This document provides an overview of jaundice including its definition, types and causes, clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, medical management, dietary management, and nursing management. It defines jaundice as a yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by an increased level of bilirubin in the blood. There are three main types - hemolytic, hepatocellular, and obstructive jaundice. Clinical manifestations include yellowish skin, gray stool, itchy skin, nausea, loss of appetite, and tea colored urine. Diagnostic evaluation focuses on measuring bilirubin levels while medical management includes antihistamines, sedatives, antibiotics, and dietary restrictions. Nursing management aims

1. MB COLLEGE OF PARAMEDICAL & NURSING
EDUCATION, KOTA
PRESENTATION
ON
JAUNDICE
SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
MR. UMESH PANCHAL KESHAV MEHTA
LECTURER BSC NURSING
2nd YEAR

2.  JAUNDICE

3. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 DEFINITION
 TYPES / CAUSES
 CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
 DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
 DIETARY MANAGEMENT
 NURSING MANAGEMENT
 NURSING DIAGNOSIS

4. INTRODUCTION
Jaundice can also results from the
excessive breakdown of RBC and too much
bilirubin is released into blood stream

7. DEFINITION
Jaundice is a yellow discolouration of the skin,
mucus membrane and whites of eyes [
sclera ] caused by increase amount of bilirubin
in the blood
Bilirubin levels exceeds up to 3 times than
normal.
The normal value - 0.3 – 1.2 mg/dl

8. TYPES/CAUSES
 There are three types of jaundice
 1. HEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE ( PRE-HEPATIC )
 It is due to breakdown of RBCs that leads to increase unconjugated bilirubin level in the
blood- but liver function are normal
 CAUSES:-- blood transfusion reaction
 haemolytic anaemia
 Gall bladder stone

9. 2 . HEPATOCELLULAR JAUNDICE ( INTRAHEPATIC )
 It is due to dysfunctioning of the liver cells
 CAUSES
 - infection ( hepatitis virus )
 - drug or chemical toxicity
 - excessive alcohol consumption

10. 3. OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE ( POST HEPATIC)
 It is due to obstruction of the bile duct that leads to altered secretion of bile.
 It is of two types
 A. Extra hepatic obstruction
 Due to blockage in the bile duct
 Eg. gall stone, tumour
 B. Intra hepatic cholestatis
It occur due to blockage or swelling in intra hepatic duct

11. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Yellowish skin and sclera
Light gray or clay coloured ( alcoholic ) stool
Itchy skin
Nausea
Lack of appetite
Tea coloured urine
Prothrombin time increase

13. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
 due to any chemical toxin & blood transfusion


 Increase the destruction of RBCs

 Increase the amount of unconjugated bilirubin in blood & hepatocellular & obstructive
causes

 jaundice

14. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
Increase level of serum bilirubin( > 0.4 mg/100 ml)
conjugated
Increase unconjugated serum bilirubin values ( > 0.8
mg/100 ml)
Absence of bilirubin in urine
Reduce fetal urobilinogen because it does not reach in
intestine
Prolonged prothrombin time

15. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
 1. Antihistamine drugs ( for itching)
 eg. Levocitrizine 5 mg
 avle 25 mg
 2. sedative for restlessness and irritability
 Eg lorazepam, diazepam
 3. Purgative enema if constipation
4. antibiotics
 5. antipyretics drugs
 Vitamin K & B complex

16. DIETARY MANAGEMENT
Advice to pt. for restrict fat intake
Provide high protein diet
High carbohydrate diet
Provide plenty of fluids, juices
Give glucose water

17. NURSING MANAGEMENT
# Provide comfort to pt.
#Maintainfluidandelectrolyte balance to pt.
#Maintainoutput input chart.
#Provide psychological support to the pt.
#Give health education.

18. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Skin integrity impaired to pururitis.
Risk of haemorrhage related to disturb prothrombin factor
Constipation related to disease
Abdominal pain related to disease
Anxiety related to disease disease condition
Altered nutrition less than body requirement related to
constipation & abdominal pain & discomfort.

19. THANKS
ANY
qUESTION
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