This document discusses Java data types and variables. It defines variables as containers that hold data values and notes there are three types: local, instance, and static. Local variables are declared within methods while instance variables are declared in a class but outside methods. Static variables can be accessed by the class name. The document also outlines Java's primitive data types like int and double, and non-primitive types like Strings and Arrays. It explains type casting between primitive types and differences between primitive and non-primitive data types.

1. JAVA
VARIABLES- TYPES
DATA TYPES
1Prepared by
P.PRATHIBHA

2. Topics for Today’s Session
About JAVA
JVM
DATA TYPES
Variables
Type Casting
Types of Variables

3. AboutJava
 Java is a computing platform for application
development and an object-oriented,
 Java is Class-based and Concurrent programming
language
 It means the code can be executed by multiple
processes at the same time.
 Java can run on all platforms and free to access.
 Java is Simple, Secure, Robust, Complete Object
oriented and Platform Independent High level
Language
 It is Portable and Multi-thread technology gives
High Performance.

4. JAVA VIRTUAL MACHINE (JVM)
vJava compiler produce an intermediatry code known as
byte code for a machine.
vThis machine is called the JVM, it exist only inside the
computer memory.
v The process of compiling a java program into byte code is
referred to as Virtual Machine code.

5. v The virtual machine code is not machine specific.
v The machine code is generated by the Java Interpreter,
by acting as an intermediary between the virtual
machine and the real machine.

6. Variables
v Variable is an identifier, which denotes a storage location used to store a
data value
v A variable is a container which holds the value while the Java program is
executed.
v A variable is assigned with a data type.
v Variable is a name of memory location.
v It is a combination of vary + able that means its value can be changed.
v Declaring (Creating) Variables
Syntax: type variable = value;
Where type is one of Java's types (such as int or String), and
variable is the name of the variable (such as x or name).
The equal sign is used to assign values to the variable.
Example: String name = John;
char ch = 'A';
int number = 100;

7. Variable Naming conventions
1) Variable names may consists letters, digits, _(underscore)
dollar ($).
2) Variables naming cannot contain white spaces,
for example: int num ber = 100; // is invalid
because the variable name has space in it.
3) Variable name can begin with special characters such as $
and _
4) As per the java coding standards the variable name should
begin with a lower case letter,
for example: int num;
5) Variable names are case sensitive in Java.
6) It should not be a Keyword.
7) Variable names can be of any length.

8. LocalVariables
InstanceVariables
StaticVariables
Types / Scope of Variables
v There are three types of variables in java:

9. 1. Local Variable
 A variable defined within a block or method or constructor
is called local variable.
 The scope of these variables exists only within the block in
which the variable is declared. i.e. we can access these
variable only within that block.
 A local variable cannot be defined with static keyword.
 These variable are created when the block in entered or the
function is called and destroyed after exiting from the block
or when the call returns from the function.
 Initialization of Local Variable is Mandatory.

10. 2. Instance Variable
v Instance variables are non-static variables.
v A variable declared inside the class but outside the body of
the method, Constructor or Block.
v These variables are created when an object of the class is
created and destroyed when the object is destroyed.
v Each instance(objects) of class has its own copy of instance
variable.
v It is called instance variable because its value is instance
specific and is not shared among instances.
v Initialization of Instance Variable is not Mandatory. Its
default value is 0.
v Instance Variable can be accessed only by creating objects.

11. 3. Static Variables:
Ø Static variables are also known as Class variables.
Ø Static variables are declared using the static keyword within a
class, outside any method constructor or block.
Ø It cannot be local.
Ø You can create a single copy of static variable and share among
all the instances of the class.
Ø Memory allocation for static variable happens only once when
the class is loaded in the memory.
 Static variables are created at the start of program execution
and destroyed automatically when execution ends.
 Initialization of Static Variable is not Mandatory. Its default
value is zero (0).
 Static variables can be accessed by class name, not by object.
For example, If I create 4 objects of a class and access this static
variable, it would be common for all, the changes made to the
variable using one of the object would reflect when you access
it through other objects.

12. Example: Using variables
class A
{
int d=30; //instance variable
static int m=100; //static variable
void method()
{
int m=20; //local variable
}
} //end of class

13. Type Casting
Ø Type casting is nothing but assigning a value of one primitive
data type to another.
Ø When you assign the value of one data type to another, you
should be aware of the compatibility of the data type.
Ø If they are compatible, then Java will perform the conversion
automatically known as Automatic Type Conversion
Ø And if not, then they need to be casted or converted explicitly.
Syntax:
Ø Four integer types can be cast to any other type except Boolean.
Ø Casting into a smaller type may result in a loss of data.
Ø Similarly, the float double can be cast to any other type except
Boolean.
Ø There are two types of casting in Java :
type variable1= (type) variable

14. 1. Widening Casting (automatically) – converting a smaller type
to a larger type size, this type of conversion is called Implicit
conversion.
2. Narrowing Casting (manually) – converting a larger type to a
smaller size type, this type of conversion is Explicit conversion.
From To
byte short, char, int, long, float, double
short int, long, float, double
char int, long, float, double
int long, float, double
long float, double
float double
Example:
int i = 258;
long l = i; //automatic type conversion
float f = l; //automatic type conversion
double d = 345.06;
long l = (long)d; //explicit type casting
int i = (int)l; //explicit type casting

15. Data Types in Java
 Data type defines the values that a variable can take
 Data types specify the different sizes and values that can be
stored in the variable.
 In java, data types are classified into 2 categories :
1. Primitive Data type
2. Non-Primitive Data type

16. Primitive data types
 Primitive data types are the building blocks of data manipulation.
 These are the most basic data types available in Java.
 Java developers included these data types to maintain the portability of
java as the size of these primitive data types do not change from one
operating system to another.
 There are 8 types of primitive data types:
1. boolean data type
2. byte data type
3. char data type
4. short data type
5. int data type
6. long data type
7. float data type
8. double data type

17. Data Type Size Description Default
byte 1 byte Stores whole numbers from -128
to 127
0
short 2 bytes Stores whole numbers from -
32,768 to 32,767
0
int 4 bytes Stores whole numbers from -
2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
0
long 8 bytes Stores whole numbers from -
9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to
9,223,372,036,854,775,807
0L
float 4 bytes Stores fractional numbers.
Sufficient for storing 6 to 7
decimal digits
0.0f
double 8 bytes Stores fractional numbers.
Sufficient for storing 15 decimal
digits
0.0d
boolean 1 bit Stores true or false values false
char 2 bytes Stores a single character/letter
or ASCII values
‘u0000’

18. Non-Primitive Data Types
 Non-Primitive data types refer to objects and hence they
are called reference types.
 Non-primitive types include Strings, Arrays, Classes,
Interface, etc.
Strings
Arrays
Interfaces
Classes
Non-
Primitive
Data types

19. Strings: String is a sequence of characters.
 used to store consecutive characters or proper
sentences
 But in Java, a string is an object that represents a
sequence of characters.
 The java.lang.String class is used to create a string
object.
Example: String abc = “Satwika likes music;
Arrays: Arrays in Java are homogeneous data structures
implemented in Java as objects.
Ø Arrays store one or more values o f a specific data type
and provide indexed access to store the same. A specific
element in an array is accessed by its index.
 It can store any type of data as the size of the array
is also declared by the programmer.

20. Classes: Classes are used to create objects
 A class in Java is a blueprint which includes all your
data.
 A class contains fields(variables) and methods to
describe the behavior of an object.
Interface: An interface is like a dashboard or control
panel for a class.
Ø It has buttons/functions for the data types
defined, but the implementation is somewhere
else.
Ø Like a class, an interface can have methods and
variables, but the methods declared
in interface are by default abstract (only method
signature, no body).

21. Difference between primitive and non-primitive data types
 Primitive types are predefined. Non-primitive types are
created by the programmer and is not defined by Java (except
for String).
 Non-primitive types can be used to call methods to perform
certain operations, while primitive types cannot.
 A primitive type has always a value, while non-primitive types
can be null.
 A primitive type starts with a lowercase letter, while non-
primitive types starts with an uppercase letter.
 The size of a primitive type depends on the data type, while
non-primitive types have all the same size.

22. Summary
 In this lesson you learnt about
 About Java?
 Java Virtual Machine
 Variables
 Types / Scope of variables
 Type Casting
 Data Types