Captain James Cook was a British explorer, navigator and cartographer who made three voyages to the Pacific Ocean in the late 18th century. He rose through the ranks of the British Royal Navy, gaining experience charting Newfoundland and serving in North America during the Seven Years' War. Cook commanded HMS Endeavour on his first voyage where he discovered Australia and Hawaii. His second and third voyages further explored and mapped the Pacific, though he was killed in Hawaii during his third voyage. Cook made major contributions to cartography and helped pioneer methods to prevent scurvy on long sea voyages.

1. Captain
James Cook
W h o d i s c o v e r e d
A u s t r a l i a
Rumana Fariha

2. Jens
Martensson
About
James
Cook...
Captain James Cook was a British
explorer, navigator and
cartographer
He ultimately rose to the rank of
captain in the Royal Navy
Cook made detailed maps of
Newfoundland prior to making
three voyages to the Pacific
Ocean

3. Jens
Martensson

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Martensson

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Martensson
Cook’s voyage
The scent of the sea
► In 1745, when he was 16, Cook
moved 20 miles (32 km) to the
fishing village of Staithes
► He apprenticed as a shop boy to
grocer and haberdasher William
Sanderson
► Some say that this is where Cook
first felt the lure of the sea while
gazing out of the shop window

6. Jens
Martensson
Cook’s voyage with Endeavour
The scent of the sea
• After 18 months, not proving
suitable for shop work, Cook
travelled to the nearby port town
ofWhitby.
• He was introduced to friends of
Sanderson's, John and Henry
Walker.
• Cook was taken on as a merchant
navy apprentice in their small fleet
of vessels , plying coal along the
English coast.

7. Jens
Martensson
The beginning

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Martensson
Royal Navy
In 1755, within a month of
being offered command of
this vessel, he volunteered
for service in the Royal
Navy
Despite the need to start
back at the bottom of the
naval hierarchy
Cook realized his career
would advance more
quickly in military service
and entered the Navy at
Wapping on 7 June 1755
Wapping – to strike
forcibly.

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Martensson
Royal Navy
 Cook's first posting was with
HMS Eagle, sailing with the rank
of master's mate
 In October and November 1755
he took part in Eagle's capture of
one French warship
 following which he was
promoted to boatswain in
addition to his other duties
Boatswain – a warrant officer on a warship, or a
petty officer on a merchant vessel, in charge of
rigging, anchors, cables etc.

10. Jens
Martensson
Royal Navy…
 In June 1757 Cook passed his
master's examinations at
Trinity House, Deptford
 This qualified him to navigate
and handle a ship of the King's
fleet
 He then joined the frigate
HMS Solebay as master under
Captain Robert Craig

11. Jens
MartenssonRoyal Navy (1755 – 1757)

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Martensson
Seven
years of
war
During the SevenYears'War, he
served in NorthAmerica as
master of Pembroke
In 1758, he took part in the
major amphibious assault that
captured the Fortress of
Louisbourg from the French
after this he participated in the
siege of Quebec City and then
the Battle of the Plains of
Abraham in 1755

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Martensson
The first
voyage (1768-
71)
 For the second part of the voyage he had
to search the south Pacific for signs of
the postulated rich southern continent
Terra Australis (a mythical large
continent)
 On 29 April Cook and crew made their
first landfall on the mainland of the
continent at a place now known as the
Kurnell Peninsula
 He named Botany Bay after the unique
specimens retrieved by the botanists
Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander
 He returned to England via Batavia
(Indonesia- where many in his crew
succumbed to malaria) the Cape of Good
Hope and the island of Saint Helena,
arriving on 12 July 1771

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Martensson
Cook at
Tahiti

15. Jens
Martensson1st voyage of Captain James Cook
Caption lorem ipsum

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Martensson
The second voyage (1772-75)
 Shortly after his return from the first voyage,
Cook was promoted in August 1771, to the
rank of commander
 In 1772 he was commissioned to search for the
hypothetical Terra Australis
 On his first voyage he proved by
circumnavigating that New Zealand wasn´t
attached to a larger landmass
 Cook commanded HMS Resolution on this
voyage
 Cook's expedition circumnavigated the globe
at a very high southern latitude
 Upon his return, Cook was promoted to the
rank of captain and given an honorary
retirement from the Royal Navy, but they
couldn´t keep him away from the sea

17. Jens
Martensson
Second voyage ofJamesCook

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Martensson
The third voyage (1776-79)
 On his last voyage, Cook once again
commanded HMS Resolution
 The voyage was planned to return Omai to
Tahiti
 But this is what the general public believed,
as he had become a favourite curiosity in
London
 Principally the purpose of the voyage was an
attempt to discover the famed Northwest
Passage
 After returning Omai, Cook travelled north
and in 1778 became the first European to
visit the Hawaiian Islands
 In January 1778 passing and after initial
landfall at Waimea harbour, Kauai, Cook
named the archipelago the "Sandwich
Islands" after the fourth Earl of Sandwich –

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Martensson

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Martensson

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Martensson
Death of Captain Cook
► Cook got under sail again to resume his
exploration of the Northern Pacific. However
the ships foremast broke so they needed to
return to Hawaii.
► This time it was unpleasent and the people
didn´t welcome them. Some tribesmen stole
Cook´s small boat and some other things
► Cook wanted to get it all back, so he intended
to take the Hawaiian King as a hostage.The
Hawaiian prevented it.
► As Cook and his men went back to the ship
Hawaiians attacked them.
► They killed two of Cook´s men and threw a
spear at Cook to death.
Statue of Captain James Cook
London, England

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Martensson

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Martensson
Legacy
► Several islands such as Sandwich
Islands (Hawaii) were
encountered for the first time by
Europeans
► His more accurate navigational
charting of large areas of the
Pacific was a major achievement
► Cook succeeded in
circumnavigating the world on
his first voyage without losing a
single man
► He discovered many thing and
helped the greater

24. Jens
Martensson
Did you know?
► The strait that separates the North Island from the
South Island in New Zealand, and connects theTasman
Sea on the west with the PacificOcean on the east is
named after Captain James Cook.
► Cook helped pioneer new methods for warding off
scurvy. In the 18th century, the specter of scurvy—a
disease caused by a lack of vitamin C—loomed over
every long distance sea voyage. Cook, however,
managed to keep all three of his expeditions nearly
scurvy-free.This was partially because of his obsession
with procuring fresh food at each of his stops.
► NASA named spacecraft after his ships. NASA named
their final shuttle “Endeavour” after the ship he
commanded on his first circumnavigation of the globe.
When the shuttle Discovery made its final space flight in
2011, its crew carried a special medallion made by the
Royal Society in honor of Cook.

25. Thank
You
rfaruhacts2@gail.com