial light modulation and enables many new exciting applications. 3D scanning, 3D machine vision, robotic vision, and other optical sensors are some of the popular use cases in industrial and factory automation. The structured light technique for 3D sensing uses highly differentiated DLP technology that allows projection of custom and adaptable patterns onto the target object to capture physical measurements, analyze location, or inspect a surface. DLP based spectroscopy is an innovative solution for characterizing and recognizing different materials used in several industries such as Food, Agriculture, Plastics, Petrchemicals, Pharmaceuticals and Medical applications.
This webinar also covers comprehensive TIDesigns that include complete hardware and software enable customers use complete TI technology – DLP chipsets complemented by extensive analog (power, led drivers, signal chain and others) and embedded processors.
Watch this webinar to learn:
·How to sell TI solutions in Industrial and factory automation
· Machine vision solutions used in industrial automation and robotic vision
·DLP based spectroscopy Food, Agriculture, Plastics, Petrochemicals, Pharmaceuticals and Medical applications
Duotech's F-16 Briefing During the 2015 F-16 TCG WWRLee Cloer
Brett Rogers, Vice President of Duotech Services, provides a presentation during the morning F-16 Briefings held at the 2015 F-16 TCG Worldwide Review. This briefing was held on the morning of September 14, 2015. If you missed this presentation, we recorded it and have included the full video at the link here > http://duotechservices.com/duotechs-briefing-f-16-tcg-wwr
GE Inspection Technologies reviews case studies of industrial production process control in the castings, aerospace and automotive industries using advanced computed tomography CT techniques. Presented to the American Society of Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) at the 2014 Annual Conference
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2. • Film disappearing and becoming more expensive
• Greater latitude than film
• Eliminates environmental concerns over chemicals
• Fast results
• Easier to automate
• Ability to focus on one area (zoom in)
• Ability to adjust the contrast levels
Why Digital Radiography?
3. • Lower resolution – up to 20 lp/mm for film compared to 5 lp/mm for
IH systems
• Resolution (as most people know it) is dependent upon many factors
with a DR panel:
-Pixel Size -Signal to Noise
-Frame Averaging -Monitor Quality
• Detectors are expensive
• Sensitive to scatter radiation
• Systems need qualification requirements
• Operators need training
• Specs and standards non-existent / inadequate
• Crack detection
– Crack size needs to be quantified
Why Not Digital Radiography?
4. Concerns of Digital Radiography
• Probability of detection (detectability)
–What is the probability that a defect will be detected in a
part?
•Is the standard penetrameter really appropriate
for DR techniques, are phantoms needed?
•Exposure adequacy
–How does the pixel value (exposure)
relate to film density to ensure that the
defect will be detected?
5. • Verification Plan developed internally due to lack / inadequacy of
DOD or commercial specification
• Bldg 1913 System qualified in February 2008
• Bldg 286 System qualified in July 2008
• Same process can be used for re-qualification if equipment is
upgraded or additional systems are installed.
• Qualification is based upon ability to see defects.
• Alternate process will be needed to qualify equipment for cracks in
pressed delay columns and propellant grains.
System Qualification
6. System Information
• 2 Cabinet X-Ray System in CAD/PAD Manufacturing Buildings
– Sealed cabinet systems in buildings 1913 & 286
– Varian 320kV Source, Vertical Beam
– Thales Flashscan 33 127um (0.005” pixel size)
– 14-bit Detector (16,384 shades of gray)
– 4-axis manipulator, manual or computer controlled in building 1913
– 5-axis manipulator, manual or computer controlled in building 286
8. • Technique approved for fully assembled cutters based upon prior inspection
of the knife – delay assemblies with film
• Inspection of 2 lots completed to date with new digital Radiographic
Acceptance Criteria (RAC)
• Digital x-ray was able to identify damaged firing pin tips that were very
difficult to recognize on film.
• The system was critical in screening a multitude of units recalled from the
fleet.
M21 Program Transition
Original
Enhanced
9. • Technique approved in February 2008.
• Completed inspection of 2 lots to date.
• Propellant easily identified with digital
radiography using the adjustments
available.
• Use of a Radiographic Quality Indicator
(RQI) instead of penetrameter.
JAU-8 Program Transition
Original Enhanced
10. • M91 technique approved in July of 2008.
• Inspected a production lot.
• Digital identified the presence of material that was
difficult to see with film.
M91 Cartridge Transition
M91 Unit Close up of material
11. • Holding fixture completed for vertical x-ray of units.
• Technique was approved 12/01/08.
CCU-22 Impulse Cartridges
Close up of Head
Body
12. Additional Units
• Request from NASA for digital x-ray of an electronic package assembly
for SEAWAR.
• Assisting PAX river with digital x-ray of inertial reels
13. Computed Radiography (CR)
• Indian Head has a 100 micron Fuji CR System now, primarily used for
special projects
• Currently a 50 micron system has been awarded through CIP, and
delivered. Have yet to evaluate capabilities of the system
• Will need to stand up and qualify the current 100 micron CR system as
well as the 50 micron system.
• Potential for significantly better spatial resolution but benefits may not be
realized due to signal/noise ratio
• CR being used by several CAD/PAD vendors, primarily Fuji systems.
• Once capabilities have been determined, programs will need to be
identified for the transition.
14. Digital vs. Computed Radiography
• Digital Radiography
– Pros
• Faster Results
• Easier to automate
• Sharper edges
– Cons
• Lower resolution
• More expensive upfront
• Detectors are costly and
can be damaged
• High Energy is risky
• Computed Radiography
– Pros
• Cheaper up front
• Less risk with High Energy
• Higher resolution
• Integrates easier into film
process
– Cons
• Still requires processing
15. • Indian Head employees participating in Federal Working
Group for Industrial Digital Radiography (FWG-IDR)
• IH Level III head of System Qualification Team
• Attending yearly Digital Radiography Conference
• “Qualification Requirements for the Radiographic
Inspection of CAD/PAD Devices using Digital
Radiography and Computed Radiography” document is
currently in routing for signature. Used to qualify vendor
systems.
Advancement at Indian Head
