A comparison of restoration breeding methods for the Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida International Conference on Shellfish Restoration Charleston, South Carolina December 2014

1. A comparison of restoration breeding
methods for the Olympia oyster,
Ostrea lurida
Katherine Jackson1, Brent Vadopalas1,
Brian Allen2, and Steven Roberts1
1School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences,
University of Washington
2Puget Sound Restoration Fund

2. Outline
• Background
• Methods
• Results
• Effective number of breeders (Nb)
• Relatedness
• Differentiation
• Conclusion
• Questions
Marxfoods.com

3. Outline
• Background
• Methods
• Results
• Effective number of breeders (Nb)
• Relatedness
• Differentiation
• Conclusion
• Questions
Marxfoods.com

4. Why are we doing this?
• Native oyster to the west coast with historically
high population sizes
• Dramatic decrease due to over-harvestation and habitat
degradation
• In order to restore, hatchery supplementation is
necessary
• The goal is to emulate wild diversity as closely as
possible

5. Outline
• Background
• Methods
• Results
• Relatedness
• Effective number of breeders (Nb)
• Differentiation
• Conclusion
• Questions
Marxfoods.com

6. Methods
• Analyzed 7 known microsatellite loci on:
• 93 wild O. lurida
• 96 restoration from PSRF
• A combination of two different years and breeding
methods
• 93 commercial from Taylor Shellfish
Cory and Catska Ench

7. Outline
• Background
• Methods
• Results
• Effective number of breeders (Nb)
• Relatedness
• Differentiation
• Conclusion
• Questions
Marxfoods.com

8. Number of Effective Breeders
Population Estimated number
of parents
Nb
Wild 65 64.98
Restoration 71 70.65
Restoration 71 70.65
Commercial 63 62.98
Nb =
4Nf Nm
(Nf + Nm )

9. Relatedness
Population Individuals Full Sibling
Pairs
Proportion
full sibs
Wild 93 6 0.0014
Restoration 96 9 0.0020
Commercial 93 4 0.00094

10. Rarefaction
20
15
10
5
0
0 30 60 90 120 150
Average number of alleles
Number of individuals
• This shows the estimated number of alleles in the population
• Averaged between all 7 loci
Wild

11. Rarefaction
20
18
16
Wild
Restoration
Commercial
0 30 60 90 120 150
Average number of alleles
Number of individuals
• This shows the estimated number of alleles in the population
• Averaged between all 7 loci
• Commercial has significantly higher allelic richness than Wild

12. 0.16
0.12
0.08
0.04
0.00
Allele Frequency for Olur13
Wild
Restoration
Commercial
263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307
Frequency
Allele
• Frequency of each allele for each population
• Can look at overall trends of frequency between populations
• We want the wild and restoration frequencies to be as similar as possible

13. Genic differentiation
Chi2 d f P-value
Wild vs. Restoration 31.33 14 0.005
Wild vs. Commercial 15.41 14 0.35
• This is the strongest test that I have
• The wild and restoration groups ARE significantly different
• Wild and commercial are NOT detected to be different

14. Outline
• Background
• Methods
• Results
• Effective number of breeders (Nb)
• Relatedness
• Differentiation
• Conclusion
• Questions
Marxfoods.com

15. Conclusion
• The restoration population is significantly different
than the wild population
• Commercial is not significantly different than the wild
population
• How did this happen?
• Biology of the animals
• Numbers?....

16. Restoration Commercial
300 individuals
300 individuals 600 individuals
• 1 breeding group is 12
individuals x 12 individuals
• 50-3,600 discrete pairings
600 individuals
• No breeding groups
• 2-360,000 discrete pairings

17. Restoration Commercial
300 individuals
300 individuals 600 individuals
• 1 breeding group is 12
individuals x 12 individuals
• 50-3,600 discrete pairings
600 individuals

18. Restoration Commercial
300 individuals
300 individuals 600 individuals
• 1 breeding group is 12
individuals x 12 individuals
• 50-3,600 discrete pairings
600 individuals
• No breeding groups
• 2-360,000 discrete pairings

19. Restoration Commercial
300 individuals
300 individuals 600 individuals
• 1 breeding group is 12
individuals x 12 individuals
• 50-3,600 discrete pairings
600 individuals
• No breeding groups
• 2-360,000 discrete pairings

20. Future Work
• This experiment will be repeated by PSRF next spring
• Two wild populations and their offspring
Pacificbio.org

21. Thank you!!
• University of Washington
• Roberts lab
• Crystal Simchick – NOAA
• Derek King – PSRF
• Taylor Shellfish

22. Questions?