Java is an object-oriented programming language that is platform independent, allowing code to run on any device. It features automatic memory management, strong typing, and multi-threading. Java code is compiled to bytecode that runs on a Java Virtual Machine, providing platform independence. Methods and classes encapsulate code and data, and inheritance, polymorphism, and interfaces support object-oriented programming.
- Java is a platform independent programming language that is similar to C++ in syntax but similar to Smalltalk in its object-oriented approach. It provides features like automatic memory management, security, and multi-threading capabilities.
- Java code is compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The JVM then interprets the bytecode and may perform just-in-time (JIT) compilation for improved performance. This allows Java programs to run on any platform with a JVM.
- Java supports object-oriented programming principles like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Classes can contain methods and instance variables. Methods can be called on objects to perform operations or retrieve data.
- Java is a platform independent programming language that is similar to C++ in syntax but similar to Smalltalk in its object-oriented approach. It provides features like automatic memory management, security, and multi-threading capabilities.
- Java code is compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Only depending on the JVM allows Java code to run on any hardware or operating system with a JVM.
- Java supports object-oriented programming concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. Classes can contain methods and instance variables. Methods perform actions and can return values.
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language. It discusses key features such as platform independence, object-oriented programming principles like inheritance and polymorphism, automatic memory management, and security features. It also covers basic Java concepts like primitive data types, variables, operators, flow control statements, methods, and classes.
Java is a platform independent programming language similar to C++ in syntax and Smalltalk in mental paradigm. It has features like automatic type checking, garbage collection, simplified pointers and network access. Java code is compiled to bytecode, which is interpreted by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) on various platforms, making Java portable across different operating systems and hardware. Methods and data in Java classes can be declared as public or private to control access and eliminate errors between classes.
This document provides an overview of key Java concepts including:
- Java is an object-oriented, platform-independent programming language similar to C++ in syntax. It was developed by Sun Microsystems.
- Java features include automatic memory management, type safety, multi-threading, and network programming capabilities. Code is compiled to bytecode that runs on the Java Virtual Machine.
- Core Java concepts discussed include primitive types, variables, operators, control flow statements, methods, classes, objects, arrays, inheritance, polymorphism and encapsulation.
- Additional topics covered are packages, access modifiers, constructors, overloading, overriding, and inner classes.
This document provides an overview of key Java concepts including identifiers, literals, statements, variables, operators and expressions, references, objects, and classes. It discusses how identifiers are used to name variables, methods, and classes. It describes different types of literals and rules for specifying values. It outlines common Java statement types and syntax. It explains that variables can be primitive types or reference types, and must be declared before use. It covers precedence rules for operators and common expression examples. It distinguishes between object references and objects themselves. And it provides examples of creating objects from classes and accessing object properties through references.
This document provides an introduction to the Java programming language. It discusses that Java code is written in the Java programming language and compiled to Java Virtual Machine (JVM) byte code. The JVM then interprets the byte code on different platforms. Java code is portable across operating systems since it runs on the JVM. The document also covers Java classes, objects, primitive data types, arrays, scoping, and importing libraries. It provides an example of a simple "Hello World" Java program.
- Java is a platform independent programming language that is similar to C++ in syntax but similar to Smalltalk in its object-oriented approach. It provides features like automatic memory management, security, and multi-threading capabilities.
- Java code is compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The JVM then interprets the bytecode and may perform just-in-time (JIT) compilation for improved performance. This allows Java programs to run on any platform with a JVM.
- Java supports object-oriented programming principles like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Classes can contain methods and instance variables. Methods can be called on objects to perform operations or retrieve data.
- Java is a platform independent programming language that is similar to C++ in syntax but similar to Smalltalk in its object-oriented approach. It provides features like automatic memory management, security, and multi-threading capabilities.
- Java code is compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Only depending on the JVM allows Java code to run on any hardware or operating system with a JVM.
- Java supports object-oriented programming concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. Classes can contain methods and instance variables. Methods perform actions and can return values.
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language. It discusses key features such as platform independence, object-oriented programming principles like inheritance and polymorphism, automatic memory management, and security features. It also covers basic Java concepts like primitive data types, variables, operators, flow control statements, methods, and classes.
Java is a platform independent programming language similar to C++ in syntax and Smalltalk in mental paradigm. It has features like automatic type checking, garbage collection, simplified pointers and network access. Java code is compiled to bytecode, which is interpreted by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) on various platforms, making Java portable across different operating systems and hardware. Methods and data in Java classes can be declared as public or private to control access and eliminate errors between classes.
This document provides an overview of key Java concepts including:
- Java is an object-oriented, platform-independent programming language similar to C++ in syntax. It was developed by Sun Microsystems.
- Java features include automatic memory management, type safety, multi-threading, and network programming capabilities. Code is compiled to bytecode that runs on the Java Virtual Machine.
- Core Java concepts discussed include primitive types, variables, operators, control flow statements, methods, classes, objects, arrays, inheritance, polymorphism and encapsulation.
- Additional topics covered are packages, access modifiers, constructors, overloading, overriding, and inner classes.
This document provides an overview of key Java concepts including identifiers, literals, statements, variables, operators and expressions, references, objects, and classes. It discusses how identifiers are used to name variables, methods, and classes. It describes different types of literals and rules for specifying values. It outlines common Java statement types and syntax. It explains that variables can be primitive types or reference types, and must be declared before use. It covers precedence rules for operators and common expression examples. It distinguishes between object references and objects themselves. And it provides examples of creating objects from classes and accessing object properties through references.
This document provides an introduction to the Java programming language. It discusses that Java code is written in the Java programming language and compiled to Java Virtual Machine (JVM) byte code. The JVM then interprets the byte code on different platforms. Java code is portable across operating systems since it runs on the JVM. The document also covers Java classes, objects, primitive data types, arrays, scoping, and importing libraries. It provides an example of a simple "Hello World" Java program.
This document discusses the different types of tokens in Java including keywords, identifiers, literals, operators, and separators. It provides examples and details for each token type. Keywords such as if, else, class cannot be used as identifiers. Identifiers name variables and follow naming rules. Literals represent fixed values like integers and strings. Operators perform operations on operands like addition and comparison. Separators include braces, brackets, parentheses and terminators used in code blocks and expressions.
Unit I Advanced Java Programming Courseparveen837153
This document provides information about an Advanced Java Programming course taught by Dr. S.SHAIK PARVEEN. It includes details about the course such as prerequisites, objectives, units, and basic Java syntax concepts covered. The document outlines topics like variable declarations, operators, control flow statements, arrays, and object-oriented programming concepts in Java. It aims to teach students advanced Java programming skills like implementing object-oriented principles, working with classes, methods, and threads, as well as creating applets, GUI components, and Java beans.
that's introduced for Students at Al-Azhar university Faculty of Engineering .
it talk about :
- what is programming .
- Java ?
- Data types .
- Operations .
- if condition
- loops
for any inquiries don't be hesitate to Contact me.
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language. It discusses key Java concepts like object-oriented programming, classes, methods, streams, and input/output. It also covers Java syntax like primitive types, variables, operators, flow control, and arrays. The document explains how Java code is compiled to bytecode and run on the Java Virtual Machine, making it platform independent.
Java allows writing code once that can run on any platform. It compiles to bytecode that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Key features include automatic memory management, object-oriented design, platform independence, security, and multi-threading. Classes are defined in .java files and compiled to .class files. The JVM interprets bytecode and uses just-in-time compilation to improve performance.
At first glance, writing concurrent programs in Java seems like a straight-forward task. But the devil is in the detail. Fortunately, these details are strictly regulated by the Java memory model which, roughly speaking, decides what values a program can observe for a field at any given time. Without respecting the memory model, a Java program might behave erratic and yield bugs that only occure on some hardware platforms. This presentation summarizes the guarantees that are given by Java's memory model and teaches how to properly use volatile and final fields or synchronized code blocks. Instead of discussing the model in terms of memory model formalisms, this presentation builds on easy-to follow Java code examples.
The document discusses basic Java concepts including identifiers, keywords, literals, primitive data types, variables, operators, control flow statements, classes, methods, inheritance, polymorphism, packages and modifiers. It provides definitions and examples of key concepts like classes, objects, methods, inheritance, polymorphism, packages, modifiers, variables and data types. It also lists Java keywords, reserved words and literals.
Java tutorial for Beginners and Entry LevelRamrao Desai
This document provides an overview of key Java concepts including classes, objects, inheritance, interfaces, exceptions, and more. It begins with a roadmap and definitions of object-oriented concepts like class and object. It then covers class variables and methods, visibility, static vs non-static, constructors, and the this keyword. The document also discusses inheritance, polymorphism, interfaces, exceptions, and error handling in Java.
The document discusses key concepts in Java including:
1) The javadoc program generates API documentation from source code comments. Classes contain data fields and methods and can have inner classes.
2) Objects have lifetimes separate from primitive variables and remain in memory until garbage collected. Static methods and fields exist independently of any object.
3) Arrays are objects that are dynamically allocated and indexed starting at 0. Arrays know their own length and certain operations are defined on arrays.
Java agents and their instrumentation API offer developers the most powerful toolset to interact with a Java application. Using this API, it becomes possible to alter the code of running applications, for example to add monitoring or to inject security checks as it is done by many enterprise products for the Java ecosystem.
In this session, developers will learn how to program Java agents of their own that make use of the instrumentation API. Doing so, developers learn how the majority of tooling for the JVM is implemented and will learn about Byte Buddy, a high level code generation library that does not require any knowledge of Java byte code that is normally required for writing agents. In the process, developers will see how Java classes can be used as templates for implementing highly performant code changes that avoid the boilerplate of alternative solutions such as AspectJ or Javassist while still performing better than agents implemented in low-level libraries such as ASM.
Java is an object-oriented programming language created by James Gosling. It was originally called Oak but was later renamed to Java. The document discusses the different editions of Java including J2SE, J2EE, and J2ME. It also covers key Java technologies like applets, servlets, JSP, and Swing. The document provides an overview of Java features such as being platform independent, portable, multi-threaded, and having a Java Virtual Machine. It also discusses concepts like inheritance, interfaces, packages, exceptions, and input/output in Java.
This document provides an overview of Java generics through examples. It begins with simple examples demonstrating how generics can be used to define container classes (BoxPrinter) and pair classes (Pair). It discusses benefits like type safety and avoiding duplication. Further examples show generics with methods and limitations like erasure. Wildcard types are presented as a way to address subtyping issues. In general, generics provide flexibility in coding but their syntax can sometimes be complex to read.
This document provides an introduction to Java programming concepts including:
- Java is both a programming language and platform that is simple, architecture neutral, object-oriented, and portable.
- Java source code is written in .java files and compiled into .class files by javac before being executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
- The JVM allows Java programs to run on any platform without recompilation, providing platform independence.
- Key Java concepts covered include objects, classes, methods, variables, data types, operators, control flow, and arrays.
- Examples demonstrate how to write, compile, and run simple Java programs to illustrate these core programming concepts.
This document provides an overview of Module 02 - Basic Java Programming which covers basic Java programming concepts such as variables, data types, operators, classes, objects, and methods. It also discusses compiling and running Java applications from the command line and with an IDE. Hands-on labs are included to build a simple Java application with JDeveloper IDE, create a JAR file, and use JConsole to monitor a Java application.
This document provides examples of Java programming concepts and code snippets to demonstrate how to implement various Java features. It includes examples for Java basics like strings, arrays, files and directories as well as more advanced topics like collections, networking, threading and GUI programming. Each section breaks down a specific concept like string manipulation or environment settings into discrete code examples that show how to perform common tasks like comparing strings, setting the classpath, or splitting a string.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in Java, including classes, objects, variables, methods, constructors, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It defines classes and objects, and describes how classes act as blueprints for objects. It explains the syntax for defining classes and class members like variables and methods. It also covers method overloading, different types of methods, and how constructors are used to initialize objects. The document concludes with brief explanations of abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism as fundamental principles of object-oriented design.
The document contains code snippets from 3 weekly coding assignments:
1) A Java program to check if a string is a palindrome. It compares characters at the beginning and end of the string.
2) A Java program to sort a list of names in ascending order using string comparison and swapping.
3) A Java program to count the frequency of words in a given text by tokenizing, sorting, and printing the words.
This document discusses the Java Memory Model (JMM) and how it describes how threads interact through memory in Java. It covers key aspects of the JMM including happens-before ordering, memory barriers, visibility rules, and how final fields and atomic instructions interact with the memory model. It also discusses performance considerations and how different processor architectures implement memory ordering.
This is a chart I designed with personal branding in mind. This is not a one size fits all solution. This is a strategy that is being used for a client. I welcome all comments. Feel free to use this as you see fit.
Thanks.
Take Your Brand to the Top - Hire THIS GUY!Nathan Smoyer
THIS GUY, Nathan Smoyer, is a well versed professional in internet, promotional, experiential and guerilla marketing. His knack to think unconventionally combined with his focus on personal relationships and strategic approaches make him a powerhouse for promoting your brand. He's for hire, contact him today!
Making the Transition from Print to Digital Design Tim Frick
This presentation explains different techniques and concepts relevant to transitioning best practices in print design to those of the web and other digital media. It covers universal principles that apply across-the-board as well as those unique to each discipline and offers specific insights on easing your transition from one to the next.
This document discusses the different types of tokens in Java including keywords, identifiers, literals, operators, and separators. It provides examples and details for each token type. Keywords such as if, else, class cannot be used as identifiers. Identifiers name variables and follow naming rules. Literals represent fixed values like integers and strings. Operators perform operations on operands like addition and comparison. Separators include braces, brackets, parentheses and terminators used in code blocks and expressions.
Unit I Advanced Java Programming Courseparveen837153
This document provides information about an Advanced Java Programming course taught by Dr. S.SHAIK PARVEEN. It includes details about the course such as prerequisites, objectives, units, and basic Java syntax concepts covered. The document outlines topics like variable declarations, operators, control flow statements, arrays, and object-oriented programming concepts in Java. It aims to teach students advanced Java programming skills like implementing object-oriented principles, working with classes, methods, and threads, as well as creating applets, GUI components, and Java beans.
that's introduced for Students at Al-Azhar university Faculty of Engineering .
it talk about :
- what is programming .
- Java ?
- Data types .
- Operations .
- if condition
- loops
for any inquiries don't be hesitate to Contact me.
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language. It discusses key Java concepts like object-oriented programming, classes, methods, streams, and input/output. It also covers Java syntax like primitive types, variables, operators, flow control, and arrays. The document explains how Java code is compiled to bytecode and run on the Java Virtual Machine, making it platform independent.
Java allows writing code once that can run on any platform. It compiles to bytecode that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Key features include automatic memory management, object-oriented design, platform independence, security, and multi-threading. Classes are defined in .java files and compiled to .class files. The JVM interprets bytecode and uses just-in-time compilation to improve performance.
At first glance, writing concurrent programs in Java seems like a straight-forward task. But the devil is in the detail. Fortunately, these details are strictly regulated by the Java memory model which, roughly speaking, decides what values a program can observe for a field at any given time. Without respecting the memory model, a Java program might behave erratic and yield bugs that only occure on some hardware platforms. This presentation summarizes the guarantees that are given by Java's memory model and teaches how to properly use volatile and final fields or synchronized code blocks. Instead of discussing the model in terms of memory model formalisms, this presentation builds on easy-to follow Java code examples.
The document discusses basic Java concepts including identifiers, keywords, literals, primitive data types, variables, operators, control flow statements, classes, methods, inheritance, polymorphism, packages and modifiers. It provides definitions and examples of key concepts like classes, objects, methods, inheritance, polymorphism, packages, modifiers, variables and data types. It also lists Java keywords, reserved words and literals.
Java tutorial for Beginners and Entry LevelRamrao Desai
This document provides an overview of key Java concepts including classes, objects, inheritance, interfaces, exceptions, and more. It begins with a roadmap and definitions of object-oriented concepts like class and object. It then covers class variables and methods, visibility, static vs non-static, constructors, and the this keyword. The document also discusses inheritance, polymorphism, interfaces, exceptions, and error handling in Java.
The document discusses key concepts in Java including:
1) The javadoc program generates API documentation from source code comments. Classes contain data fields and methods and can have inner classes.
2) Objects have lifetimes separate from primitive variables and remain in memory until garbage collected. Static methods and fields exist independently of any object.
3) Arrays are objects that are dynamically allocated and indexed starting at 0. Arrays know their own length and certain operations are defined on arrays.
Java agents and their instrumentation API offer developers the most powerful toolset to interact with a Java application. Using this API, it becomes possible to alter the code of running applications, for example to add monitoring or to inject security checks as it is done by many enterprise products for the Java ecosystem.
In this session, developers will learn how to program Java agents of their own that make use of the instrumentation API. Doing so, developers learn how the majority of tooling for the JVM is implemented and will learn about Byte Buddy, a high level code generation library that does not require any knowledge of Java byte code that is normally required for writing agents. In the process, developers will see how Java classes can be used as templates for implementing highly performant code changes that avoid the boilerplate of alternative solutions such as AspectJ or Javassist while still performing better than agents implemented in low-level libraries such as ASM.
Java is an object-oriented programming language created by James Gosling. It was originally called Oak but was later renamed to Java. The document discusses the different editions of Java including J2SE, J2EE, and J2ME. It also covers key Java technologies like applets, servlets, JSP, and Swing. The document provides an overview of Java features such as being platform independent, portable, multi-threaded, and having a Java Virtual Machine. It also discusses concepts like inheritance, interfaces, packages, exceptions, and input/output in Java.
This document provides an overview of Java generics through examples. It begins with simple examples demonstrating how generics can be used to define container classes (BoxPrinter) and pair classes (Pair). It discusses benefits like type safety and avoiding duplication. Further examples show generics with methods and limitations like erasure. Wildcard types are presented as a way to address subtyping issues. In general, generics provide flexibility in coding but their syntax can sometimes be complex to read.
This document provides an introduction to Java programming concepts including:
- Java is both a programming language and platform that is simple, architecture neutral, object-oriented, and portable.
- Java source code is written in .java files and compiled into .class files by javac before being executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
- The JVM allows Java programs to run on any platform without recompilation, providing platform independence.
- Key Java concepts covered include objects, classes, methods, variables, data types, operators, control flow, and arrays.
- Examples demonstrate how to write, compile, and run simple Java programs to illustrate these core programming concepts.
This document provides an overview of Module 02 - Basic Java Programming which covers basic Java programming concepts such as variables, data types, operators, classes, objects, and methods. It also discusses compiling and running Java applications from the command line and with an IDE. Hands-on labs are included to build a simple Java application with JDeveloper IDE, create a JAR file, and use JConsole to monitor a Java application.
This document provides examples of Java programming concepts and code snippets to demonstrate how to implement various Java features. It includes examples for Java basics like strings, arrays, files and directories as well as more advanced topics like collections, networking, threading and GUI programming. Each section breaks down a specific concept like string manipulation or environment settings into discrete code examples that show how to perform common tasks like comparing strings, setting the classpath, or splitting a string.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in Java, including classes, objects, variables, methods, constructors, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It defines classes and objects, and describes how classes act as blueprints for objects. It explains the syntax for defining classes and class members like variables and methods. It also covers method overloading, different types of methods, and how constructors are used to initialize objects. The document concludes with brief explanations of abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism as fundamental principles of object-oriented design.
The document contains code snippets from 3 weekly coding assignments:
1) A Java program to check if a string is a palindrome. It compares characters at the beginning and end of the string.
2) A Java program to sort a list of names in ascending order using string comparison and swapping.
3) A Java program to count the frequency of words in a given text by tokenizing, sorting, and printing the words.
This document discusses the Java Memory Model (JMM) and how it describes how threads interact through memory in Java. It covers key aspects of the JMM including happens-before ordering, memory barriers, visibility rules, and how final fields and atomic instructions interact with the memory model. It also discusses performance considerations and how different processor architectures implement memory ordering.
This is a chart I designed with personal branding in mind. This is not a one size fits all solution. This is a strategy that is being used for a client. I welcome all comments. Feel free to use this as you see fit.
Thanks.
Take Your Brand to the Top - Hire THIS GUY!Nathan Smoyer
THIS GUY, Nathan Smoyer, is a well versed professional in internet, promotional, experiential and guerilla marketing. His knack to think unconventionally combined with his focus on personal relationships and strategic approaches make him a powerhouse for promoting your brand. He's for hire, contact him today!
Making the Transition from Print to Digital Design Tim Frick
This presentation explains different techniques and concepts relevant to transitioning best practices in print design to those of the web and other digital media. It covers universal principles that apply across-the-board as well as those unique to each discipline and offers specific insights on easing your transition from one to the next.
The document discusses the growing mobile app market globally and in Australia. It notes that the iPhone App Store has passed 10 billion downloads and 400,000 apps, while Android has over 1 billion downloads. Three quarters of Australian smartphone users have downloaded free apps, most commonly in the categories of social, games, maps, travel, and weather. The document outlines the landscape of paid and free apps, and how free apps can improve brands through loyalty, exposure, and market research. It provides examples of successful branded utility and entertainment apps, and discusses best practices for developing, marketing, and supporting apps over the long term.
"Fun & Functionality - Brand strategies for the future of the Mobile Internet"Webling
The document discusses mobile app trends globally and in Australia. It notes that the iPhone App Store passed 5 billion downloads in June 2010, with the last billion taking only two months. Three quarters of Australian smartphone users have downloaded free apps, with social, games, maps, travel, weather and banking as the most useful categories. The document outlines different models for paid and free apps, and how free branded utility and entertainment apps can improve brands through exposure, reach consumers with low costs, and influence purchase decisions. It provides case studies of successful branded Australian apps from Tic Tac and Coles.
Mobile Strategy considerations and 5 tips for SMB's (presentation given at Let's Talk Business June 7th, 2011)
http://www.letstalkbusiness.nsw.gov.au/app/articles/articles/view/small-business-and-mobile-marketing
The document discusses the history and features of MS-DOS operating systems. It describes how MS-DOS was the dominant operating system for PCs in the 1980s and early 1990s. Key aspects included its single-tasking nature, reliance on command line interfaces, and use of files like IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, and COMMAND.COM to manage hardware, memory, and launch programs. The document outlines major versions from MS-DOS 1 through 6 and how they supported newer hardware, added networking functionality, and incorporated early graphical elements to interface with users.
This document provides instructions for advanced web design using Dreamweaver. It discusses using cascading style sheets (CSS) to change the appearance of HTML elements like links and applying styles through element tags, classes, IDs, and inline styles. It also covers including dynamic and reusable content through includes, templates, and programming. The document walks through deconstructing a sample page into header, navigation, footer, and other modular pieces that can be reused across pages and customized individually. Finally, it provides tips for organizing files, naming conventions, image sizes, and keeping content current.
This document provides an overview and agenda for a computer forensics class. It discusses reviewing the previous lab assignment, beginning a discussion on working with Windows and DOS systems, and recapping the previous lab which focused on understanding how to properly prepare for forensics work by learning DOS and having part of the lab report started in advance. The document then outlines the objectives and topics to be covered in working with Windows and DOS systems, including understanding file systems, exploring Microsoft file structures like FAT, NTFS, and the boot sequence.
This short poem wishes the recipient of a birthday greeting that the year ahead will be filled with happy memories made with friends, receiving flowers as gifts, and achieving shining dreams and aspirations. The poem plays with line breaks and ellipses to convey a lighthearted and optimistic sentiment for the birthday celebration being just the start of good things to come in the upcoming year.
This document provides an overview of Oracle database concepts including physical and logical structures, the system global area (SGA) and program global area (PGA), background processes, and the computer science database instance details. It describes the physical structures of datafiles, control files, redo log files, and archive log files. It also outlines the logical structures of tablespaces, data blocks, extents, segments, and schemas. Key background processes like SMON, PMON, DBWR, LGWR, and CKPT are summarized. Details provided on the computer science database include the server, instance name, tablespaces, and tape backup.
This document provides an overview of distance vector routing protocols RIP and IGRP. It discusses key concepts like distance vector updates, problems like routing loops and counting to infinity, and their solutions using mechanisms like split horizon and poison reverse. The document also covers commands to configure and verify RIP and IGRP, and how to migrate from RIP to IGRP on routers.
This document introduces SQL group functions. It discusses how to use aggregate functions like SUM, AVG, COUNT, MIN, MAX to perform calculations across multiple rows. It explains how to use the GROUP BY clause to group data and the HAVING clause as the WHERE clause for grouped data. It also covers nesting functions, order of clause evaluation, and statistical functions like STDDEV and VARIANCE.
1. The document provides instructions for setting up a Lotus Domino server by copying configuration files from an existing server, configuring server settings like the server ID and address book, and disabling unnecessary server functions.
2. Key steps include copying the address book and server ID files, removing the read only attribute, configuring the server name and ID to match the source server, selecting the address book source, disabling specific server functions, and configuring TCP/IP settings.
3. Once completed, the instructions state the new server is ready for use and provides an example command to pull database files from the source server.
This document discusses concurrent programming in Java and introduces the Jcc programming model as an alternative. Jcc replaces threads with vats that execute single-threadedly. Communication between vats uses ports to pass immutable objects. Within a vat, promises (=typed logical variables) and watchers allow constraints-based concurrency similar to timed default concurrent constraint programming. The document uses a bank account application example to illustrate vats, ports, promises, and watchers in Jcc.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document discusses Citrix Presentation Server 4's new universal printer driver (UPD) which provides several improvements over previous versions:
- It is based on the enhanced metafile (EMF) format which allows printing to be 2-4 times faster and produces smaller print files.
- It supports all device printing options without needing individual drivers, eliminating driver management headaches.
- Eschelon Telecom upgraded to take advantage of the new UPD to simplify printing to their diverse printer fleet across various client environments and locations.
Windows XP comes in several editions, including Home Edition for home users and Professional Edition for corporate networks. It includes security and networking enhancements over previous versions. There are three main installation strategies: clean install, upgrade, and side-by-side. A clean install wipes the hard drive and installs XP fresh, while an upgrade preserves existing software and settings but can cause instability. Side-by-side installs XP on a separate partition to allow booting between multiple OS versions. The four steps of a clean install are file copy, text mode setup, GUI mode setup, and the Windows welcome process.
This document discusses virtualization strategies and trends. It outlines key IT challenges like simplifying management, reducing costs, and increasing security. Benefits of virtualization include reduced administration efforts, lower costs, improved resource utilization and increased availability. Server virtualization can enable server consolidation, support of multiple OS/applications, lab/deployment testing and disaster recovery. Application virtualization allows running incompatible applications in isolation. Planning for hardware virtualization involves ensuring appropriate licensing and addressing performance considerations.
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language. It discusses how Java is platform independent and compiles code to bytecode that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Key Java features like automatic memory management, object-oriented design, and security are summarized. The document also covers Java syntax like data types, operators, control flow, and classes/methods. It provides examples of working with files, streams, and serialization in Java.
- Java is a platform independent programming language that is similar to C++ in syntax but similar to Smalltalk in its object-oriented approach. It provides features like automatic memory management, security, and multi-threading capabilities.
- Java code is compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Only depending on the JVM allows Java code to run on any hardware or operating system with a JVM.
- Java supports object-oriented programming concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. Classes can contain methods and instance variables to define objects.
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language. It discusses topics such as how Java code is compiled and run, Java's platform independence, object-oriented features like inheritance and polymorphism, basic syntax like variables and loops, and input/output stream manipulation. The document is intended as a tutorial or introduction to Java for learning purposes.
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language including how it works, its features, syntax, and input/output capabilities. Java allows software to run on any device by compiling code to bytecode that runs on a virtual machine. It is object-oriented, supports features like inheritance and polymorphism, and has memory management and security benefits over other languages. The document also discusses Java concepts like classes, methods, arrays, and streams for file input/output.
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language including how it works, its features, syntax, and input/output capabilities. Java allows software to run on any device by compiling code to bytecode that runs on a virtual machine instead of a particular computer architecture. It is an object-oriented language with features like automatic memory management, cross-platform capabilities, and a robust class library.
Java allows for platform-independent programming through bytecode compilation. It uses a similar syntax to C++ and object model to Smalltalk. While interpreted, Java code is compiled to bytecode then executed by a Java Virtual Machine. Key Java concepts include primitive data types, variables, operators, conditional and looping statements like if/else, for, and while to control program flow.
This has been presented in association with Robosepians for Java concepts. Basic concepts of Java including features, conditional statements, loop statements, arrays, string, primitive datatypes, essentials of Java including oops concepts, classes, objects, polymorphism, advance topics including packages, exception handling, multihtreading and network programming have been discussed.
The document discusses key concepts in Java programming including:
1. Java is an object-oriented programming language that is platform independent and allows developers to create applications, applets, and web applications.
2. The Java code is first compiled to bytecode, which can then be executed on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM) regardless of the underlying hardware or operating system.
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1. Java's architecture consists of four main components: the Java programming language, Java class files, the Java API, and the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
2. When a Java program is written and run, it uses these four technologies. The program is written in Java source code and compiled to class files, which are then run on the JVM along with the Java API library.
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The document discusses Java architecture and fundamentals. It can be summarized as:
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2. When a Java program is written and run, it uses these four technologies. The program is written in Java source code and compiled to class files, which are then run on the JVM along with the Java API library.
3. The JVM handles execution by using areas like the method area for bytecode storage, the Java stack for method calls and parameters, and the heap for object instantiation and garbage collection.
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2. When a Java program is written and run, it uses these four technologies. The program is written in Java source code and compiled to class files, which are then run on the JVM along with the Java API library.
3. The JVM handles execution by using areas like the method area for bytecode storage, the Java stack for method calls and parameters, and the heap for object instantiation and garbage collection.
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2. Java - General
Java is:
– platform independent programming
language
– similar to C++ in syntax
– similar to Smalltalk in mental paradigm
Pros: also ubiquitous to net
Cons: interpreted, and still under
development (moving target)
3. Java - General
Java has some interesting features:
– automatic type checking,
– automatic garbage collection,
– simplifies pointers; no directly accessible
pointer to memory,
– simplified network access,
– multi-threading!
4. Compile-time EnvironmentCompile-time Environment
Java
Bytecodes
move locally
or through
network
Java
Source
(.java)
Java
Compiler
Java
Bytecode
(.class )
Java
Interpreter
Just in
Time
Compiler
Runtime System
Class
Loader
Bytecode
Verifier
Java
Class
Libraries
Operating System
Hardware
Java
Virtual
machine
How it works…!
5. How it works…!
Java is independent only for one reason:
– Only depends on the Java Virtual Machine
(JVM),
– code is compiled to bytecode, which is
interpreted by the resident JVM,
– JIT (just in time) compilers attempt to
increase speed.
6. Java - Security
Pointer denial - reduces chances of
virulent programs corrupting host,
Applets even more restricted -
– May not
• run local executables,
• Read or write to local file system,
• Communicate with any server other than the
originating server.
7. Object-Oriented
Java supports OOD
– Polymorphism
– Inheritance
– Encapsulation
Java programs contain nothing but
definitions and instantiations of classes
– Everything is encapsulated in a class!
8. Java Advantages
Portable - Write Once, Run Anywhere
Security has been well thought through
Robust memory management
Designed for network programming
Multi-threaded (multiple simultaneous tasks)
Dynamic & extensible (loads of libraries)
– Classes stored in separate files
– Loaded only when needed
10. Primitive Types and Variables
boolean, char, byte, short, int, long, float, double etc.
These basic (or primitive) types are the only types
that are not objects (due to performance issues).
This means that you don’t use the new operator to
create a primitive variable.
Declaring primitive variables:
float initVal;
int retVal, index = 2;
double gamma = 1.2, brightness
boolean valueOk = false;
11. Initialisation
If no value is assigned prior to use, then the
compiler will give an error
Java sets primitive variables to zero or false
in the case of a boolean variable
All object references are initially set to null
An array of anything is an object
– Set to null on declaration
– Elements to zero false or null on creation
12. Declarations
int index = 1.2; // compiler error
boolean retOk = 1; // compiler error
double fiveFourths = 5 / 4; // no error!
float ratio = 5.8f; // correct
double fiveFourths = 5.0 / 4.0; // correct
1.2f is a float value accurate to 7 decimal places.
1.2 is a double value accurate to 15 decimal places.
13. All Java assignments are right associative
int a = 1, b = 2, c = 5
a = b = c
System.out.print(
“a= “ + a + “b= “ + b + “c= “ + c)
What is the value of a, b & c
Done right to left: a = (b = c);
Assignment
14. Basic Mathematical Operators
* / % + - are the mathematical operators
* / % have a higher precedence than + or -
double myVal = a + b % d – c * d / b;
Is the same as:
double myVal = (a + (b % d)) –
((c * d) / b);
15. Statements & Blocks
A simple statement is a command terminated by
a semi-colon:
name = “Fred”;
A block is a compound statement enclosed in
curly brackets:
{
name1 = “Fred”; name2 = “Bill”;
}
Blocks may contain other blocks
16. Flow of Control
Java executes one statement after the other
in the order they are written
Many Java statements are flow control
statements:
Alternation: if, if else, switch
Looping: for, while, do while
Escapes: break, continue, return
17. If – The Conditional Statement
The if statement evaluates an expression and if that
evaluation is true then the specified action is taken
if ( x < 10 ) x = 10;
If the value of x is less than 10, make x equal to 10
It could have been written:
if ( x < 10 )
x = 10;
Or, alternatively:
if ( x < 10 ) { x = 10; }
18. Relational Operators
== Equal (careful)
!= Not equal
>= Greater than or equal
<= Less than or equal
> Greater than
< Less than
19. If… else
The if … else statement evaluates an expression and
performs one action if that evaluation is true or a
different action if it is false.
if (x != oldx) {
System.out.print(“x was changed”);
}
else {
System.out.print(“x is unchanged”);
}
20. Nested if … else
if ( myVal > 100 ) {
if ( remainderOn == true) {
myVal = mVal % 100;
}
else {
myVal = myVal / 100.0;
}
}
else
{
System.out.print(“myVal is in range”);
}
21. else if
Useful for choosing between alternatives:
if ( n == 1 ) {
// execute code block #1
}
else if ( j == 2 ) {
// execute code block #2
}
else {
// if all previous tests have failed,
execute code block #3
}
22. A Warning…
WRONG!
if( i == j )
if ( j == k )
System.out.print(
“i equals k”);
else
System.out.print(
“i is not equal
to j”);
CORRECT!
if( i == j ) {
if ( j == k )
System.out.print(
“i equals k”);
}
else
System.out.print(“
i is not equal to
j”); // Correct!
23. The switch Statement
switch ( n ) {
case 1:
// execute code block #1
break;
case 2:
// execute code block #2
break;
default:
// if all previous tests fail then
//execute code block #4
break;
}
24. The for loop
Loop n times
for ( i = 0; i < n; n++ ) {
// this code body will execute n times
// ifrom 0 to n-1
}
Nested for:
for ( j = 0; j < 10; j++ ) {
for ( i = 0; i < 20; i++ ){
// this code body will execute 200 times
}
}
25. while loops
while(response == 1) {
System.out.print( “ID =” +
userID[n]);
n++;
response = readInt( “Enter “);
}
What is the minimum number of times the loop
is executed?
What is the maximum number of times?
26. do {… } while loops
do {
System.out.print( “ID =” + userID[n] );
n++;
response = readInt( “Enter ” );
}while (response == 1);
What is the minimum number of times the loop
is executed?
What is the maximum number of times?
27. Break
A break statement causes an exit from the
innermost containing while, do, for or
switch statement.
for ( int i = 0; i < maxID, i++ ) {
if ( userID[i] == targetID ) {
index = i;
break;
}
} // program jumps here after break
28. Continue
Can only be used with while, do or for.
The continue statement causes the innermost loop to
start the next iteration immediately
for ( int i = 0; i < maxID; i++ ) {
if ( userID[i] != -1 ) continue;
System.out.print( “UserID ” + i + “ :” +
userID);
}
29. Arrays
Am array is a list of similar things
An array has a fixed:
– name
– type
– length
These must be declared when the array is created.
Arrays sizes cannot be changed during the execution
of the code
30. myArray has room for 8 elements
the elements are accessed by their index
in Java, array indices start at 0
3 6 3 1 6 3 4 1myArray =
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
31. Declaring Arrays
int myArray[];
declares myArray to be an array of integers
myArray = new int[8];
sets up 8 integer-sized spaces in memory,
labelled myArray[0] to myArray[7]
int myArray[] = new int[8];
combines the two statements in one line
32. Assigning Values
refer to the array elements by index to store values in
them.
myArray[0] = 3;
myArray[1] = 6;
myArray[2] = 3; ...
can create and initialise in one step:
int myArray[] = {3, 6, 3, 1, 6, 3, 4, 1};
33. Iterating Through Arrays
for loops are useful when dealing with arrays:
for (int i = 0; i <
myArray.length; i++) {
myArray[i] = getsomevalue();
}
34. Arrays of Objects
So far we have looked at an array of primitive types.
– integers
– could also use doubles, floats, characters…
Often want to have an array of objects
– Students, Books, Loans ……
Need to follow 3 steps.
35. Declaring the Array
1. Declare the array
private Student studentList[];
– this declares studentList
2 .Create the array
studentList = new Student[10];
– this sets up 10 spaces in memory that can
hold references to Student objects
3. Create Student objects and add them to the
array: studentList[0] = new
Student("Cathy", "Computing");
37. Classes ARE Object Definitions
OOP - object oriented programming
code built from objects
Java these are called classes
Each class definition is coded in a
separate .java file
Name of the object must match the
class/object name
38. The three principles of OOP
Encapsulation
– Objects hide their
functions (methods) and
data (instance
variables)
Inheritance
– Each subclass inherits
all variables of its
superclass
Polymorphism
– Interface same despite
different data types
car
auto-
matic
manual
Super class
Subclasses
draw() draw()
39. Simple Class and Method
Class Fruit{
int grams;
int cals_per_gram;
int total_calories() {
return(grams*cals_per_gram);
}
}
40. Methods
A method is a named sequence of code that can be
invoked by other Java code.
A method takes some parameters, performs some
computations and then optionally returns a value (or
object).
Methods can be used as part of an expression
statement.
public float convertCelsius(float tempC) {
return( ((tempC * 9.0f) / 5.0f) + 32.0 );
}
41. Method Signatures
A method signature specifies:
– The name of the method.
– The type and name of each parameter.
– The type of the value (or object) returned by the method.
– The checked exceptions thrown by the method.
– Various method modifiers.
– modifiers type name ( parameter list ) [throws exceptions ]
public float convertCelsius (float tCelsius ) {}
public boolean setUserInfo ( int i, int j, String name ) throws
IndexOutOfBoundsException {}
42. Public/private
Methods/data may be declared public or
private meaning they may or may not be
accessed by code in other classes …
Good practice:
– keep data private
– keep most methods private
well-defined interface between classes -
helps to eliminate errors
43. Using objects
Here, code in one class creates an instance
of another class and does something with it
…
Fruit plum=new Fruit();
int cals;
cals = plum.total_calories();
Dot operator allows you to access (public)
data/methods inside Fruit class
44. Constructors
The line
plum = new Fruit();
invokes a constructor method with which you
can set the initial data of an object
You may choose several different type of
constructor with different argument lists
eg Fruit(), Fruit(a) ...
45. Overloading
Can have several versions of a method
in class with different types/numbers of
arguments
Fruit() {grams=50;}
Fruit(a,b) { grams=a; cals_per_gram=b;}
By looking at arguments Java decides
which version to use
46. Java Development Kit
javac - The Java Compiler
java - The Java Interpreter
jdb - The Java Debugger
appletviewer -Tool to run the applets
javap - to print the Java bytecodes
javaprof - Java profiler
javadoc - documentation generator
javah - creates C header files
48. 48
Streams and I/O
basic classes for file IO
– FileInputStream, for reading from a file
– FileOutputStream, for writing to a file
Example:
Open a file "myfile.txt" for reading
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("myfile.txt");
Open a file "outfile.txt" for writing
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream ("myfile.txt");
49. 49
Display File Contents
import java.io.*;
public class FileToOut1 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
FileInputStream infile = new FileInputStream("testfile.txt");
byte buffer[] = new byte[50];
int nBytesRead;
do {
nBytesRead = infile.read(buffer);
System.out.write(buffer, 0, nBytesRead);
} while (nBytesRead == buffer.length);
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.err.println("File not found");
}
catch (IOException e) { System.err.println("Read failed"); }
}
}
50. 50
Filters
•Once a stream (e.g., file) has been opened, we
can attach filters
•Filters make reading/writing more efficient
•Most popular filters:
• For basic types:
•DataInputStream, DataOutputStream
• For objects:
•ObjectInputStream, ObjectOutputStream
51. 51
Writing data to a file using Filters
import java.io.*;
public class GenerateData {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("stuff.dat");
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(fos);
dos.writeInt(2);
dos.writeDouble(2.7182818284590451);
dos.writeDouble(3.1415926535);
dos.close(); fos.close();
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.err.println("File not found");
}
catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Read or write failed");
}
}
}
52. 52
Reading data from a file using filters
import java.io.*;
public class ReadData {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("stuff.dat");
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(fis);
int n = dis.readInt();
System.out.println(n);
for( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) { System.out.println(dis.readDouble());
}
dis.close(); fis.close();
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.err.println("File not found");
}
catch (IOException e) { System.err.println("Read or write failed");
}
}
}
53. 53
Object serialization
Write objects to a file, instead of writing primitive
types.
Use the ObjectInputStream, ObjectOutputStream
classes, the same way that filters are used.
54. 54
Write an object to a file
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class WriteDate {
public WriteDate () {
Date d = new Date();
try {
FileOutputStream f = new FileOutputStream("date.ser");
ObjectOutputStream s = new ObjectOutputStream (f);
s.writeObject (d);
s.close ();
}
catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
public static void main (String args[]) {
new WriteDate ();
}
}
55. 55
Read an object from a file
import java.util.*;
public class ReadDate {
public ReadDate () {
Date d = null;
ObjectInputStream s = null;
try { FileInputStream f = new FileInputStream ("date.ser");
s = new ObjectInputStream (f);
} catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
try { d = (Date)s.readObject (); }
catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
catch (InvalidClassException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
catch (StreamCorruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
catch (OptionalDataException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
System.out.println ("Date serialized at: "+ d);
}
public static void main (String args[]) { new ReadDate (); }
}