The document summarizes a seminar on artificial eyes presented by Jamvant Sonwane. It discusses how natural eyes work using rods and cones, common eye diseases like age-related macular degeneration and retinal pigmentosa. It then explains that an artificial eye uses a camera, microchip, and retinal implant to provide vision by stimulating the retina and optic nerve. The seminar describes the components and working of artificial eyes, comparing natural and artificial vision. It also outlines the limitations of current artificial eye technology.

1. Seminar on
Artificial Eye
{an eye for the eye}
Presented by
JAMVANT SONWANE
Guided by
MR.ABHISEK TRIPATHI
Lecturer
Department of Applied Physics
Shree G S Institute of Technology & Science, Indore
Jan 2012

2. CONTENT
• How eyes work?
• Rods and cones
• Disease related to eye
• What is Artificial eye?
• Component
• Working diagram
• Normal and artificial vision
• Types of artificial eye
• Limitations
• Conclusion
• references
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3. How eyes work?
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The light coming from an object enters the eye through cornea and
pupil. The eye lens converges these light rays to form a real, inverted
and diminished image on the retina. The light sensitive cells of the retina
gets activated with the incidence of light and generate electric signals.
These electric signals are sent to the brain by the optic nerves and the
brain interprets the electrical signals in such away that we see an image
which is erect and of the same size as the object.

4. Rods and Cones
• The eye is made of cells that are called Rods and Cones.
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5. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
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6. 1
43
2
Four stages of Retinal Pigmentosa
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7. What is artificial eye?What is artificial eye?
• Form of neural prosthesis to restore vision.
• An externally worn camera and a retinal implanted chip
makes it possible.
• It is often usable for those who suffers from age-related
macular degeneration (AMD) or retinal pigmentosa.
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8. ComponentComponent
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• Digital camera
• Video-processing microchip
• Radio transmitter
• Radio receiver
• Retinal implant

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10. WORKINGWORKING
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1. Camera on glasses views
image
2. Signals are sent to video
processing microchip
3. Processed information is
sent back to receiver
4. Receiver sends information
to electrodes in retinal
implant
5. Electrodes stimulate retina
to send information to
brain

11. RETINAL
IMPLANT
BRAIN
VIDEO
CAMERA
MICRO
CHIP
RECEIVER
WORKING - DIAGRAMWORKING - DIAGRAM
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LIGHT
NEURONS

12. NORMAL & ARTIFICIAL VISIONSNORMAL & ARTIFICIAL VISIONS
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• Normal vision- Begins when light enters and strike on
photoreceptor cells. These cells convert light to electric
impulses that are sent to brain via optic nerves.
• Artificial vision- The camera captures images and sends to
retina implant. It stimulates neurons. The stimulated neurons
send information to brain via optic nerves.

13. TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL EYESTYPES OF ARTIFICIAL EYES
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• First generation – Consists of 16 electrode array and large
sized receiver placed behind ear.
• Second generation – Designed with 60 electrode array and
much smaller receiver placed around the eye.

14. LIMITATIONSLIMITATIONS
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• Surgery is required to implant the electrode array.
• Repairing is difficult if any of the devices got damaged.
• Those who lost their visions due to other reasons could not
use this device.

15. Conclusion
• Revolutionary piece of technology.
• Good news for AMD and retinal pigmentosa patients.
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16. THANK YOU
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