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IT risk management is that the application of risk management ways to info technology so as to manage IT risk, i.e.: The business risk related to the employment, ownership, operation, involvement, influence ANd adoption of IT at intervals an enterprise or organization IT risk management may be thought-about a part of a wider enterprise risk management system. The institution, maintenance ANd continuous update of an ISMS offer a robust indication that an Different methodologies are projected to manage IT risks, every of them divided in processes and steps. Solution IT risk management is that the application of risk management ways to info technology so as to manage IT risk, i.e.: The business risk related to the employment, ownership, operation, involvement, influence ANd adoption of IT at intervals an enterprise or organization IT risk management may be thought-about a part of a wider enterprise risk management system. The institution, maintenance ANd continuous update of an ISMS offer a robust indication that an Different methodologies are projected to manage IT risks, every of them divided in processes and steps..
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130C h a p t e r10 Managing IT-Based Risk11 This c.docx
130
C h a p t e r
10 Managing IT-Based Risk1
1 This chapter is based on the authors’ previously published article, Smith, H. A., and J. D. McKeen. “A Holistic
Approach to Managing IT-Based Risk.” Communications of the Association for Information Systems 25, no. 41
(December 2009): 519–30. Reproduced by permission of the Association for Information Systems.
Not so long ago, IT-based risk was a fairly low-key activity focused on whether IT could deliver projects successfully and keep its applications up and run-ning (McKeen and Smith 2003). But with the opening up of the organization’s
boundaries to external partners and service providers, external electronic communica-
tions, and online services, managing IT-based risk has morphed into a “bet the com-
pany” proposition. Not only is the scope of the job bigger, but also the stakes are much
higher. As companies have become more dependent on IT for everything they do, the
costs of service disruption have escalated exponentially. Now, when a system goes
down, the company effectively stops working and customers cannot be served. And
criminals routinely seek ways to wreak havoc with company data, applications, and
Web sites. New regulations to protect privacy and increase accountability have also
made executives much more sensitive to the consequences of inadequate IT security
practices—either internally or from service providers. In addition, the risk of losing or
compromising company information has risen steeply. No longer are a company’s files
locked down and accessible only by company staff. Today, company information can be
exposed to the public in literally hundreds of ways. Our increasing mobility, the porta-
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mation and software). Whereas in the past companies have sought to achieve security
Chapter 10 • Managing IT-Based Risk 131
through physical or technological means (e.g., locked rooms, virus scanners), under-
standing is now growing that managing IT-based risk must be a strategic and holistic
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This chapter explores how organizations are addressing and coping with increas-
ing IT-based risk. It first looks at the challenges facing IT managers in the arena of.
130C h a p t e r10 Managing IT-Based Risk11 This c.docx
130
C h a p t e r
10 Managing IT-Based Risk1
1 This chapter is based on the authors’ previously published article, Smith, H. A., and J. D. McKeen. “A Holistic
Approach to Managing IT-Based Risk.” Communications of the Association for Information Systems 25, no. 41
(December 2009): 519–30. Reproduced by permission of the Association for Information Systems.
Not so long ago, IT-based risk was a fairly low-key activity focused on whether IT could deliver projects successfully and keep its applications up and run-ning (McKeen and Smith 2003). But with the opening up of the organization’s
boundaries to external partners and service providers, external electronic communica-
tions, and online services, managing IT-based risk has morphed into a “bet the com-
pany” proposition. Not only is the scope of the job bigger, but also the stakes are much
higher. As companies have become more dependent on IT for everything they do, the
costs of service disruption have escalated exponentially. Now, when a system goes
down, the company effectively stops working and customers cannot be served. And
criminals routinely seek ways to wreak havoc with company data, applications, and
Web sites. New regulations to protect privacy and increase accountability have also
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practices—either internally or from service providers. In addition, the risk of losing or
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mation and software). Whereas in the past companies have sought to achieve security
Chapter 10 • Managing IT-Based Risk 131
through physical or technological means (e.g., locked rooms, virus scanners), under-
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activity that is not just the responsibility of a small group of IT specialists but also part
of the mind-set that extends from partners and suppliers to employees and customers.
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- A
1) MODERN TIMES is a very well prepared movie that describes the mis.pdf
1) MODERN TIMES is a very well prepared movie that describes the miserable conditions of
humar resource during the period of industrialization era or machine age worlwide. It is a mix of
social drama and comedy. The content is presented in a satire. How did people survived the great
depression of the world is being documented here. The conditions werre miserable like acute
shortage of work, factory closings, labor strikes and political unrest etc. It is a symbolic
representation of what happens to a human being caught up in the mechanical bureaucracy of the
intellectual state.
2) Economically it could be understood that what miser situations could depression bring up.
Food and jobs comes hard in hand. To which a labor is convict to do under skill jobs as well for
survival. At the time of the great depression Americans had to fight for what little they had, and
as the movie showed many people went hungry. Modern Times looks toward the future, but not
with enthusiasm. Often described as a satire of the machine age, It has in fact a broader theme:
the dehumanizing effects of many aspects of modernity, including industrialization, bureaucracy,
urbanization, and law enforcement.
3) From the movie a prospect employee should not forget about the social ills and failings of
own day even if present age is seems far better than that was shown in the film. A dilbert-like
early scene shows the Tramp trying to take a break during work hours in the washroom — only
to have a big-screen image of the boss’s head suddenly appear on the washroom wall and order
him to quit stalling and get back to work. Modern audiences watching this scene may reflect
ruefully on the everyday reality of electronic surveillance in the workplace. Now, obviously
there’s nothing new about widespread poverty and want, but unemployment as we know it today
is a comparatively recent development — a byproduct of the modern workforce economy that
requires everyone to \"get a job.\"
4) The major ethical dilemma consists whether out of povertty stealing is right or wrong.
However this movie glorifies the struggle of the poor rather than vilifying them for stealing food
to survive. By glorifying the struggle the movie takes on yet another social issue: when the poor
steal to eat it is not criminal, just survival. Minor ones include
Solution
1) MODERN TIMES is a very well prepared movie that describes the miserable conditions of
humar resource during the period of industrialization era or machine age worlwide. It is a mix of
social drama and comedy. The content is presented in a satire. How did people survived the great
depression of the world is being documented here. The conditions werre miserable like acute
shortage of work, factory closings, labor strikes and political unrest etc. It is a symbolic
representation of what happens to a human being caught up in the mechanical bureaucracy of the
intellectual state.
2) Economically it could be understood that what miser situations could depress.
1. Identify five differences between DNA replication and gene transc.pdf
1. Identify five differences between DNA replication and gene transcription.
DNA replication
gene transcription.
occurs in preparation for cell division,
Produces two two copies of DNA, double stranded
Uses DNA as template to form DNA
Catalyzed by DNA polymerase
the end result is two daughter cells.
happens in preparation for protein translation.
Produces mRNA, single stranded
Uses template DNA as a template and forms RNA
Catalyzed by RNA polymerase
End result is mRNA which is then exported out of the nucleus for translation
2. Identify four differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA
RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid is the hereditary material in most of the organisms
Made of 2-deoxyribose sugar
Contains thymine as one of the 4 nitrogen base
It is double stranded
Ribonucleic acid transfers genetic code needed for the creation of proteins from the nucleus to
the ribosome.
Made of ribose sugar
Has Uracil as the nitrogen base instead of thymine
Single stranded
DNA replication
gene transcription.
occurs in preparation for cell division,
Produces two two copies of DNA, double stranded
Uses DNA as template to form DNA
Catalyzed by DNA polymerase
the end result is two daughter cells.
happens in preparation for protein translation.
Produces mRNA, single stranded
Uses template DNA as a template and forms RNA
Catalyzed by RNA polymerase
End result is mRNA which is then exported out of the nucleus for translation
Solution
1. Identify five differences between DNA replication and gene transcription.
DNA replication
gene transcription.
occurs in preparation for cell division,
Produces two two copies of DNA, double stranded
Uses DNA as template to form DNA
Catalyzed by DNA polymerase
the end result is two daughter cells.
happens in preparation for protein translation.
Produces mRNA, single stranded
Uses template DNA as a template and forms RNA
Catalyzed by RNA polymerase
End result is mRNA which is then exported out of the nucleus for translation
2. Identify four differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA
RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid is the hereditary material in most of the organisms
Made of 2-deoxyribose sugar
Contains thymine as one of the 4 nitrogen base
It is double stranded
Ribonucleic acid transfers genetic code needed for the creation of proteins from the nucleus to
the ribosome.
Made of ribose sugar
Has Uracil as the nitrogen base instead of thymine
Single stranded
DNA replication
gene transcription.
occurs in preparation for cell division,
Produces two two copies of DNA, double stranded
Uses DNA as template to form DNA
Catalyzed by DNA polymerase
the end result is two daughter cells.
happens in preparation for protein translation.
Produces mRNA, single stranded
Uses template DNA as a template and forms RNA
Catalyzed by RNA polymerase
End result is mRNA which is then exported out of the nucleus for translation.
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Similar to IT risk management is that the application of risk management ways t.pdf
Qatar Proposal
Business Continuity Management (BCM) involves developing strategies, plans and actions to provide operational and financial protection for a business. It consists of crisis management, business recovery planning, and IT service continuity management. The goal is to resume critical business functions and services to customers in the event of a disruption. BCM aims to stabilize a crisis situation, prepare for recovery operations, and ensure the resumption of critical IT systems, applications, data and networks. It is more than just disaster recovery and includes measures to prevent disasters from occurring.
Mastering Cybersecurity Risk Management: Strategies to Safeguard Your Digital...
In today’s time, where businesses heavily depend on technology for their daily operations, the danger of cyberattacks is a big concern. Companies need to have a solid plan in place to manage the risks associated with cybersecurity. This means taking the necessary steps to protect sensitive data and systems from bad guys who want to cause harm. In this article, we’ll explain why cybersecurity risk management is so important and share some practical strategies to help you keep your digital assets safe. So, let’s dive in and explore how you can protect your business from cyber threats!
130C h a p t e r10 Managing IT-Based Risk11 This c.docx
130
C h a p t e r
10 Managing IT-Based Risk1
1 This chapter is based on the authors’ previously published article, Smith, H. A., and J. D. McKeen. “A Holistic
Approach to Managing IT-Based Risk.” Communications of the Association for Information Systems 25, no. 41
(December 2009): 519–30. Reproduced by permission of the Association for Information Systems.
Not so long ago, IT-based risk was a fairly low-key activity focused on whether IT could deliver projects successfully and keep its applications up and run-ning (McKeen and Smith 2003). But with the opening up of the organization’s
boundaries to external partners and service providers, external electronic communica-
tions, and online services, managing IT-based risk has morphed into a “bet the com-
pany” proposition. Not only is the scope of the job bigger, but also the stakes are much
higher. As companies have become more dependent on IT for everything they do, the
costs of service disruption have escalated exponentially. Now, when a system goes
down, the company effectively stops working and customers cannot be served. And
criminals routinely seek ways to wreak havoc with company data, applications, and
Web sites. New regulations to protect privacy and increase accountability have also
made executives much more sensitive to the consequences of inadequate IT security
practices—either internally or from service providers. In addition, the risk of losing or
compromising company information has risen steeply. No longer are a company’s files
locked down and accessible only by company staff. Today, company information can be
exposed to the public in literally hundreds of ways. Our increasing mobility, the porta-
bility of storage devices, and the growing sophistication of cyber threats are just a few
of the more noteworthy means.
Therefore, the job of managing IT-based risk has become much broader and more
complex, and it is now widely recognized as an integral part of any technology-based
work—no matter how minor. As a result, many IT organizations have been given the
responsibility of not only managing risk in their own activities (i.e., project develop-
ment, operations, and delivering business strategy) but also of managing IT-based risk
in all company activities (e.g., mobile computing, file sharing, and online access to infor-
mation and software). Whereas in the past companies have sought to achieve security
Chapter 10 • Managing IT-Based Risk 131
through physical or technological means (e.g., locked rooms, virus scanners), under-
standing is now growing that managing IT-based risk must be a strategic and holistic
activity that is not just the responsibility of a small group of IT specialists but also part
of the mind-set that extends from partners and suppliers to employees and customers.
This chapter explores how organizations are addressing and coping with increas-
ing IT-based risk. It first looks at the challenges facing IT managers in the arena of.
130C h a p t e r10 Managing IT-Based Risk11 This c.docx
130
C h a p t e r
10 Managing IT-Based Risk1
1 This chapter is based on the authors’ previously published article, Smith, H. A., and J. D. McKeen. “A Holistic
Approach to Managing IT-Based Risk.” Communications of the Association for Information Systems 25, no. 41
(December 2009): 519–30. Reproduced by permission of the Association for Information Systems.
Not so long ago, IT-based risk was a fairly low-key activity focused on whether IT could deliver projects successfully and keep its applications up and run-ning (McKeen and Smith 2003). But with the opening up of the organization’s
boundaries to external partners and service providers, external electronic communica-
tions, and online services, managing IT-based risk has morphed into a “bet the com-
pany” proposition. Not only is the scope of the job bigger, but also the stakes are much
higher. As companies have become more dependent on IT for everything they do, the
costs of service disruption have escalated exponentially. Now, when a system goes
down, the company effectively stops working and customers cannot be served. And
criminals routinely seek ways to wreak havoc with company data, applications, and
Web sites. New regulations to protect privacy and increase accountability have also
made executives much more sensitive to the consequences of inadequate IT security
practices—either internally or from service providers. In addition, the risk of losing or
compromising company information has risen steeply. No longer are a company’s files
locked down and accessible only by company staff. Today, company information can be
exposed to the public in literally hundreds of ways. Our increasing mobility, the porta-
bility of storage devices, and the growing sophistication of cyber threats are just a few
of the more noteworthy means.
Therefore, the job of managing IT-based risk has become much broader and more
complex, and it is now widely recognized as an integral part of any technology-based
work—no matter how minor. As a result, many IT organizations have been given the
responsibility of not only managing risk in their own activities (i.e., project develop-
ment, operations, and delivering business strategy) but also of managing IT-based risk
in all company activities (e.g., mobile computing, file sharing, and online access to infor-
mation and software). Whereas in the past companies have sought to achieve security
Chapter 10 • Managing IT-Based Risk 131
through physical or technological means (e.g., locked rooms, virus scanners), under-
standing is now growing that managing IT-based risk must be a strategic and holistic
activity that is not just the responsibility of a small group of IT specialists but also part
of the mind-set that extends from partners and suppliers to employees and customers.
This chapter explores how organizations are addressing and coping with increas-
ing IT-based risk. It first looks at the challenges facing IT managers in the arena of.
Information security management iso27001
The document discusses Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) and ISO/IEC 27001. It describes ISMS as a systematic approach to managing information security risks. ISO/IEC 27001 provides requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and improving an ISMS. It is based on a plan-do-check-act cycle. Implementing an ISMS and gaining ISO/IEC 27001 certification helps organizations manage information security risks, ensure legal and regulatory compliance, improve reputation, and gain a competitive advantage.
Strengthening Cybersecurity Effective IT Security Policies.pptx
IT security policies are a set of guidelines and rules that dictate how an organization should safeguard its information technology assets, data, and systems. These policies cover various aspects of IT security, including access control, data protection, password management, and network security. They are crucial for establishing a secure IT environment and ensuring that employees and stakeholders understand their responsibilities in maintaining security.
Web:- https://altiusit.com/
digital marketing
What exactly is internet safety?The process of shielding computers, networks, software applications, critical systems, and data from potential digital threats is known as cybersecurity. Data security is an important part of maintaining customer confidence and complying with regulations. They protect sensitive data from unauthorized access and prevent network activity that would disrupt business operations by utilizing cybersecurity tools and measures. By streamlining digital defenses across people, processes, and technology, organizations implement cybersecurity.How significant is cybersecurity?Digital systems and high-speed connectivity are used by businesses in a variety of industries, including manufacturing, energy, transportation, retail, and customer service. These industries also use digital systems to run their operations at a lower cost. They must safeguard their digital assets and systems from unauthorized access in the same way that they safeguard their physical assets. A cyber attack is the deliberate destruction and unauthorized access to a computer system, network, or connected facility. Confidential data could be leaked, stolen, deleted, or altered by a successful cyberattack. Cybersecurity measures provide the following advantages in addition to protecting against cyberattacks. Stop data breaches or cut costs associated with them Organizations that implement a cybersecurity strategy can reduce the negative effects of cyberattacks, which can have an impact on a company's reputation, finances, operations, and customer trust. Disaster recovery plans, for instance, are initiated by businesses to contain potential intrusions and minimize business disruption.To safeguard sensitive data from potential cyber risks, businesses in particular geographies and industries must adhere to regulatory requirements. For instance, European businesses are required to adhere to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which mandates the use of appropriate cybersecurity measures to safeguard data privacy.Reduce Emerging Cyber Threats As technology advances, so do cyberattacks. For gaining unauthorized system access, criminals utilize novel tools and devise novel tactics. To keep up with these brand-new and constantly evolving digital attack tools, organizations will implement and upgrade cybersecurity measures. Stop data breaches or cut costs associated with them Organizations that implement a cybersecurity strategy can reduce the negative effects of cyberattacks, which can have an impact
Risk Management
This document discusses risk management in cyber security. It begins by explaining the concept of risk management and how it has been applied to physical security measures. It then discusses how risk management principles are applied to cyber security, including identifying vulnerabilities, educating employees, and forming incident response teams. The document outlines the process of implementing a cyber security risk management system, including prioritizing assets, applying layered security, and documenting procedures. It also discusses risk mitigation strategies, incident response plans, and the role of cyber forensics in risk management.
Cyber security
Cyber crime involves using computers and the internet to commit unlawful acts where the computer is either a tool or target. Cyber security protects networks, computers, programs and data from attacks, damage or unauthorized access. There are two categories of cyber crime - where the computer is the target, such as hacking, and where it is used as a weapon to commit real-world crimes like credit card fraud. Information systems were developed to help businesses run more efficiently compared to manual systems by providing regular information to managers through management information systems, keeping track of transactions through transaction processing systems, giving managers information to make decisions using decision support systems, helping top management plan strategies with executive information systems, and storing expert knowledge to make logical suggestions for users in expert
Management of Risk and its integration within ITIL
This document discusses integrating risk management within ITIL. It begins with an introduction to ITIL and risk frameworks. It then discusses how risk processes are integrated throughout the ITIL service lifecycle in areas like problem management, change management, and service delivery. However, it also criticizes ITIL for not providing clear guidelines on implementing risk management. The document emphasizes that formal risk management can increase consistency, enhance reporting and decision making, and lead to more efficient compliance. It establishes various risk definitions and conventions used.
Ensuring robust cybersecurity a comprehensive guide to effective policies.pdf
Cybersecurity policies, often considered a subset of IT security policies, focus specifically on protecting an organization's digital assets from cyber threats. These policies encompass strategies for defending against malware, phishing attacks, data breaches, and other cyberattacks. Cybersecurity policies are essential for staying ahead of evolving cyber threats and minimizing the risk of data loss or system compromise.
Web:- https://altiusit.com/
It risk assessment
An IT risk assessment does more than just tell you about the state of security of your IT infrastructure; it can facilitate decision-making on your organizational security strategy. Some of the benefits of conducting an IT risk assessment are:
Info sec 2011 julen c mohanty
The document discusses IT governance and risk management. It defines governance and risk management, and explains that governance deals with connecting business focus to IT management, while risk management involves identifying, assessing, and prioritizing risks. It also classifies different types of IT risks, discusses how IT risk fits into enterprise risk management, and outlines the IT governance process and methods for evaluating, defining scenarios for, setting tolerance for, and controlling IT risks.
Info sec 2011 julen c mohanty
The document discusses IT governance and risk management. It defines governance as managing an organization through senior executive direction and control. Risk management is defined as identifying, assessing, and prioritizing risks, then applying resources to minimize threats and maximize opportunities. The document outlines various frameworks for classifying and evaluating IT risks, such as how IT risk fits within enterprise risk management. It also provides examples of IT risk scenarios and discusses establishing risk tolerance and an ongoing process of planning, doing, checking, and acting to manage risks.
Book 2_Bab 11_Information Technology and ERM.pdf
This document discusses risks related to information technology (IT) systems and processes within the framework of enterprise risk management (ERM). It addresses three key IT risk areas: 1) application systems risks associated with developing, implementing, and maintaining new applications; 2) effective continuity planning for unexpected interruptions; and 3) risks from computer worms, viruses, and unauthorized network access. The document examines how the COSO ERM framework covers IT risks at a high level through its control activities and information/communication components, but notes that a deeper understanding of specific IT risks is also needed.
AP_Cybersecurity_and_Risk_Management_Lead_from_the_C-suite_Mar_2016
Cybersecurity risks must be addressed at the executive level through an enterprise-wide risk management framework. While cybersecurity has traditionally been viewed as a technical issue managed by IT, it is critical that top management be fully engaged in cybersecurity risk governance to ensure proper protection is incorporated as a business goal. There are various models for integrating cybersecurity management into risk management structures, with the most effective approach ensuring board visibility, balanced governance of both IT and non-IT risks, and authority across the organization to enforce protocols.
Did You Know Managed IT Services Can Enhance Data Security?
Managed IT services play a crucial role in enhancing data security for businesses of all sizes. By entrusting the maintenance and protection of IT infrastructure to experts, companies can proactively identify and address potential security threats, streamline data management processes, and ensure compliance with relevant regulations. With the increasing sophistication of cyber threats, partnering with managed IT services providers is a strategic investment to safeguard sensitive data and maintain business continuity in an ever-evolving digital landscape.
Roles and Responsibilities of Board Members in IT Risk Assessment
Read the blog to understand the significant responsibilities of board members for ensuring the IT Risk Assessment process.
https://bit.ly/4b95j91
Decode_Portfolio2016
This document provides summaries of the services offered by an information security company, including specialist security advice, risk management, cyber security, content management, communications management, training and awareness programs. The company aims to continuously innovate and deliver high-quality security solutions tailored to clients' needs in a rapidly changing technology landscape.
Gtag 1 information risk and control
The control environment within IT refers to the overall attitude, awareness, and actions of management and employees regarding IT controls and their importance to the organization. Some key aspects of the IT control environment include:
- Tone at the top from CIO/IT leadership - Demonstrating commitment to IT controls through clear communication and leadership actions. Setting the "tone" that IT controls are important and should be taken seriously.
- Ethical climate within IT - Fostering an environment where ethical and compliant behavior is expected and encouraged regarding IT controls and responsibilities.
- Management philosophy and operating style - How IT management approaches oversight and accountability over IT controls. Ensuring appropriate philosophies around risk management, compliance, etc.
- A
Similar to IT risk management is that the application of risk management ways t.pdf (20)
Mastering Cybersecurity Risk Management: Strategies to Safeguard Your Digital...
Mastering Cybersecurity Risk Management: Strategies to Safeguard Your Digital...
130C h a p t e r10 Managing IT-Based Risk11 This c.docx
130C h a p t e r10 Managing IT-Based Risk11 This c.docx
130C h a p t e r10 Managing IT-Based Risk11 This c.docx
130C h a p t e r10 Managing IT-Based Risk11 This c.docx
Strengthening Cybersecurity Effective IT Security Policies.pptx
Strengthening Cybersecurity Effective IT Security Policies.pptx
Management of Risk and its integration within ITIL
Management of Risk and its integration within ITIL
Ensuring robust cybersecurity a comprehensive guide to effective policies.pdf
Ensuring robust cybersecurity a comprehensive guide to effective policies.pdf
AP_Cybersecurity_and_Risk_Management_Lead_from_the_C-suite_Mar_2016
AP_Cybersecurity_and_Risk_Management_Lead_from_the_C-suite_Mar_2016
Did You Know Managed IT Services Can Enhance Data Security?
Did You Know Managed IT Services Can Enhance Data Security?
Roles and Responsibilities of Board Members in IT Risk Assessment
Roles and Responsibilities of Board Members in IT Risk Assessment
More from aquacareser
1) MODERN TIMES is a very well prepared movie that describes the mis.pdf
1) MODERN TIMES is a very well prepared movie that describes the miserable conditions of
humar resource during the period of industrialization era or machine age worlwide. It is a mix of
social drama and comedy. The content is presented in a satire. How did people survived the great
depression of the world is being documented here. The conditions werre miserable like acute
shortage of work, factory closings, labor strikes and political unrest etc. It is a symbolic
representation of what happens to a human being caught up in the mechanical bureaucracy of the
intellectual state.
2) Economically it could be understood that what miser situations could depression bring up.
Food and jobs comes hard in hand. To which a labor is convict to do under skill jobs as well for
survival. At the time of the great depression Americans had to fight for what little they had, and
as the movie showed many people went hungry. Modern Times looks toward the future, but not
with enthusiasm. Often described as a satire of the machine age, It has in fact a broader theme:
the dehumanizing effects of many aspects of modernity, including industrialization, bureaucracy,
urbanization, and law enforcement.
3) From the movie a prospect employee should not forget about the social ills and failings of
own day even if present age is seems far better than that was shown in the film. A dilbert-like
early scene shows the Tramp trying to take a break during work hours in the washroom — only
to have a big-screen image of the boss’s head suddenly appear on the washroom wall and order
him to quit stalling and get back to work. Modern audiences watching this scene may reflect
ruefully on the everyday reality of electronic surveillance in the workplace. Now, obviously
there’s nothing new about widespread poverty and want, but unemployment as we know it today
is a comparatively recent development — a byproduct of the modern workforce economy that
requires everyone to \"get a job.\"
4) The major ethical dilemma consists whether out of povertty stealing is right or wrong.
However this movie glorifies the struggle of the poor rather than vilifying them for stealing food
to survive. By glorifying the struggle the movie takes on yet another social issue: when the poor
steal to eat it is not criminal, just survival. Minor ones include
Solution
1) MODERN TIMES is a very well prepared movie that describes the miserable conditions of
humar resource during the period of industrialization era or machine age worlwide. It is a mix of
social drama and comedy. The content is presented in a satire. How did people survived the great
depression of the world is being documented here. The conditions werre miserable like acute
shortage of work, factory closings, labor strikes and political unrest etc. It is a symbolic
representation of what happens to a human being caught up in the mechanical bureaucracy of the
intellectual state.
2) Economically it could be understood that what miser situations could depress.
1. Identify five differences between DNA replication and gene transc.pdf
1. Identify five differences between DNA replication and gene transcription.
DNA replication
gene transcription.
occurs in preparation for cell division,
Produces two two copies of DNA, double stranded
Uses DNA as template to form DNA
Catalyzed by DNA polymerase
the end result is two daughter cells.
happens in preparation for protein translation.
Produces mRNA, single stranded
Uses template DNA as a template and forms RNA
Catalyzed by RNA polymerase
End result is mRNA which is then exported out of the nucleus for translation
2. Identify four differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA
RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid is the hereditary material in most of the organisms
Made of 2-deoxyribose sugar
Contains thymine as one of the 4 nitrogen base
It is double stranded
Ribonucleic acid transfers genetic code needed for the creation of proteins from the nucleus to
the ribosome.
Made of ribose sugar
Has Uracil as the nitrogen base instead of thymine
Single stranded
DNA replication
gene transcription.
occurs in preparation for cell division,
Produces two two copies of DNA, double stranded
Uses DNA as template to form DNA
Catalyzed by DNA polymerase
the end result is two daughter cells.
happens in preparation for protein translation.
Produces mRNA, single stranded
Uses template DNA as a template and forms RNA
Catalyzed by RNA polymerase
End result is mRNA which is then exported out of the nucleus for translation
Solution
1. Identify five differences between DNA replication and gene transcription.
DNA replication
gene transcription.
occurs in preparation for cell division,
Produces two two copies of DNA, double stranded
Uses DNA as template to form DNA
Catalyzed by DNA polymerase
the end result is two daughter cells.
happens in preparation for protein translation.
Produces mRNA, single stranded
Uses template DNA as a template and forms RNA
Catalyzed by RNA polymerase
End result is mRNA which is then exported out of the nucleus for translation
2. Identify four differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA
RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid is the hereditary material in most of the organisms
Made of 2-deoxyribose sugar
Contains thymine as one of the 4 nitrogen base
It is double stranded
Ribonucleic acid transfers genetic code needed for the creation of proteins from the nucleus to
the ribosome.
Made of ribose sugar
Has Uracil as the nitrogen base instead of thymine
Single stranded
DNA replication
gene transcription.
occurs in preparation for cell division,
Produces two two copies of DNA, double stranded
Uses DNA as template to form DNA
Catalyzed by DNA polymerase
the end result is two daughter cells.
happens in preparation for protein translation.
Produces mRNA, single stranded
Uses template DNA as a template and forms RNA
Catalyzed by RNA polymerase
End result is mRNA which is then exported out of the nucleus for translation.
1.1Yearcash flowpresent value of cash inflow = cash flow(1+r).pdf
1.1
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 5%
1
75
71.42857
2
75
68.02721
3
75
64.78782
4
1075
884.4052
value of bond
sum of present value of cash flow
1088.649
1.2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 5.2%
1
75
71.29278
2
75
67.7688
3
75
64.41901
4
1075
877.6988
value of bond
sum of present value of cash flow
1081.179
1.3
% change in bond price if YTM increases by .2%
(1081.18-1088.65)/1088.65
-0.69%
1.4
Duration is a measure of a bond\'s sensitivity to interest rate changes. The higher the bond\'s
duration, the greater its sensitivity to the change (also know as volatility) and vice versa.
1.4
Year
cash flow
Year*cash flow
present value of Year*cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 5%
1
75
75
71.42857
2
75
150
136.0544
3
75
225
194.3635
4
1075
4300
3537.621
total
3939.467
Macculay duration in years
total/face value of bond
3939.467/1000
3.939467
1.4
modified duration
macculay duration/(1+YTM)
3.94/1.05
3.752381
1.5
change in price if YTM increases by .2%
modified duration*change in YTM
3.75*.2%
0.75%
1.1
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 5%
1
75
71.42857
2
75
68.02721
3
75
64.78782
4
1075
884.4052
value of bond
sum of present value of cash flow
1088.649
1.2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 5.2%
1
75
71.29278
2
75
67.7688
3
75
64.41901
4
1075
877.6988
value of bond
sum of present value of cash flow
1081.179
1.3
% change in bond price if YTM increases by .2%
(1081.18-1088.65)/1088.65
-0.69%
1.4
Duration is a measure of a bond\'s sensitivity to interest rate changes. The higher the bond\'s
duration, the greater its sensitivity to the change (also know as volatility) and vice versa.
1.4
Year
cash flow
Year*cash flow
present value of Year*cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 5%
1
75
75
71.42857
2
75
150
136.0544
3
75
225
194.3635
4
1075
4300
3537.621
total
3939.467
Macculay duration in years
total/face value of bond
3939.467/1000
3.939467
1.4
modified duration
macculay duration/(1+YTM)
3.94/1.05
3.752381
1.5
change in price if YTM increases by .2%
modified duration*change in YTM
3.75*.2%
0.75%
Solution
1.1
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 5%
1
75
71.42857
2
75
68.02721
3
75
64.78782
4
1075
884.4052
value of bond
sum of present value of cash flow
1088.649
1.2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 5.2%
1
75
71.29278
2
75
67.7688
3
75
64.41901
4
1075
877.6988
value of bond
sum of present value of cash flow
1081.179
1.3
% change in bond price if YTM increases by .2%
(1081.18-1088.65)/1088.65
-0.69%
1.4
Duration is a measure of a bond\'s sensitivity to interest rate changes. The higher the bond\'s
duration, the greater its sensitivity to the change (also know as volatility) and vice versa.
1.4
Year
cash flow
Year*cash flow
present value of Year*cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 5%
1
75
75
71.42857
2
75
150
136.0544
3
75
225
194.3635
4
1075
4300
3537.621
total
3939.467
M.
this is my code to count the frequency of words in a text file#.pdf
this is my code to count the frequency of words in a text file
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include
#include
#include
#include
/******************************
here is the Structure for storing words
received from each thread
******************************/
struct return_vall{
char wordlist[100][100];
int count[100];
} *arr;
pthread_t *threads;
int lines;
/*****************************
here are Aggregates Frequency Sum of
different threads
*****************************/
int aggregate(char *a)
{
int sum = 0;
int i=0;
while(1)
{
if(i==lines) break;
int count = 0;
while(1)
{
if(arr[i].count[count] == -1)
{
break;
}
if(strcmp(a,arr[i].wordlist[count]) == 0)
{
sum += arr[i].count[count];
arr[i].count[count] = 0;
}
count++;
}
i++;
}
return sum;
}
/**************************
Function thta are executed by each
thread on seperate line.
**************************/
void *word_count(void* num)
{
int *ln = num;
unsigned int line_number = *ln;
line_number++;
//printf(\"Thread %d\ \",line_number);
char cmd_p1[9] = \"sed -n \'\\0\";
char cmd_p2[2];
sprintf(cmd_p2,\"%d\",line_number);
char cmd_p3[14] = \"p\' \'file.txt\'\\0\";
char command[100];
command[0] = \'\\0\';
strcat(command,cmd_p1);
strcat(command,cmd_p2);
strcat(command,cmd_p3);
//usleep(line_number);
char cmd[100] = \" | tr [:space:] \'\\\ \' | grep -v \'^\\\\s*$\' | sort | uniq -c | sort\\0\";
strcat(command,cmd);
//printf(\"%s\ \",command);
//fflush(stdout);
FILE *in;
in= popen(command, \"r\");
rewind(in);
char buff[50];
int counter = 0;
while(fgets(buff,sizeof(buff),in))
{
char c=\' \';
int i = 0;
int cnt = atoi(buff);
arr[line_number-1].count[counter] = cnt;
while(c!=\'\\0\')
{
c=buff[i];
buff[i]=buff[i+6];
i++;
}
int cnnt = 0;
while(c!=\' \')
{
c = buff[cnnt];
cnnt++;
}
i=0;
while(c!=\'\\0\')
{
c=buff[i];
buff[i]=buff[i+cnnt];
i++;
}
sprintf(arr[line_number-1].wordlist[counter],\"%s\",buff);
//printf(\"%d %s\",arr[line_number-1].count[counter],arr[line_number-
1].wordlist[counter]);
counter++;
}
arr[line_number-1].count[counter] = -1;
fclose(in);
return NULL;
}
int main(void)
{
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen(\"file.txt\",\"r\");
char a[200];
lines = 0;
void *status = NULL;
while(fgets(a,sizeof(a),fp) !=NULL)
{
lines++;
}
fclose(fp);
arr = (struct return_vall*) calloc(lines, sizeof(struct return_vall) * lines);
threads = malloc(sizeof(pthread_t)*lines);
int i;
for(i=0;i= 0)
{
if(arr[i].count[ctr] > 0)
{
strcpy(final[final_ctr],arr[i].wordlist[ctr]);
final_cnt[final_ctr] = arr[i].count[ctr];
arr[i].count[ctr] = 0;
int sum = aggregate(arr[i].wordlist[ctr]);
final_cnt[final_ctr] += sum;
printf(\"%d %s\",final_cnt[final_ctr],final[final_ctr]);
}
ctr++; final_ctr++;
}
i++;
if(i==lines)
{
break;
}
}
free(arr);
return 0;
}
Solution
this is my code to count the frequency of words in a text file
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include
#include
#include
#include
/******************************
here is the Structure for storing words
received from each thread
******************************/
struct return_vall{
char wordlist[100][100];
.
The ice allows the refluxed materials to crystall.pdf
The use of ice in refluxing materials allows them to crystallize and form solid crystals and products. Additionally, the ice facilitates purification by washing away contaminants when it melts. In summary, ice promotes crystallization and purification during refluxing.
1. b2. c (bed bug)3. d (caterpillars)4. c (lyme disease)5. e.pdf
1. b
2. c (bed bug)
3. d (caterpillars)
4. c (lyme disease)
5. e (chagas disease)
6. a (hives)
7. e (short lived)
8. d (plants)
9. a (1892)
10. e (parvoviridae)
11. mosquito
12. a (flies)
13. c (lyme disease)
14.
15. --- holometabolous is the type of metamorphosis in beetles
16. oligocene
17. e (6 or more)
18. e
Solution
1. b
2. c (bed bug)
3. d (caterpillars)
4. c (lyme disease)
5. e (chagas disease)
6. a (hives)
7. e (short lived)
8. d (plants)
9. a (1892)
10. e (parvoviridae)
11. mosquito
12. a (flies)
13. c (lyme disease)
14.
15. --- holometabolous is the type of metamorphosis in beetles
16. oligocene
17. e (6 or more)
18. e.
#In this project you will write a program play TicTacToe #using tw.pdf
#In this project you will write a program play TicTacToe
#using two players (labels 0,1) or one play (label 0) playing with the machine (label 1).
#The TicTacToe board has 9 integers board = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. The following
# are the modules for the program
#
#def reset() resets the board to the original values
# board = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
#
#def printBoard() print the current state of the board using the format
#
#The current TicTacToe Board
# | 1 | 2 | 3 |
# | 4 | 5 | 6 |
# | 7 | O | 9 |
#
#The current TicTacToe Board
# | X | 2 | 3 |
# | 4 | 5 | 6 |
# | 7 | O | 9 |
#Note from the above that player 0 and 1 have played numbers 8 and 1
#respectively and the board display O for player 0 and X from player 1
#
#def changeBoard(num1, player) using the chosen box number to change
#the value of the box to 0 or -1 depending on whether the player is 0 or 1,
#respectively.
#
#def play(player) prints the player number (0 or 1) and prompts the player
# to enter a box value that have not changed to \'O\' or \'X\'
#
#def checkRows(value) checks to see which of the rows of the board
# has the same value and returns True, otherwise, returns False
#
#def checkCols(value) checks to see which of the cols of the board
# has the same value and returns True, otherwise, returns False
#
#def checkDiagonal(value) checks to see which of the diagonals of the board
# has the same value and returns True, otherwise, returns False
#
#def win(player) checks if a player wins the game, returns True of the player wins
# and False otherwise
#
#def machinePlay(player) plays the role of the player using random number.
# this function generates numbers in the interval [1,9] and uses the first
# generated random number that has not been used to play the game. The
#
#def ticTacToe(numPlayers) accepts the number of players and simulates the
#ticTapToe, asking players to enter unused box numbers.
#
#def main() is the driver module that accepts the number of players from the user
# and calls the ticTacToe module
#Assignment: Complete the follwoing modules:
#checkCols
#checkRows
#checkDiagonal
#win
#Sample of the output is
#
#Project
#This game can be played by one or two players
#Enter the number of players, 1/2 for one/two players: 1
#
#The current TicTapToe Board
#| 1 | 2 | 3 |
#| 4 | 5 | 6 |
#| 7 | 8 | 9 |
#Player 0 Enter a box value: 9
#
#The current TicTapToe Board
#| 1 | 2 | 3 |
#| 4 | 5 | 6 |
#| 7 | 8 | O |
#Player 1 ***Computer*** playing
#The current TicTapToe Board
#| 1 | 2 | 3 |
#| 4 | 5 | 6 |
#| 7 | X | O |
#Player 0 Enter a box value: 1
#
#The current TicTapToe Board
#| O | 2 | 3 |
#| 4 | 5 | 6 |
#| 7 | X | O |
#Player 1 ***Computer*** playing
#
#The current TicTapToe Board
#| O | X | 3 |
#| 4 | 5 | 6 |
#| 7 | X | O |
#Player 0 Enter a box value: 5
#
#The current TicTapToe Board
#| O | X | 3 |
#| 4 | O | 6 |
#| 7 | X | O |
#Player 0 Wins
#Do you want to quit?
#Begin Program
#import random number generator
#from random library
#from random import randint, seed
#Global va.
Web sever environmentA Web server is a program that uses HTTP (Hy.pdf
Web sever environment:
A Web server is a program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve the files that
form Web pages to users, in response to their requests, which are forwarded by their computers\'
HTTP clients. Dedicated computers and appliances may be referred to as Web servers as
well.The process is an example of the client/server model. All computers that host Web sites
must have Web server programs. Leading Web servers include Apache (the most widely-
installed Web server), Microsoft\'s Internet Information Server (IIS) and nginx
(pronouncedengine X) from NGNIX. Other Web servers include Novell\'s NetWare server,
Google Web Server (GWS) and IBM\'s family of Domino servers. Web servers often come as
part of a larger package of Internet- and intranet-related programs for serving email,
downloading requests for File Transfer Protocol (FTP) files, and building and publishing Web
pages. Considerations in choosing a Web server include how well it works with the operating
system and other servers, its ability to handle server-side programming, security characteristics,
and the particular publishing, search engine and site building tools that come with it.
Advantages of using a web server within your development environment:
Problems posed by web server environment and methods to solve:
Various high-profile hacking attacks have proven that web security remains the most critical
issue to any business that conducts its operations online. Web servers are one of the most
targeted public faces of an organization, because of the sensitive data they usually host. Securing
a web server is as important as securing the website or web application itself and the network
around it. If you have a secure web application and an insecure web server, or vice versa, it still
puts your business at a huge risk. Your company’s security is as strong as its weakest point.
Although securing a web server can be a daunting operation and requires specialist expertise, it is
not an impossible task. Long hours of research and an overdose of coffee and take away food,
can save you from long nights at the office, headaches and data breaches in the future. Irrelevant
of what web server software and operating system you are running, an out of the box
configuration is usually insecure. Therefore one must take some necessary steps in order to
increase web server security. Below is a list of tasks one should follow when securing a web
server.
1. Remove Unnecessary Services
Default operating system installations and configurations, are not secure. In a typical default
installation, many network services which won’t be used in a web server configuration are
installed, such as remote registry services, print server service, RAS etc. The more services
running on an operating system, the more ports will be left open, thus leaving more open doors
for malicious users to abuse. Switch off all unnecessary services and disable them, so next time
the server is rebooted, they .
We ca use HashSet data structure to remove duplicats from an array i.pdf
We ca use HashSet data structure to remove duplicats from an array in O(n) time.
HashSet does not allow duplicate elements. So add all elements from an array to HashSet. While
adding first check whether current element is already in Set or not. If it is already there then
remove from an array.
PSUDO CODE:
void removeDuplicateFromArray(int []array, int size):
1. create a HashSet: HashSet set = new HashSet();
2. Itereate give array and add element in Set one by one:
int k = 0;
for i=0 to size-1:
if(!set.contains(array[i]) // if current element is not in Set, then add it in set and include in array
also
array[k++] = array[i];
set.add(array[i])
Runnning TIme: O(n)
Solution
We ca use HashSet data structure to remove duplicats from an array in O(n) time.
HashSet does not allow duplicate elements. So add all elements from an array to HashSet. While
adding first check whether current element is already in Set or not. If it is already there then
remove from an array.
PSUDO CODE:
void removeDuplicateFromArray(int []array, int size):
1. create a HashSet: HashSet set = new HashSet();
2. Itereate give array and add element in Set one by one:
int k = 0;
for i=0 to size-1:
if(!set.contains(array[i]) // if current element is not in Set, then add it in set and include in array
also
array[k++] = array[i];
set.add(array[i])
Runnning TIme: O(n).
this eample is of t-test for comparing two meanshere mean1 = m.pdf
this eample is of t-test for comparing two means
here mean1 = mean of FIFO and mean 2 : Mean of LIFO
so here we use student t-test for comparision of 2 means to evaluate both methods in this
procedure
ans: Student t-test for comparision of means
Solution
this eample is of t-test for comparing two means
here mean1 = mean of FIFO and mean 2 : Mean of LIFO
so here we use student t-test for comparision of 2 means to evaluate both methods in this
procedure
ans: Student t-test for comparision of means.
The middle ear bones in mammals are derived from bones in the dentar.pdf
The middle ear bones in mammals are derived from bones in the dentary bone (mandible) of
Therapsids. In the Therapsid dentary, there were three bones used in the jaw hinge: the angular,
articular and quadrate. The tympanic, malleus, and incus are homologous to the angular,
articular, and quadrate
Tympanic = Angular
Malleus = Articular
Incus = Quadrate
In early Therapsids, the quadrate, angular and articular were directly connected to the dentary
bone in the jaw hinge. These bones were essential for jaw movement. These bones were also
utilized for crude hearing capabilities. The next stage of evolution came with the separation of
these bones and the dentary. After the bones separated from the jaw, they formed the postdentary
rod. It is believed that these the mammalian middle ear bones evolved at least twice. It is
believed that monotreme and therian ancestors evolved very similar middle ear bones, but in two
separate paths. In monotreme ancestors, there is a mandibular trough, that is believed to have
accommodated the postdentary rod. This rod is believed to have been connected to the trough by
ligaments. This rod was used for hearing and the quadrate, angular, and articular were no longer
needed in the jaw hinge. In therians, the mandibular trough no longer held the quadrate, angular,
and articular. These bones were held to the jaw by ossified Meckel’s cartilage. This bridge of
cartilage and bone extended away from the dentary and approached the area that would make up
the modern ear cavity.
The evolution of the mammalian middle ear and jaw joint were pivotal steps in the evolution of
mammals. It is also a great example of how classical comparative anatomy, paleontology and
developmental biology have come together to piece together how this remarkable transformation
of jaw joint to ear ossicles was able to come about. The homologies of the malleus, incus and
stapes to the articular, quadrate and columella, and tympanic ring and gonial to the angular and
prearticular suggested by comparative anatomy 175 years ago have been recently confirmed by
molecular and developmental biology. The recent discovery of new mammali form fossils has
allowed careful documentation of the shift from primary to secondary jaw articulation, creating
an opportunity to follow the transformation of the post-dentary skeletal elements. This fossil data
has been complemented by the study of marsupial development, providing insight into the
changing role of the malleus and incus, and the relationship of the primary and secondary jaw
joints. We now have a number of unanswered questions. What are the signalling molecules
involved in the interactions between the condylar process and the glenoid fossa that create the
novel mammalian jaw joint? What are the mechanisms that lead to transformation of Meckel’s
cartilage into a ligament allowing isolation of the ear from the jaw? What controls the
distribution of secondary cartilages? What controls the timing of differentiation an.
There is an old saying “Do not put all eggs in one basket”WhyBe.pdf
There is an old saying “Do not put all eggs in one basket”
Why?
Because risk is high.By keeping eggs in different baskets, we reduce risk
We try to do same thing through diversification.
By investing our capital in different assets , we try to reduce risk.
Diversified folios reduce the risk and also the ratio of Risk to reward.
If w1, w2 , w3 …wn are weight in the portfolio for assets 1, 2,3 ….n
Then,w1+w2+w3+……………………+wn=1
R1, R2,R3,…….Rn are the return of the assets 1, 2 , 3 ….n
S1, S2, S3……Sn are the standard deviation of the assets 1, 2, 3 …n
Portfolio Return=w1R1+w2R2+w3R3+…….+wnRn
Portfolio
Variance=(w1^2)*(S1^2)+(w2^2)(S2^2)+………….(wn^2)*(Sn^2)+2w1w2*Cov(1,2)+2w1w3*
Cov(1,3)+………+w(n-1)wn*Cov(n,(n-1)
Cov(1,2)=Covariance of returns of asset1 and asset2
Portfolio Standard Deviation =Square root of Portfolio variance
Risk of a stock is measured by standard deviation.
Hence reduction of standard deviation through diversification means reduction of risk.
We can take a simple example of two assets 1 and 2
Return of asset1=R1=15%
Return of asset2=R2=12%
Standard deviation of asset 1=S1=10%
Standard deviation of asset 2=S2=8%
Correlation of asset 1 and 2=Corr(1,2)=0.1
Covariance(1,2)=Corr(1,2)*S1*S2=0.1*10*8=8
Assume for simplicity, equal amount is invested in asset 1 and asset 2
Hence, w1=w2=0.5
Portfolio Return;
0.5*15+0.5*12=13.5%
Portfolio Variance=(0.5^2)*(10^2)+(0.5^2)*(8^2)+2*0.5*0.5*8=45
Portfolio Standard Deviation=Square root of Variance=(45^0.5)= 6.708204
We can see, the risk of portfolio as measured by Standard Deviation has reduced significantly to
6,7 whereas the assets in the portfolio had standard deviation of 10 and 8
Risk / Return ratio of the portfolio=6.7/13.5=0.496
Risk/Return ratio of asset1=10/15= 0.666667
Risk/Return ratio of asset2=8/12= 0.666667
Risk return ratio of the portfolio is lower
WHY INVEST IN DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES TO DIVERSIFY?
Return of same types of assets are highly correlated. Suppose, if you invest in 10 different
Technology Companies, you may not be able to reduce risk, because all the companies will have
similar return and highly correlated.
We have seen in the equation of Portfolio Variance, one factor=2 w1*w2*Cov(1,2)
If there is high correlation between return of asset1 and 2, the Covariance(1,2) will be high .
Hence this factor 2w1w2Cov(1,2) will be high. As a result portfolio standard deviation will be
high and diversification will not serve any purpose.
Hence, in order to get benefit of diversification, we need to invest in different type of industries
so that the correlation between different assets are low. Consequently, the portfolio risk
(measured through standard deviation) is low.
Solution
There is an old saying “Do not put all eggs in one basket”
Why?
Because risk is high.By keeping eggs in different baskets, we reduce risk
We try to do same thing through diversification.
By investing our capital in different assets , we try to reduce risk.
Diversified folios reduce the risk and also the rati.
The ER Model is focussed to be a description of real-world entities..pdf
The ER Model is focussed to be a description of real-world entities. Although its
development/construction is done in such a way as to allow fair and easy translation to the
relational schema model, this is not fully trivial process. The ER diagram represents the
conceptual level of database design while the relational schema represents the logical level for
the database design. Following simple rules are followed:
ADDRESS( cityAddress, city, state ) candidate key:cityAddress, city , state
PERSON( pid,name ) candidate key: pid
OBSERVATION (oid, date, temperature, humidity, precip. ,city), candidate key: oid foreign key:
city
OBSERVER ( pid ), candidate key: pid
METEREOLOGIST( pid ), candidate key: pid
CONSUMER( pid ), candidate key: pid
WARNINGS( wwid,description,date,city) candidate key: wwid
FORECAST( fid,city,date,low,high) candidate key: fid
WEATHERPROGRAM( wid,name ) candidatekey; wid
LIVESAT(city, streerAddress, state,pid)
RECORDS(oid,pid,method)
ISSUES(wwid.pid)
PRESENTS(fid,pid)
VIEWS(pid,fid)
MAKES(wid,fid,oid)
15 tables will be created in all along with relationship tables
and only 9 tables if relationships are shown as foreign keys
Solution
The ER Model is focussed to be a description of real-world entities. Although its
development/construction is done in such a way as to allow fair and easy translation to the
relational schema model, this is not fully trivial process. The ER diagram represents the
conceptual level of database design while the relational schema represents the logical level for
the database design. Following simple rules are followed:
ADDRESS( cityAddress, city, state ) candidate key:cityAddress, city , state
PERSON( pid,name ) candidate key: pid
OBSERVATION (oid, date, temperature, humidity, precip. ,city), candidate key: oid foreign key:
city
OBSERVER ( pid ), candidate key: pid
METEREOLOGIST( pid ), candidate key: pid
CONSUMER( pid ), candidate key: pid
WARNINGS( wwid,description,date,city) candidate key: wwid
FORECAST( fid,city,date,low,high) candidate key: fid
WEATHERPROGRAM( wid,name ) candidatekey; wid
LIVESAT(city, streerAddress, state,pid)
RECORDS(oid,pid,method)
ISSUES(wwid.pid)
PRESENTS(fid,pid)
VIEWS(pid,fid)
MAKES(wid,fid,oid)
15 tables will be created in all along with relationship tables
and only 9 tables if relationships are shown as foreign keys.
Please find the answers belowAnswer 16 Option A (IEP). (IEP or i.pdf
Please find the answers below:
Answer 16: Option A (IEP). (IEP or individual educational plan is an official document which
carries the information depicting the personal/specific educatinal goals of children with special
needs. It is not only a document, but refers to a protocol/programme which clearly demarcates
the specific needs of a student. It has some features such as specilization, personalized, validity,
usability as a shared document, information about requirement of a specific teacher/mentor or
subject expert etc.)
Answer 17: The statement is true. Technically, based upon the physical, physiological and
psychological development of children, the age group of 6-11 has been globally accepted as the
time of adolescence for growing children. This age group is associated with discrete phsycial
growth (puberty), psycholgoical growth (feelings, emotions etc) and physiological growth
(activation of reproductive organs).
Solution
Please find the answers below:
Answer 16: Option A (IEP). (IEP or individual educational plan is an official document which
carries the information depicting the personal/specific educatinal goals of children with special
needs. It is not only a document, but refers to a protocol/programme which clearly demarcates
the specific needs of a student. It has some features such as specilization, personalized, validity,
usability as a shared document, information about requirement of a specific teacher/mentor or
subject expert etc.)
Answer 17: The statement is true. Technically, based upon the physical, physiological and
psychological development of children, the age group of 6-11 has been globally accepted as the
time of adolescence for growing children. This age group is associated with discrete phsycial
growth (puberty), psycholgoical growth (feelings, emotions etc) and physiological growth
(activation of reproductive organs)..
Question 1 answer is A Global trade allows wealthy countries to use .pdf
Question 1 answer is A Global trade allows wealthy countries to use their resources - whether
labor, technology or capital - more efficiently. Because countries are endowed with different
assets and natural resources (land, labor, capital and technology), some countries may produce
the same good more efficiently and therefore sell it more cheaply than other countries. If a
country cannot efficiently produce an item, it can obtain the item by trading with another country
that can. This is known as specialization in international trade.
Question 2 answer is C All options are correct
Question 3 answer is D Revenue tariffs are levied to raise money.
Question 4 answer is D.(cannot promote third world development, unless governments offer
some incentive for importing from third world economies).
Question 5 answer is A
Question 6 answer is C
Solution
Question 1 answer is A Global trade allows wealthy countries to use their resources - whether
labor, technology or capital - more efficiently. Because countries are endowed with different
assets and natural resources (land, labor, capital and technology), some countries may produce
the same good more efficiently and therefore sell it more cheaply than other countries. If a
country cannot efficiently produce an item, it can obtain the item by trading with another country
that can. This is known as specialization in international trade.
Question 2 answer is C All options are correct
Question 3 answer is D Revenue tariffs are levied to raise money.
Question 4 answer is D.(cannot promote third world development, unless governments offer
some incentive for importing from third world economies).
Question 5 answer is A
Question 6 answer is C.
Precipitation hardening, or age hardening, provides one of the most .pdf
Precipitation hardening, or age hardening, provides one of the most widely used mechanisms for
the strengthening of metal alloys. The fundamental understanding and basis for this technique
was established in early work at the U. S. Bureau of Standards on Duralumin.
The importance of theoretical suggestion for the development of new alloys is clear from the
historical record. At the end of the 19th century, cast iron was the only important commercial
alloy not already known to western technology at the time of the Romans. When age hardening
of aluminum was discovered accidentally by Wilm, during the years 1903 -1911, it quickly
became an important commercial alloy under the trade name Duralumin.
The strength and hardness of some metal alloys may be enhanced by the formation of extremely
small uniformly dispersed second-phase particles within the original phase matrix in a process
known as precipitation or age hardening. The precipitate particles act as obstacles to dislocation
movement and thereby strengthen the heat-treated alloys. Many aluminum based alloys, copper-
tin, certain steels, nickel based super-alloys and titanium alloys can be strengthened by age
hardening processes.
In order for an alloy system to be able to be precipitation-strengthened, there must be a terminal
solid solution that has a decreasing solid solubility as the temperature decreases. The Al-Cu
(Duralumin is an aluminum alloy of 2XXX group) phase diagram shown in Figure 1 shows this
type of decrease along the solvus between the and + regions. Consider a 96wt%Al – 4wt%Cu
alloy which is chosen since there is a large degrease in the solid solubility of solid solution in
decreasing the temperature from 550°C to 75°C.
Solution
Precipitation hardening, or age hardening, provides one of the most widely used mechanisms for
the strengthening of metal alloys. The fundamental understanding and basis for this technique
was established in early work at the U. S. Bureau of Standards on Duralumin.
The importance of theoretical suggestion for the development of new alloys is clear from the
historical record. At the end of the 19th century, cast iron was the only important commercial
alloy not already known to western technology at the time of the Romans. When age hardening
of aluminum was discovered accidentally by Wilm, during the years 1903 -1911, it quickly
became an important commercial alloy under the trade name Duralumin.
The strength and hardness of some metal alloys may be enhanced by the formation of extremely
small uniformly dispersed second-phase particles within the original phase matrix in a process
known as precipitation or age hardening. The precipitate particles act as obstacles to dislocation
movement and thereby strengthen the heat-treated alloys. Many aluminum based alloys, copper-
tin, certain steels, nickel based super-alloys and titanium alloys can be strengthened by age
hardening processes.
In order for an alloy system to be able to be precipitation-strengthene.
Protists are beneficial to the ecosystem in generating oxygen as the.pdf
Protists are beneficial to the ecosystem in generating oxygen as they are photosynthetic & single
celled in aquatic system result in higher dissolved oxygen finally other trophic levels are in
equilibrium
Some protists are natural scavangers & profoundly promote \"decomposition of natural organic
matter & dead bodies\" therefore nitrogen balance in the ecosystem
Some protist are harmful to the ecosystem and they cause disease to various animal and humans
result in ecological imbalance in trophic levels of food web
Economic importance of protists:
Bio-medical importance of protists:
Ecological importance of protists:
Ques-4:
Green algae: These are the algae, which were originated predominantly from the endosymbiotic
cyanobacteria, and these algae possess both plastids and chloroplasts for photosynthesis to
perform their nutrients synthesis.
Volvox is multicellular green algae and possesses cell differentiation as an evolutionary
reproductive adaptation. The cells are associated with flagella outside for motility and vacuoles
& chloroplasts inside. They mediate cell –to- cell communication through sensory perception
obtained from “eyespot” finally neighboring cells join through “cytoplasmic strands” that
promote cell –to-cell communication. Recent research has illustrated that cellular adhesion
molecules (Algal-CAMs) are found in multicellular Volvox. However, the bulk transport has not
observed in the Volvox, a primitive feature still yet to develop in them.
Brown algae are the algae, which possess secondary chloroplasts as their functional units to
perform their photosynthesis and these algae are commonly originated from the endosymbiotic
red algae. Examples are diatoms. Phylogenetic relationship with land plants:
Red algae do not possess property of photosynthesis & as they do not contain green pigments
Ques-3:
Outer coverings:
Sphingolipids
Pellicle
Phospholipids & glycolipids
Solution
Protists are beneficial to the ecosystem in generating oxygen as they are photosynthetic & single
celled in aquatic system result in higher dissolved oxygen finally other trophic levels are in
equilibrium
Some protists are natural scavangers & profoundly promote \"decomposition of natural organic
matter & dead bodies\" therefore nitrogen balance in the ecosystem
Some protist are harmful to the ecosystem and they cause disease to various animal and humans
result in ecological imbalance in trophic levels of food web
Economic importance of protists:
Bio-medical importance of protists:
Ecological importance of protists:
Ques-4:
Green algae: These are the algae, which were originated predominantly from the endosymbiotic
cyanobacteria, and these algae possess both plastids and chloroplasts for photosynthesis to
perform their nutrients synthesis.
Volvox is multicellular green algae and possesses cell differentiation as an evolutionary
reproductive adaptation. The cells are associated with flagella outside for motility and vacuoles
& chloroplasts inside. They mediate.
Now a normal O2 molecule has 12 electrons in the valence shell so, O.pdf
Now a normal O2 molecule has 12 electrons in the valence shell so, O2+ has 11 electrons in its
valence shell. The first two go in the s2s and the next two go in the s*2s. Now two go in the s2p.
Now thats 6 of the electrons. 4 electrons go in the p2p level and the remaining one goes in the
p*2p level. Now count that up and the bond order is 1/2 the number of bonding electrons minus
antibonding electrons:
Order = 1/2 (8 - 3) = 5/2
Solution
Now a normal O2 molecule has 12 electrons in the valence shell so, O2+ has 11 electrons in its
valence shell. The first two go in the s2s and the next two go in the s*2s. Now two go in the s2p.
Now thats 6 of the electrons. 4 electrons go in the p2p level and the remaining one goes in the
p*2p level. Now count that up and the bond order is 1/2 the number of bonding electrons minus
antibonding electrons:
Order = 1/2 (8 - 3) = 5/2.
P1.javaimport java.util.Scanner;keyboard inputting package pub.pdf
P1.java
import java.util.Scanner;//keyboard inputting package
public class P1 {//main class
public static void main(String[] args) {//main method
Scanner input = new Scanner (System.in);
//User will input values
System.out.print(\"Enter your weght in pounds:\");
int weight = input.nextInt();//keyboard inputting
//User will input values
System.out.print(\"Enter your feet and inches:\");
int feet = input.nextInt();//keyboard inputting
int inches=input.nextInt();
int totalheightininches=0;
totalheightininches=(feet*12)+inches;//converting feet and inches into total inches
float bmi;
float constant=703f;
bmi = (float) (weight /Math.pow(totalheightininches,2))*constant;//bmi calculation
//Print out results on display
System.out.println(\"BMI is\" + bmi);
if(bmi <18.5)
System.out.println(\"Underweight\");
else if (bmi <25)
System.out.println(\"Normal\");
else if (bmi < 30)
System.out.println(\"Overweight\");
else
System.out.println(\"Obese\");
}
}
output
Enter your weght in pounds:150
Enter your feet and inches:5 5
BMI is24.95858
Normal
Solution
P1.java
import java.util.Scanner;//keyboard inputting package
public class P1 {//main class
public static void main(String[] args) {//main method
Scanner input = new Scanner (System.in);
//User will input values
System.out.print(\"Enter your weght in pounds:\");
int weight = input.nextInt();//keyboard inputting
//User will input values
System.out.print(\"Enter your feet and inches:\");
int feet = input.nextInt();//keyboard inputting
int inches=input.nextInt();
int totalheightininches=0;
totalheightininches=(feet*12)+inches;//converting feet and inches into total inches
float bmi;
float constant=703f;
bmi = (float) (weight /Math.pow(totalheightininches,2))*constant;//bmi calculation
//Print out results on display
System.out.println(\"BMI is\" + bmi);
if(bmi <18.5)
System.out.println(\"Underweight\");
else if (bmi <25)
System.out.println(\"Normal\");
else if (bmi < 30)
System.out.println(\"Overweight\");
else
System.out.println(\"Obese\");
}
}
output
Enter your weght in pounds:150
Enter your feet and inches:5 5
BMI is24.95858
Normal.
operating system linux,ubuntu,Mac#include iostream #include .pdf
//operating system linux,ubuntu,Mac
#include
#include
#include
#include // for Time
using namespace std;
struct Node {
int number;
struct Node* nextNode;
};
//append Method Implementation
void append(struct Node** head, int num)
{
if (*head == NULL) { // checking if first node is NULL or not
(*head) = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
(*head)->number = num;
(*head)->nextNode = NULL;
}
else {
struct Node* temp = *head;
while (temp->nextNode != NULL) {
temp = temp->nextNode;
}
struct Node* newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); //dynamically
allocation of memory
newNode->number = num;
newNode->nextNode = NULL;
temp->nextNode = newNode;
}
}
/* Getting Node with value from List*/
Node* search(struct Node** head, int value)
{
clock_t begin = clock();
std::cout<number == value) {
clock_t end = clock();
std::cout<nextNode;
}
return NULL;
}
/*Display List Method Implementation*/
void printList(struct Node* head)
{
while (head != NULL) {
std::cout << head->number << \" \";
head = head->nextNode;
}
std::cout << endl;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct Node* head = NULL,*temp;
srand(time(0));
if ( argc != 3 ) // argc should be 2 for correct execution
// We print error message
std::cout<<\"Please Enter 3 argument\"<
Solution
//operating system linux,ubuntu,Mac
#include
#include
#include
#include // for Time
using namespace std;
struct Node {
int number;
struct Node* nextNode;
};
//append Method Implementation
void append(struct Node** head, int num)
{
if (*head == NULL) { // checking if first node is NULL or not
(*head) = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
(*head)->number = num;
(*head)->nextNode = NULL;
}
else {
struct Node* temp = *head;
while (temp->nextNode != NULL) {
temp = temp->nextNode;
}
struct Node* newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); //dynamically
allocation of memory
newNode->number = num;
newNode->nextNode = NULL;
temp->nextNode = newNode;
}
}
/* Getting Node with value from List*/
Node* search(struct Node** head, int value)
{
clock_t begin = clock();
std::cout<number == value) {
clock_t end = clock();
std::cout<nextNode;
}
return NULL;
}
/*Display List Method Implementation*/
void printList(struct Node* head)
{
while (head != NULL) {
std::cout << head->number << \" \";
head = head->nextNode;
}
std::cout << endl;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct Node* head = NULL,*temp;
srand(time(0));
if ( argc != 3 ) // argc should be 2 for correct execution
// We print error message
std::cout<<\"Please Enter 3 argument\"<.
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