The document summarizes the water treatment process at a desalination plant. It includes information on various sources of water, types of impurities found in water, treatment techniques used to remove impurities, and details of the specific treatment process used at the plant. The process involves pretreatment using coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation. This is followed by reverse osmosis and further polishing through demineralization and mixed bed systems. Diagrams show the various treatment units and flow paths.
Here I explained about power plant chemistry. Explained in details how to produce DM water, cooling water, drinking water etc from raw water. Also discussed about main plant steam cycle chemistry.
Here I explained about power plant chemistry. Explained in details how to produce DM water, cooling water, drinking water etc from raw water. Also discussed about main plant steam cycle chemistry.
Analysis of Cations in Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback Water from the Marcellus Shale Using Ion Chromatography
This presentation describes the determination of cations in hydraulic fracturing flowback water using ion chromatography. In this work, sodium was most abundant, followed by calcium, strontium, magnesium, potassium, barium, ammonium, and then lithium, respectively. The quantity of scale-forming ions, such as calcium, strontium, and barium, is particularly informative because it can be used to determine the amount of anti-scaling agent in fracturing fluid mix that will maximize hydrocarbon recovery.
Water Treatment Plant Design by Damora, Waite, Yu, MaroofianJonathan Damora
Water treatment plant design group project with Alex Waite, Jenny Yu, Cyrus Maroofian, and Jonathan Damora. We chose the reliability of a turnkey solution by General Electric for our Reverse Osmosis and nanofiltration, while designing our own granular media filter. The focus of this project was to design a reliable system, which will perform at required standards no matter the influent composition.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Analysis of Cations in Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback Water from the Marcellus Shale Using Ion Chromatography
This presentation describes the determination of cations in hydraulic fracturing flowback water using ion chromatography. In this work, sodium was most abundant, followed by calcium, strontium, magnesium, potassium, barium, ammonium, and then lithium, respectively. The quantity of scale-forming ions, such as calcium, strontium, and barium, is particularly informative because it can be used to determine the amount of anti-scaling agent in fracturing fluid mix that will maximize hydrocarbon recovery.
Water Treatment Plant Design by Damora, Waite, Yu, MaroofianJonathan Damora
Water treatment plant design group project with Alex Waite, Jenny Yu, Cyrus Maroofian, and Jonathan Damora. We chose the reliability of a turnkey solution by General Electric for our Reverse Osmosis and nanofiltration, while designing our own granular media filter. The focus of this project was to design a reliable system, which will perform at required standards no matter the influent composition.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
2. SOURCES OF WATER
S.NO SOURCE EXAMPLE QUALITY
1 Surface Water Stream, Pond, Lake,
River
Low TDS, High SS
2 Ground Water Well, Mine & Spring Moderate TDS, Low
SS
3 Waste Water Effluent, Sewage Moderate TDS, High
COD & BOD
4 Rain Water Low TDS
5 Sea Water High TDS, Moderate
SS
4. TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
Stages Methods Impurities
Primary or
Pretreatment
Screening
Disinfection
Coagulation
Flocculation
Separation
Micro organism
Sand
Silt
Suspended &
Colloidal particles
Secondary
Treatment Or RO
system
Ion Exchange
Reverse Osmosis
Dissolved Ions
5. SEA WATER QUALITY
PARAMETERS UNITS VALUE
pH 7.9 - 8.35
Conductivity micro siemens /cm 55000 to 88225
Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 33000 to 45000
Turbidity NTU 3 to 40
Total suspended Solids mg/l 30 to 200
Calcium as Ca mg/l 401 to 410
Sodium as Na mg/l 11176 to 16772
Iron as Fe (Total) mg/l 0.32 to 0.59
Chlorides as Cl mg/l 20022 to 25348
Bicarbonate as HCO3 mg/l 92 to 137
Carbonates as CO3 mg/l 12 to 32
Silica mg/l 0.56 to 1.35
COD as O2 mg/l 79
BOD @ 20 Deg. C for 5 days mg/l 25.5
TOC mg/l 29.6
Boron mg/l 5.5
Oil & Grease mg/l < 1
Alkalinity mg/l 112 to 116
6.
7.
8. UF feed dump
pH 7.9 DAF Bypass line UF Permeate dump UF Feed Dump
TDS 45000 ppm
TSS 200 mg/l Hypo 1 X 100%
Turbidity 40 NTU Lime & FeCl3 Poly 846 M3 3 X 33 %
1X100 % 423 m3/hr each
Sea Water
1x100 % 1x100%
1000 m3
Acid, SBS & Antiscalant
Guard Pond
2 X 211 m3/hr 2 X 50 %
REJECT 359 m3 each 2 x 79.8m3 at 72.2 bar 369 m3/hr each
HP Pump 3 X 50 % SWRO prod
Dump
CO2 Dozing 211 m3 ERD
2 x 148 m3/hr
pH 7.9
pH 6.5 TDS 45000 ppm
TDS < 500 ppm SDI <3
REJECT
2 X 50 % 2 x 100 %
2 x 200 m3 2 x 38 m3/hr Condutivity 0.1 µS
1 X 100% 182
2 x 5000 m3
BWRO FEED PUMP BWRO HP PUMP TDS<20 ppm
ESP/APH Wash 1X100% 3 X 49.5 m3
FireFighting 200 m3
Lime & CO2 Dozing
CHP DSS, Boiler b/d quenching, Hypo WTP
CMB
HVAC MKP,Service water OHT, AHP , Service water Header OHT PHB
SWRO FLUSHING PU MP
3 X 49.5 m3 2 x 100 %
2 X 68 m3/hr To Neutralization pit
WTP FLOW DIAGRAM
3 X 50 %
382 m3/hr each
SC 14.3 M3 Clarified water
tank DMF UF
Sludge pit 500
M3
CF
SWRO
BWRO MB
CF MB FEED Tank
120 m3
DM Tank 2 x
600 M3
OHT
FM 14.3 M3 FLOC 287 M3
UF Product & Backwash
Tank 2000 M3
BREAK TANK
345 m3
Limest
one
Filter
PRODUCT CUM FIRE
WATER STORAGE
TANK
Remineralisation
Contactor
Pot Tank
9.
10. 1000
m3
1000
m3
500 m3
Flow
Control
Station
Hypo
FeCl3 & lime Poly
PT sludge Pit
Clarified
Water
Tank
Max TSS:200 ppm
TSS <20 ppm
846 m3/Hr
Recirculation pumps :2 (104 M3/Hr)
Air compressor :2 (7 CFM )
Sludge disposal pumps :3 (500 M3/Hr)
Air Blowers :2 (500 Nm3/Hr)
DAF
Stilling Chamber Flash Mixer Flocculator
DMF Backwash UF Backwash &
Reject
11.
12. o Process of bringing destabilized colloidal particles together to allow them
to aggregate to a size where they will settle by gravity is flocculation
o Starch, Sodium polyalginate, Polyacrylamide etc. are examples of
flocculants.
13.
14.
15. Clarified Water Tank
DMF 423 M3/hr
UF Dump to Clarified Water Tank
UF Product
Water Tank
2000 M3
SWRO Feed Dump
SWRO Permeate Dump
UF Backwash Pumps – 2 No (1380 M3/Hr)
SWRO Feed Pumps – 3 No (406.9 M3/Hr)
DMF Feed Pumps – 3 No (466 M3/Hr)
DMF Backwash Pumps – 3 No (827 M3/Hr)
UF Module
382 M3/Hr
UF Backwash
PT Sludge Sump
UF CIP
UF CIP Return
22. 344 m3
RO Feed Pump
Cartridge
Filter
5µ
SWRO
No. Of PV per skid :31
No of Elements per vessel :7
Spiral wound poly amide
Normal Operating Pressure :
55 bar
Break Tank
369
m3/H
r
SBS
HCl
Antiscalant
HP Pump
To Guard Pond
ERD-Pressure
Exchanger
148 m3/Hr
Feed Pumps : 3 (2W+1S) 406 m3/Hr
HPP : 4 each skid 2 140 m3/Hr
ERD :8 Each skid 4 221 m3/Hr)
Backwash pump: :2( 1+1 diesel driven)-160m3/Hr
(1W+1S)
(1W+1S)
1W+1S)
221 m3
148 m3
221 m3
UF Product
water tank
Dump Line
23.
24.
25. # Description Unit Guaranteed value
1
Net continuous operating
capacity m3/Hr 148
2 Recovery % 40
3 TDS ppm < 500
26. 40 m3/Hr
From Break Tank
Caustic(1W+1S)
Cartridge Filter 5µ
Reject water
sump 100 m3
MB Feed water Tank
2 X 100 m3
34 m3/Hr
Feed pumps :3(2W+1S)-44m3/hr
HPP :3(2W+1S)-44 m3/hr
BWRO :6 Vessels 42 Membrane
BWRO Permeate Dump to
Break Tank
27.
28. 28
o The amount of gas dissolved in water is directly
proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in
the vapor space above the water/gas interface.
This is known as Henry's law.
o Another important consideration of gas solubility is
Dalton's law, which states that the total pressure
of a mixture of gases is made up of the individual
pressures of those gases
29.
30. From MB Feed tank
2X600
m3
DM Water Tank
Mixed Bed
Marpholene
Neutralization pit
pH : 6.8 to 7.2
Cond: <0.1µs
Silica: <10ppb
MB Feed Pump :2(1W+1S)-75m3/Hr
Regenerati pump : 2(1W+1S)-20m3/Hr
Npit Pump : 2(1W+1S)-50m3/Hr